• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NCASA (Nursing Child Assessment Sleep/Activity Record) would be suitable to evaluate and to provide the basic resources for a Korean model of sleep/activity patterns during the first 6 months Korean infants' lives and to provide a basis for nursing intervention for mothers of early infants. The subjects of this study were 94 normal infants from birth to 6 months of age who visited the postpartum care center and two general hospitals located in Pusan from February 1 to April 28, 2000. The method of data collection was through convenient sampling. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by the Korean parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, frequency percentage and ANOVA, Post Hoc test by use of SPSS/PC. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 8.06 hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 6.31 hours. The mean amount of total daily sleep was 14.37 hours. The mean of the longest sleep period was 5.20 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 25.84%. The mean regularity of nighttime sleep was 77.69%. The mean regularity of total daily sleep was 42.60%. The mean frequency of nighttime wakenings was 2.33 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime activity was 8.25 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 1.39 hours. The mean amount of daily total activity was 9.64 hours. The mean of the longest activity period was 3.80 hours The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.69 times. The mean frequency of nighttime feeding was 2.08 times. The mean frequency of total daily feeding was 7.74 times. The mean frequency regularity of feeding was 54.62%. The mean frequency of wakenings was 5.14 times. The mean frequency of crying was 1.90 times. 3. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime sleep(p<.001), amount of night time sleep(p<.05), amount of total daily sleep (p<.001), longest sleep period(p<.001), regularity of daytime sleep(p<.001), regularity of nighttime sleep(p<.01), regularity of total daily sleep(p<.001), frequency of nighttime wakenings(p<.001). 4. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on an infant's age, there were some significant differences in the following factors: amount of daytime activity(p<.001), amount of nighttime activity(p<.01), amount of total daily activity(p<.001), longest activity period(p<.05), frequency of nighttime feeding(p<.01), frequency of wakenings(p<.001). 5. The mean amount of a mother's day time was 16.30 hours. The mean amount of a mother's night time was 7.70 hours. In conclusion, the initial irregular sleeping and activity patterns of the early infant became regurized as the infant grew older and estabilished firmer patterns of sleeping and of activity.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 1997

This is descripitive study conducted to identify educational needs of mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients and the degree of the importance of educational activity perceived by nurses who look after nephrotic syndrome patients. The study subjects were composed of 60 mothers & 63 nurses of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Mar. in 1997 to July 1997. A questionaire for this study was item Kikert type 5 point scale, developed on the basis of previous literature and researcher's clinical experience and the reliability of the used instruments was α=.97. The data analysis was done by SAS. t-test, and ANOVA were done to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs. T-test was done to measure relations between the degree of educational needs and importance of educational activity. The results were as follows. 1. The Educational needs of mothers ranked as the highest in home care. 2. In character of mothers, the degree of education, economic state, the number of child and occupation was significant in statistically. 3. The importance of educational activity of nurses ranked the highest in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. 4. The educational needs of nephrotic syn. children' mother and importance of nurses were different in diagnosis and treatment of the disease and home care. On the basis of these results, we suggest as follows. 1. It is proposed that nurses use these results of the study actively for the educational program for Nephrotic Syndrome patients and their mothers. 2. It is suggested to make a comparative study of the degree of nurses' understanding of the importance on educational items with the instruments of this study.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.369-390
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• 2014

This study analyzed the educational contents related with child's human rights in a manual of the Nuri Curriculum for 5-year-olds based on the type and area of activity, 5 areas, and by life theme. The research results are as follows: First, the educational contents on child's human rights in activity type and area showed high frequency in the order of large and small group activity, child selected play activity, and outdoor activity, and among them, right to an education and right to play showed the highest frequency. Second, among the five categories, the area that conducts educational contents on child's human rights was the social relation category, and the area that showed the highest participation was the educational contents on human rights. On the other hand, the areas that were treated the least were physical activity and health. Third, the topic that treated the educational contents related with child's human rights was 'spring, summer, fall, winter,' and 'my family and I' treated educational contents on child's human rights in the lowest frequency. Also, whereas the right to education and right to play showed the highest frequency of educational contents on child's human rights among entire life themes, the educational contents on child's human rights of abuse and neglect(violence) were not treated at all in the entire life themes. Through the results of this study, it will be helpful in planning and deploying activities related with the child's human rights harmoniously, and intends to provide important basic data in organizing activities of human rights program linked with the elementary school. Furthermore, this study intended to provide basic information for developing a program of systematic child's human rights education for children in addition to the curriculum at a national level.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-30
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the awareness of daycare teachers by the nursery school operation performance of the National Competency Standards(NCS). For this purpose, 35 public and private daycare center, home daycare centers and corporation daycare center teachers were randomly sampled in Busan Metropolitan City. We conducted a questionnaire consisting of 230 sub-elements based on 45 sub-competency unit elements extracted from 12 areas of job ability of the national competence standards. Final questionnaires were collected from 117 questionnaires of 28 national daycare teachers, 30 private daycare teachers, 30 home daycare teachers, and 29 corporation daycare teachers. As a result, there was a difference in the awareness of importance among the four groups in all 12 performance capability units. For the 12 job performance units, the importance was recognized in the order of corporate daycare center, national daycare center, home daycare center, and private daycare center. Among them, "Establishment of Child Care Center Management Policy", "Construction of Child Care Service", "Child Care Activity Management", "Infant and Child Playing Guide", "Body and Art Activity Guidance", "Language, Nutritional guidance" there were no differences in the awareness of the importance of corporate daycare teachers and national daycare teachers, and there was no difference between national daycare teachers and home daycare teachers. However, there was a difference between corporate daycare teachers and home daycare teachers.. There is also a difference in the awareness of importance between home daycare teachers and private daycare teachers. In the remaining five job competence units, "Child Care Assessment", "Support for Infant and Toddler Development", "Cooperation with the Home and Community", "Child Care Management", and "Child Care Research", corporation daycare centers, national daycare centers. There was no statistically significant difference in the awareness of importance, but there was a significant difference from the private daycare teachers. Also this tendency was consistently observed in 45 sub-capacity unit elements.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4853-4862
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of child-initiated cooking activity on young children's self-efficacy and learning interest. To achieve this, the child-initiated cooking activity and teacher-initiated cooking activity were performed on an experimental group and comparative group, respectively. A total of sixty-eight subjects in 2 classes of 34 four and five year old children in private child-care centers in Chungnam from September 9 to December 31, 2013 were evaluated. The results were as follows. First, the general self-efficacy of the comparative group increased slightly, but that of the experimental group increased significantly, which showed a statistically significant difference in the general self-efficacy. In addition, the child-initiated cooking activity had an effect on the improvement of the cognitive domain, social-emotional domain and physical domain by each sub-factor. Second, the general learning interest of the comparative group increased slightly, but that of the experimental group increased significantly, in which there was a statistically significant difference in the general learning interest. In addition, the child-initiated cooking activity had an effect on the improvement of attention, interest, confidence, conscientiousness and activity interest by each sub-factor. In the findings stated above, the child-initiated cooking activity was an education activity that had a positive effect on the young children's self-efficacy and learning interest.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.93-108
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• 2001

After-school activities of 817 7th grade children from Kwangju, Busan, and Kumi were studied to determine relations with (a) child, family and contextual variables (b) child's academic achievement and social development. Children were more likely to engage in extracurriculum activites and TV watching than other after-school activities. After-school activities were related to child's, parent's and contextual variables. Child's characteristics related to after-school activities were sex, impulse control, mastery and self-care. family's characteristics related to after-school activities were mother's employment, emotional support, control, monitoring and SES. Region and regional sagy were related to after-school activities. Some of after-school activities were related child's academic achievement and social development. Especially academic activites have a positive and powerful effects on child's academic achievement and social development.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2008

The research was conducted to 100 child patients selected by random sampling, which got a Dentocult-SM test in the first visit and then was being continuously managed, out of child patients of a pediatric clinic located in Gyeonggi-do. The period of there search is one year from June 2007 to May 2008, Using Dentocult-SM test, we analyzed the correlation between the distribution of dental plaque, a streptococcus mutans in saliva and condition of dental caries cavity in the teeth of child patients, then we measured the distribution of a streptococcusmutans. According to SM score, we applied incremental oral heath care for child patients to clinical and obtained the following results, 1. In terms of the age of child patients in research, the number of 3 years old patients was 29(lst ranked), the number of 2 years old patients was 28(2nd ranked). 2. The result of SM score showed that female child patients(52.0%) was higher than male ones in negative, male child patients(52.0%) was higher than female ones in mild, female child patients(68.2%) was higher than male ones in moderate, male child patients(57.1%) was higher than female ones in severe. 3. At the first visit, the SM score showed statistically remarkable difference between dt and dmft. We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 4. At the second visit, the SM score showed statistically remarkable difference among dt, ft, and dmft index We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 5. At the third visit, The SM score showed statistically remarkable difference among dt, ft, and dmft index We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 6. The comparison of dmft index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for negative and mild, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in moderate and severe. 7. The comparison of dt index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for negative, mild, and moderate, In addition to that, we can con firm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in severe. 8. The comparison of mt index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for mild and moderate, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences m severe. 9. The comparison of ft index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for mild, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in negative, moderate, and severe. 10. According to the comparison of dmft index to the age, the 4 years old patients showed the highest number(5.50 in the first visit and 6,08 in the second one). In the third visit, the 6 years old patients showed the highest number(7.00). By the above results, we can find that the incremental oral heath care by SM score makes the results of oral care better. Therefore, the improvement or maintenance in oral health of child patients needs continuing personal oral health management and regular systematic management focused on prevention by the specialist.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.5-23
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting extra expenses incurred by extracurricular activities, prompted by the problem that the financial burden on households for their children's education and child-care is not showing enough signs of being mitigated, despite increased child-care subsidies from the government. Data for this study was obtained from the 4th Panel Study on Korean Children of Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. The analysis of the study shows that 68.5% of the surveyed children were participating in extracurricular activities and the average number of extracurricular activities they took part in was 2.9. The average extracurricular expenditure was 50.000 won. However, based on the findings of the survey, it was statistically significant to find that the number of extracurricular activities the children participated in and the expenditure the households spent on them varied by area. Variables were inserted in a gradual manner in identifying factors influencing households' expenditure on children's extracurricular activities. The results showed that amongst the variables used, the education level of the mother, the employment status of the mother, the type of the child-care support institution, and the household's place of residence featured prominently, with the place-of-residence factor accounting for most of the reason why a household spent the amount it did. The outcome of the study bears four policy implications: First, there is a need for a specific evaluation of the contents and costs of extracurricular activities and supervision and management of such activities. Second, it is necessary for the central government to provide a specific criteria of necessary expense. Third, throughout the child support agency, the courses and costs of special activities should be monitored regularly. Fourth, there should be extracurricular activity support for underprivileged children.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

The sleep is the most important problem for new parents. However, there were very rare the study about sleep of normal neonates and early infants in Korea. So we attempted pilot survey study of neonates' sleep pattern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep pattern of normal neonates in Seoul and Kyungki area and to provide for basis for nursing intervention for parents of them. The subjects of this study were 37 normal full-term neonates of 2~3weeks of age who were visited by researcher or assistant at postpartum care unit, health care clinic, outpatient clinic located in Seoul and Kyungki area from April 20, 1999 to March 15, 2000. This study was descriptive survey study under the convenient sampling method. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by Korean Parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were coded as 1/4hour unit, and analyzed by MS Office Excel program. The result of this study were as followed: 1. The mean amount of total sleep was 15.1hours. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 9.5hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 5.7 hours. The mean amount of longest sleep was 2.9hours. The mean amount of shortest sleep was 0.6hour. 2. The mean amount of total activity was 8.9hours. The mean amount of daytime activity was 6.5 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 2.3hours. The frequency of feeding was 10.4 times a day. The frequency of daytime feeding was 7.3 times. The frequency of nighttime feeding was 3.1 times. It is suggested that various subjects and more data according to age, and comparative study among different cultures are needed for further study in the future.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.477-497
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric property of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire(CBQ), including reliability, content validity, construct validity, cross validity, and concurrent validity with EAS(Emotionality, Activity, Sociability) scale. The CBQ is a caregiver report measure designed to provide a detailed assessment of temperament in children 3 to 7 years of age. In this study, two groups of participants were included to check cross validity. The first group of participants were 108 preschoolers, 3 to 7 years of age attending kindergartens or child care centers, and their mothers. The second group of participants were 168 preschoolers and their mothers. The CBQ subscales demonstrate adequate internal consistencies. Also, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the CBQ scale reliably recover a three-factor solution indicating three broad dimension of temperament: extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Evidence for concurrent validity derives from results of correlation analysis with EAS scale.