• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2001

환경에서 병원성 미생물의 발생에 관련된 자료를 분석하는 일은 잠재적 보건 위해성을 판단하고 그에 따른 적절한 조치를 취하는데 종종 결정적인 역할을 한다. 이러한 일들은 과거에는 주로 정성적이고, 주관적인 방법으로 이루어 졌지만, 최근에는 정량적 위해성 평가(Quantitative Risk Assessment: QRA)로 이루어지는데, 이러한 QRA는 병원성 미생물로부터의 감염이나 발병, 또는 치사율 등의 위해성을 정량적인 방법으로 표현하는 접근법이다. 따라서, 이와 같은 정보는 정책 결정권자가 위해성의 확대와 비용부담, 그리고 적절한 조치를 취했을 때 기대할 수 있는 이점을 결정하는데 보다 더 잘 이용할 수 있다. 본 문에서는 위해성 분석의 과제에 대한 일반적인 배경을 살펴보고 문제해결 과정에서 미생물 위해성 평가가 어떻게 활용 가능한지를 살펴보았다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2015

반도체 관련 산업의 발전에 따라 반도체 제조공정에서 염산, 황산, 과산화수소, 불산, 피라니아 등과 같은 다양한 형태의 유독 가스와 화합물들이 사용되고 있고 누출 사고 역시 빈번하게 발생되고 있는 것이 사실이다. 유독 가스 누출사고 발생시 대량의 인명 피해가 발생되고 있는 것 역시 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 구미 불산 누출 사고와 같은 화학물질 누출 사고의 위험으로부터 인명을 보호하고 피해를 최소화 하기 위한 기본 해결책으로 대학에서의 MSDS 교육의 필요성에 대해 고찰하였다. 또한 GHS와 REACH 제도와 MSDS 이용의 적정성의 이해를 통해 유해 화학 물질의 노출로부터 안전을 지키는 문제에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2001

For handling and storage of reactive chemicals, the hazard evaluations have been extremely important. In the chemical industry, the most concerns are focused on the thermal harzards such as runaway reactions and thermal decompositions, which are mostly governed by thermodynamics and reaction kinetics or these reactive chemical in the system. This study no investigated the thermal decomposition characteristics of nitrophenylhydrazine isomers by using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC). Experimental results showed that exothermic onset-temperatures in nitrophenylhydrazine(NPH) isomers were about 160-$210^{\circ}C$ by DSC and 100-$150^{\circ}C$ by ARC. The decomposition temperature acquired by ARC was about 50-$60^{\circ}C$ lower than that by DSC. Reaction heats were about 40-100cal/g by DSC and 330-750ca1/g by ARC. While ortho isomer of NPH show two distinct exothermic peaks, para isomer shows a single peak in DSC curves. The first exothermic peak for 2-NPH is mainly due to intramolecular dehydration forming 1-hydroxybenzotriazole(HOBT) and the second exothermic peak is mainly due to the decomposition of HOBT formed in the first step of decomposition. The exothermin peak in the DSC curve for 4-NPH is mainly due to dissociation of hydrazino and nitro groups.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1993

Two major hazardous gases. SOx and NOx. are emissioned from fossile fuels. SOx has been removed when oil is refined but NOx hasn't. So NOx is very serious problem in air pollution now There are several technologies to remove NOx. e.g. cooling method. scrubbers method. combustion method, polymer membrane method and adsorbent methods. Polymer membrane and adsorbent methods have good economic merit in removal systems of low content hazard gases. Traditional absorbents are porous silicas, aluminas. active carbon and zeolites. But these absorbents act only physisorption which has less removal performance than chemisorption. In this study. polymeric absorbent which has chemisorption as well as physisorption was analyzed about chemical structure and experimented about optimum operation conditions. The results showed that the chemical structure of the polymeric absorbent was expected as polystyrene having -N-CH$_2$COOH absorbent was revealed about 310$m^2$/g. The molar ratio of absored NO to charged NO in absorption experiments was shown 60% of the polymeric absorbent and 45% of zeolite absorbent at 3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.397-414
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• 2021

The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don't eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.502-511
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• 1997

This study was to Investigate the consumer's understanding and purchasing foods, which were produced by organic agricultured method. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When shopping foods, the items which were deeply considered were taste of family and food safety. 2 Contaminants which were considered to be dangerous were, in decreasing order, agricultural chemical residue, food additives, environmental contaminant, and microbial hazard. Consumer's perception to agricultural chemical residue In foods was 'be much serious' and over 4.0 by Likert 5 scale. 3. Among of characteristics which was associated with organic farmming foods, taste and nutrition were considered the least important characteristic, whereas safety and good health were considered the most important characteristic. 4. The foods which were thought to be polluted by agricultural chemical residue were, in decreasing order fruit, vegetable, cereal, egg, meat, milk, and fish & shellfish. 5. The respondants' purchasing degree for organic farmming foods was 'often purchase' and 3.44 by Likert 5 scale. These result showed significant difference for age(p＜0.05), for education level (p＜0.05), for income(p＜0.05) and for food expenditure(p＜0.05), respectively 6. The type of organic farmming food which frequently purchased were, in decreasing order, vegetable. fruit, egg, cereal, milk, and meat. The reasons why consumer purchased organic farmming food were, in decreasing order, no pesticide/therbicides, no artifical fertilizer, no growth regulators, residue free, and good quality. 7. 78% of respondants Indicated that they bought organic farmming food in this year increasely or same as last year and 91.9% of respondants Indicated that they plan to buy organic farmming foods in next year.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.84-97
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• 1983

Under the limited arable land, the enhancement of agricultural productivity is indispensable to provide the food demand which is concomitant with the rapid increase in population. From this viewpoint, the upbringing and dissemination of high-yielding varieties has been promoted continuously and several modifications in cultural practices, including heavy fertilization, dense planting, and early transplanting, also have been gradually developed. However these changes in cultivation have led to the increased outbreak of insect pests and diseases. And this unexpected results have accelerated the number and complexity of pesticides employed as well as their consumption. Even though pesticides are essential materials contributing to the steady production of agricultural crops, large scale consumption of them has given rise to several adverse impacts, such as mammalian hazard and/or environmental contamination. In this respect, recent development of new pesticides has been concentrated on 'safe pesticide', as it were, that has the highly selective properties without unfavorable side influences on other ecosystem. According to literature cited up to now, feasibilities of safe pesticide development would be summarized as two categories. One of them is the development of chemical pesticides, which include the molecular structure modification of established pesticides for increased safety and synthesis of new safe chemicals which can attack the vulnerable point of physio-ecological characteristics in insect pests and diseases. The other is the biological pesticides which comprise natural enemies and microorganisms to act selectively on confined insect pests and diseases, In addition, improvement of physico-chemical properties of available pesticide formulations would be one of the desirable means for safe pesticide development in view of efficacy enhancement and minimization of hazardous properties or safe pesticide development, various approaches are feasible and needed to study, however, long period and much financial outlay are necessary to develop a new item. And under the present situation in Korea, there are many difficulties for performing research on all the possible routes. Therefore, combined pesticides by the reasonable combination of already registered resticides evaluated as the fairly safe pesticides and safe formulation based on their physico-chemical properties would be developed primarily. And many efforts would be given gradually for the development of new chemical and biological pesticides.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess environmental risk on the emerging contaminants of concern, such as ivermetin, parziquantel, tamiflu and triclosan. Furthermore, we tried to provide a more efficient management practice and a basis for future studies of risk assessment on those substances. Methods: Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) and predicted environmental concentration (PEC) were determined through modeling and literature reviews. Environmental risk assessment was evaluated by calculating HQ (hazard quotient) by a comparison of PEC (or measured environmental concentration (MEC)) and PNEC. Results: HQ value of tamiflu calculated from MEC was 1.9E-03. For ivermectin and triclosan, the HQ values were not available because these were not detected in the aquatic environment. The toxicity of ivermectin and triclosan showed a very low value, indicating a high level of HQ. However, praziquantel can be categorized into the material that do not require management since they have less than HQ 1. Conclusion: Based on the results of the initial risk assessment, it is assumed that the ivermectin and triclosan have potential to cause direct adverse effects on the aquatic environment. To conduct an accurate environmental risk assessment, the further study on PEC estimation of such contaminants should be actively carried out.

• 암석학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2008

지표지질의 지구화학적 변화 추적과 고고학 유물의 원료(점토질 토양)의 기원지를 밝혀내기 위한 도구로서의 희토류원소의 역할을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험용 지질시료로는 화강암과 편마암 그리고 이들로부터의 화학적 풍화과정을 거친 풍화암과 풍화토양을 선택하여 이들의 화학조성변화를 비교하였고, 고고학적 응용을 위한 시료로는 점토질 토양과 이를 이용하여 제조한 토기 및 도기를 채취하여 이들의 화학조성변화를 비교하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 일반적인 화학조성간의 상대적인 비교로는 암석-풍화암-토양 혹은 점토질 토양-토기-도기로의 변화에 따른 지구화학적 특성변화의 상관성이 없는 반면에 PAAS(Post Archean Australian Shale)로 규격화한 희토류원소 분포도는 거의 동일한 양상을 띄었다. 이는 희토류원소의 분포도가 다른 지구화학적 연구기법에 기법에 비해 퇴적물의 기원물질 혹은 고고학적 유물의 재료를 밝혀내는데 더 유용함을 지시해준다고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2011

열매체유는 화학공장의 가열시스템, 열교환 시스템, 가스플랜트 공정, 사출성형 시스템 및 펄프제지 공정 등에 사용된다. 열매체유는 고열이나 산화분해에 아주 안정하고 저항성이 있으며, 누출이나 방출의 경우 점화원을 만나면 쉽게 발화한다. 본 논문은 열메체유의 신유와 사용유에 대해 인화성과 열적 안정성을 고찰하였다. 열매체유의 인화성은 인화점과 자연발화점을 측정하여 평가하였고, 열적안정성은 열안정성시험기와 시차주사열량기를 사용하여 평가하였다. 실험결과로부터 열매체유의 적절한 사용과 취급과 관련된 안전대책 수립을 위해 화재 위험 특성을 제시하였다.