• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.477-483
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• 2023

The flowers of Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower) were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol (CTex) and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc (CTE), n-BuOH (CTB), and H₂O (CTW) fractions. Repeated silica gel (SiO₂) and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions led to isolation of four flavonol glycosides. Nuclear magnetic resornance, infrarad spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy revealed the chemical structure of the isolated compounds, astragalin (1), isoquercetin (2), nicotiflorin (3), and rutin (4). Quantitative analysis of four isolated compounds in CTex was performed by HPLC. CTex was found to contain 1 at 0.107, 2 at 0.367, 3 at 6.752, and 4 at 0.991 mg/g, respectively. Through this study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the protective effect on pancreatic islets of the extract, solvent fractions, and all isolated compounds using a zebrafish larvae damaged by alloxan. Pancreatic islet size treated with EtOAc (CTE), n-BuOH (CTB), and H₂O (CTW) fractions and compounds 1-4 significantly increased compared to the alloxan-induced group. These results indicate that C. tinctorius flowers and its isolated compounds are used as potential anti-diabetic agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2009

Antimicrobial activity of UlGeum (Curcuma longa L.) was investigated. Methanol extract of dried UlGeum was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction. The antimicrobial activity of five crude fractions were examined using impregnated paper disk agar diffusion. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms such as B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, L. monocytogenes and V. parahaemolyticus at 1,000 ${\mu}g$/disc. Ethyl acetate fraction was further fractionated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The antimicrobial compound was isolated from their fractions and its chemical structure was identified as a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran by GC-MS and $^1H$-NMR.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.951-962
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• 2015

To develop environment-friendly agricultural products with anti-microbial activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a pathogen of sclerotium disease, Aristolochia tagala Champ. was extracted by methanol and its extract was fractionated into several solvent fractions. The chloroform fraction, which showed the highest antimicrobial activity, was separated by column chromatography and obtained forty three subfractions. The forty three fractions were searched the anti-fungal activities by bioassay. The most active No. 26 subfraction was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to MS database of Wiley library. As a result, 2,4-di-tetra-butyl-phenol, 2-mono-palmitin, 1-mono-stearin were profiled as maine compounds in No. 26 subfraction. Bioassay using commercial 1-mono-stearin to test for the anti-microbial activity conformed the antimicrobial active compound. In conclusion, 1-mono-stearin identified from Aristolochia tagala Champ. was antimicrobial chemical against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.887-896
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• 2015

To develop environment-friendly agricultural products with anti-microbial activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a pathogen of sclerotium disease, Usnea longissima was extracted by methanol and its extract was fractionated into several solvent fractions. The chloroform fraction, which showed the highest antimicrobial activity, was separated by silica gel-column chromatography and obtained into nine group subfractions. The nine group fractions were searched the antifungal activities by bioassay. The most active No. 3 subfraction was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to database of Wiley library. As a result, Usnic acid was identified as main compounds. In conclusion, Usnic acid isolated from Usnea longissima was antimicrobial chemical against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a pathogen of sclerotium disease.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 1996

For the screening and the development of the new bio-material, cultural conditions for the exo-biopolymer (EBP) production throught the submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium were investigated. Also, the fractionations and the purifications of the exo-biopolymer were carried out and the chemical compositions of the exo-biopolymer were examined. The optimal culture conditions for the exo-biopolymer production were pH 5.0, 30$^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm of agitation speed in the medium containing of 5% (w/v) glucose, 0.5%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.1% (w/v) ($(NH_4)_2HPO_4$, and 0.05% (w/v) $KH_2PO_4$. In the flask cultivation for 7 days under these conditions, the concentration of the maximum exo-biopolymer and the cell mass were 15.4g/l and 18.8g/l, respectively. The specific growth rate was 0.039 $hr^{-1}$. In addition, the substrate consumption rate, and the exo-biopolymer production rate were 0.043$gg^{-1}$$hr^{-1}$ and 0.025$gg^{-1}$$hr^{-1}$, respectively. The exo-biopolymer was fractionated into BWS (water soluble exo-biopolymer) and BWI (water insoluble exo-biopolymer) by the water extraction, and the sugar contents of two fractions were higher than 97% (based on dry basis). The components sugar of BWS and BWI fractions were glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and fucose. Their molar ratios were 3.6:1.5:2.1:0.5: trace and 2.9:3.1:2.0:1.6:0.3, respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Sageretia thea is traditionally used as a medicinal herb to treat various diseases, including skin disorders, in China and Korea. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Sageretia thea fruit on melanogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. The active chemical compounds in anti-melanogenesis were determined in Sageretia thea. MATERIALS/METHODS: Solvent fractions from the crude extract were investigated for anti-melanogenic activities. These activities and the mechanism of anti-melanogenesis in B16F10 cells were examined by determining melanin content and tyrosinase activity, and by performing western blotting. RESULTS: The n-hexane fraction of Sageretia thea fruit (HFSF) exhibited significant anti-melanogenic activity among the various solvent fractions without reducing viability of B16F10 cells. The HFSF suppressed the expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1). The reduction of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression by the HFSF was mediated by the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ($GSK3{\beta}$) signaling pathway, which promotes the reduction of ${\beta}-catenin$. Treatment with the $GSK3{\beta}$ inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) restored HFSF-induced inhibition of MITF expression. The HFSF bioactive constituents responsible for anti-melanogenic activity were identified by bioassay-guided fractionation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis as methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that HFSF and its constituents, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, could be used as whitening agents in cosmetics and have potential for treating hyperpigmentation disorders in the clinic.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2004

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) growing on Carpinus laxiflora BL. on proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Aqueous extract and its $(NH_2)_2SO_4$ saturated fractions of the mistletoe exhibited potent anti-proliferation activity against HL-60 cells. Moreover, when HL-60 cells were treated with 0~30% and 30～70% $(NH_2)_2SO_4$ saturated fractions of the mistletoe, HL-60 expressed CD 66b or CD 14 cell surface antigens and showed activity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, indicating that mistletoe induces the differentiation of HL-60 into granulocytes or monocytes. To understand how mistletoe induces the differentiation, we investigated the expression of molecules for modulating the proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cells, such as c-Myc and myeloblastin. The 0~30% $(NH_2)_2SO_4$ saturated fraction of the mistletoe reduced the mRNA levels of c-Myc and myeloblastin in a time-dependent manner. The results indicate that the mistletoe induces the differentiation of HL-60 cells via the decrease of c-Myc and myeloblastin expressions. Thus, it is suggested that mistletoe has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.313-316
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• 2016

Sparassis crispa fruits were extracted in 80 % MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned into EtOAc, n-butyl alcohol, and water fractions. The repeated octadecyl $SiO_2$ and silica gel ($SiO_2$) column chromatographies for the EtOAc and nbutyl alcohol fractions led to isolation of two ergosterol peroxides. There chemical structures were determined as ($3{\beta}$,$5{\alpha}$,$8{\alpha}$,22E)-5,8-Epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (ergosterol peroxide) (1) and 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl ergosterol peroxide (2) based on spectroscopic data analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were for the first time isolated from S. crispa in this study.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2016

The fruits of Morus alba L. were extracted with 80 % aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned into EtOAc, n-butyl alcohol, and water fractions. The repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$) and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for the EtOAc and n-butyl alcohol fractions led to isolation of two phenolic compounds. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined as Diels-Alder type adducts, mulberrofuran E (1) and chalcomoracin (2) based on spectroscopic data analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrometry. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from the fruits of M. alba L. in this study.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.147-150
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• 2009

The fruit body of Phellinus linteus was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned using EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, three phenolic compounds were isolated through repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatography. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as 2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-aldehyde (1), 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (2), and protocatechuic acid methyl ester (3) by spectroscopic data including NMR, MS and IR. Compounds $1{\sim}3$ exhibited low density lipoprotein (LDL) antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 1.7, 0.7, and $2.4{\mu}M$, respectively.