• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Hyulboochucke-tang on the collagenase induced intracerebral hemorrhage in white rats. Methods To identify the effect of the Hyulboochucke-tang on intracerebral hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage was induced in the right caudate nuclei of white rats. For normal group (n=12) and comparative group (n=12), saline was dosed, and vaccum evaporated Hyulboochucke-tang extract was dosed to treatment group (n=12), 3 and 10 days after the collagenase injection, the body weight, the brain weight, the size of hematoma, the size of the area of malacia, the number of apoptotic cell and the change in pathological histology were observed. Results 3 days after the injection, the brain weight(g) was considerably decreased in treatment group (n=12) compared to comparative group (n=12). The brain weight after 10 days of the injection was also considerably decreased in treatment group (n=6) against comparative group (n=6). The cross section(mm) of cerebral malacia after 10 days of the injection was considerably decreased in treatment group (n=6) compared to comparative group (n=6). The number of apoptotic cell in normal intracerebral around the area of malacia did not show considerable change between treatment group and comparative group. 12 days after the injection, the multiplication of gitter cells, astrocyte and newly formed capillaries around the area of malacia was distinct. Conclusions On the basis of these results, We sugggest that Hyulboochucke-tang controls swelling caused by hemorrhage and contributes to absorption of hematoma by multiplication of newly formed capillaries and recovery of damaged cerebral tissue by multiplication of gitter cells and astrocyte.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.50-53
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• 2012

Purpose: The Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a rare disease entity that was first reported in 1993, and it is characterized by not only the cerebral hemiatrophy that is accompanied by the ipsilateral ventriculomegaly and ipsilateral compensatory osseous hypertrophy, but also the overgrowth of the paranasal sinuses. No studies have attempted to examine it from perspectives of the skull deformity and plastic surgery. Here, we report our case with a review of the literatures. Methods: A 45-year-old man with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson visited our medical institution with nasal bone fracture. Based on the previously taken brain MRI scans, we measured the degree of craniofacial deformity, and the horizontal distance, which is based on the margin of the skull, as well as the falx cerebri. Results: We made a comparison of the degree of craniofacial deformity. This showed that the mean horizontal distance on the axial view was shorter by approximately 28.46%, as compared with that of the left unaffected side. Conclusion: The Dyke-Davidoff-Masson is characterized by a concurrent presence of the atrophy of the cerebral hemisphere, with the cranial deformity. For the reconstruction of the bone and soft-tissue deformity with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome, it is needed to perform objective assessments.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.263-273
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate effect of scalp acupuncture (SA) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intervention on neuromotor function in photothrombotic cerebral infarction (PCI) rat model. Sixty male SD rats were used. PCI was induced on M1 cortex of right frontal lobe. SA was performed at the Qianding (GV21), Xuanli (GB6) acupoints of ipsilesional M1. Low-frequency rTMS was delivered to contralesional M1. All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, normal (n, 15); group B, PCI without any stimulation intervention (n, 15); group C, PCI with SA (n, 15); group D, PCI with rTMS (n, 15). Rota-rod test and Ladder rung walking test (LWT) were done weekly for 8 weeks after PCI. SA or rTMS was started from post-PCI 4^th day as protocol for 8 weeks. H/E stain and IHC were done. Western blot and qRT-PCR study were performed for MAP2 and BDNF from ipsilesional M1 peri-infarction tissue. Brain MRI study was conducted to quantify the volume of cerebral infarction. As a result, left forelimb and hindlimb function significantly improved more in group C and D than control group, with expressed more BDNF and MAP2. And brain MRI showed focal infarction of right M1 after PCI, and infarction volume progressively decreased in group C and D than group B from post-PCI 5^th to 8^th week. SA or rTMS was more effective than no intervention group on neuromotor function of PCI rat model. The functional recovery was associated with stimulation intervention-related neurogenesis.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.484-492
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• 1996

허혈성 뇌 병변에서 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate의 섭취에 관한 연구를 하기 위하여 중뇌동맥 폐쇄 쥐 뇌허혈 모델을 재관류한 군과 하지 않은 군으로 나누어 만들었다. $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate와 [$^{18}F$]FDG를 연속적으로 투여하여 그 분포 양상을 이중 자가방사촬영법으로 관찰하였다. 조직의 괴사 여부를 알기 위하여 TTC 염색도 실시하여 동일한 뇌표본에 대하여 3가지의 영상을 동시에 얻을 수가 있었다. 얻은 영상으로 섭취 또는 비섭취정도를 보아 0점에서 3점까지 점수를 매겨 합하여 비교하였다. 수술한 쥐들 18마리 중 10마리가 신경학적 증상을 보이면서 살아남아 실험대상이 되었다. TTC 염색으로 확인한 경색크기는 재관류하지 않은 군이 컸다. [$^{18}F$]FDG 섭취양상은 TTC 염색과 거의 비슷하였다. 다만 일부에서 TTC 염색되는 곳에 [$^{18}F$]FDG 가 중간정도로 섭취되는 곳이 있었고 TTC 염색되지 않는 곳에 [$^{18}F$]FDG가 중간정도 섭취되는 곳이 있었다. TTC로 염색된 부위에는 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate가 섭취되지 않았다. TTC로 염색되지 않는 곳에 일부분 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate가 섭취되었다. TTC와 [$^{18}F$]FDG가 염색되거나 섭취되지 않는 곳에 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate가 섭취되지 않는 곳이 있었다. 그러나 [$^{18}F$]FDG의 중간 정도의 섭취나 [$^{18}F$]FDG와 TTC사이에 부합하지 않는 곳 등과 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate 섭취와 대응시키기 어려웠다 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate가 재관류 군에서 더 넓고 많이 섭취되었다. 결론적으로 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate는 비생존 허혈조직에만 섭취되는데 관류재개통에 따라 다양하게 섭취되었고 재관류모델에 더 많이 넓게 섭취되었다. 중뇌동맥폐색 및 재관류 모델로 $^{99m}Tc,\;^{18}F$ 및 TTC 동시영상을 얻어 생존능과 포도당대사의 부합 비부합 여부를 밝히고 그 의의를 조사한 후 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate섭취와 상관을 조사하면 $^{99m}Tc$-glucarate섭취의 의의를 밝힐 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2002

목적 급성 허혈성 뇌졸중에서 관류 MR영상으로 측정한 상대적 뇌혈용적과 단광자방출전산화단층촬영으로 측정한 상대적 뇌혈류량이 나중에 발생할 뇌경색을 예측할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 급성 일측성 중대뇌동맥 폐색 환자에서 증상 발생 6시간 이내에 관류 MR영상과 99mTc-HMPAO 단광자방출전산화단층촬영을 모두 시행한 13명을 대상으로 하였다. 동맥 폐색에 의한 허혈 부위와 반대측 정상 부위에서 각 관류 변수를 측정하여 그 비(허혈 부위 관류변수 값 / 정상 부위 관류 변수 값)를 구한 후, 나중에 경색으로 이행할 부위와 그렇지 않을 부위를 판별할 수 있는 관류변수 비의 절단값을 계산하였다. 결과 : 경색으로 이행한 부위와 그렇지 않은 부위에서 상대적 뇌혈용적 비의 평균값은 각각 $0.58{\pm}0.27{\;}and{\;}0.99{\pm}0.17$ (p<0.001)이었고, 상대적 뇌혈류량 비의 평균 값은 $0.41{\pm}0.22{\;}and{\;}0.71{\pm}0.14$ (p<0.001)이었다. 경색으로 이행할 부위와 그렇지 않을 부위를 판별하는 절단값은 상대적 뇌혈용적 비가 0.80, 상대적 뇌혈류량 비가 0.56이었다. 각 절단값의 민감도, 특이도, 능률은 뇌혈용적 비가 80.6, 87.5, 82.7%이었고 상대적 뇌혈류량 비가 72.2, 75.0, 73.0%이었다. (두 관류변수 사이에서 p>0.05). 결론 : 급성 허혈성 뇌졸중에서 상대적 뇌혈용적과 상대적 뇌혈류량의 측정은 뇌경색의 발생을 예측하는 데에 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1997

본 연구는 carbofuran이 흰쥐의 신장, 간 및 뇌조직내 각종 세포의 미세구조에 미치는 독성을 비교${\cdot}$관찰하고, 더불어 phenobarbital sodium(PB) 및 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC)이 carbofuran의 독성에 어떠한 보상효과를 갖고 있는지를 밝히고자 각 실험동물에 carbofuran과 PB 및 3-MC 단독 또는 carbofuran과 PB 및 carbofura과 3-MC를 조합 투여한 후 경시적으로 각 조직을 적출하여 광학 현미경으로 관찰을 하였다. 신장에서의 carbofuran단독투여균의 경우 투여후 48시간까지 신장소체의 많은 세뇨관들이 폐쇄되는 독성이 나타났으나 Carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC의 조합처리군의 경우 각각 투여후 6시간부터 다소 재생되기 시작하여 48시간 후에는 현저히 회복되는 경향이었다. 간에서의 carbofuran 단독투여군의 경우 투여후 48시간까지 간세포에 퇴행성변화인 괴사 및 심한 변성이 관찰되었으나 Carbofuran과 PB 또는 6시간후부터 간세포들의 재생이 뚜렷하였다. 뇌에서의 carbofuran 단독투여군의 경우 투여후 48시간까지 퇴행성변화 및 대뇌피질의 모세혈관 확장이 나타났으나 Carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC의 조합처리군의 경우 투여후 6시간후 이후에는 대조군과 유사하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 PB와 3-MC 모두 carbofuran에 의한 쥐의 조직독성을 감소시킬수 있는 물질임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate protective effect of Sophora Subprostrata against transient global ischemic damage after 5-min two vessel occlusion. Methods : Gerbils were divided into three groups: Normal group, 5-min two vessel occlusion (2VO) group, Sophora Subprostrata administrated group after 2VO. The CCAs were occluded by microclip for 5min. Sophora Subprostrata was administrated orally(12mg/ml) for 7 days after 2VO. The histological and immunohistochemistrical analysis was performed at 72 hours and 7 days after the surgery each. For histological analysis, the brain tissue was stained with 1% cresyl violet solution and Immunohistochemistry for BAX and Bcl-2 was carried out to examine effect of Sophora Subprostrata on ischemic brain tissue. Results : The results showed that (1) Sophora Subprostrata has the protective effect against ischemia in CA1 area of the gerbil hippocampus 7 days after 5-minute occlusion, (2) the treatment of Sophora Subprostrata inhibits the expression of Bax relatively after 2VO-induced ischemia. That protective effect of the Sophora Subprostrata seems to be performed by regulating the proportion of Bax and Bcl-2 protein, (3) in hypoxia/reperfusion model using PC12 cell, the Sophora Subprostrata extract has the protective effect against ischemia in the dose of $2{\mu}/m{\ell}$ and $20{\mu}/m{\ell}$.This study suggests that Sophora Subprostrata has neuroprotective effect against neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia in vivo with a widely used experimental model of cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils and that Sophora Subprostrata regulates the proportion of Bax and Bcl-2 protein following ischemia. And, Sophora Subprostrata extract has protective effects also on a hypoxia/reperfusion cell culture model using PC12 cell. Conclusions : Sophora Subprostrata has protective effects against ischemic brain damage at the early stage of ischemia.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1161-1171
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion tensor (DT) imaging-derived properties of benign oligemia, true "at risk" penumbra (TP), and the infarct core (IC) during the first 3 hours of stroke onset. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the local animal care and use committee. DT imaging data were obtained from 14 rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) using a 7T magnetic resonance scanner (Bruker) in room air. Relative cerebral blood flow and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated to define oligemia, TP, IC, and normal tissue (NT) every 30 minutes up to 3 hours. Relative fractional anisotropy (rFA), pure anisotropy (rq), diffusion magnitude (rL), ADC (rADC), axial diffusivity (rAD), and radial diffusivity (rRD) values were derived by comparison with the contralateral normal brain. Results: The mean volume of oligemia was $24.7{\pm}14.1mm^3$, that of TP was $81.3{\pm}62.6mm^3$, and that of IC was $123.0{\pm}85.2mm^3$ at 30 minutes after pMCAO. rFA showed an initial paradoxical 10% increase in IC and TP, and declined afterward. The rq, rL, rADC, rAD, and rRD showed an initial discrepant decrease in IC (from -24% to -36%) as compared with TP (from -7% to -13%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in metrics, except rFA, were found between tissue subtypes in the first 2.5 hours. The rq demonstrated the best overall performance in discriminating TP from IC (accuracy = 92.6%, area under curve = 0.93) and the optimal cutoff value was -33.90%. The metric values for oligemia and NT remained similar at all time points. Conclusion: Benign oligemia is small and remains microstructurally normal under pMCAO. TP and IC show a distinct evolution of DT-derived properties within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, and are thus potentially useful in predicting the fate of ischemic brain.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2013

Objectives : Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an active ingredient in Ligusticum wallichii and has a wide range of neuroprotection effects. This study investigated anti-neuroinflammatory effect of TMP on brain regions in intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Methods : TMP was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg at 1 h prior to LPS (3 mg/kg) i.c.v. injection. mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6, was measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus tissue using real-time polymerase chain reaction at 24 h after the LPS injection. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) positive cells in the hypothalamus was also observed using immunohistochemistry at 24 h after the LPS injection. Results : At a dose of 30 mg/kg TMP significantly attenuated up-regulation of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA in the cerebral cortex and IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA in the hippocampus. In the hypothalamus, doses of 20 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg TMP significantly attenuated up-regulation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 mRNA induced by the LPS injection. In addition, TMP (30 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of COX-2 positive cells in the hypothalamus. Conclusion : These results indicate that TMP has an anti-inflammatory effect on neuroinflammation, especially in the hypothalamus, induced by LPS i.c.v. injection and suggest that TMP-containing Ligusticum wallichii may play a modulatory role on the systemic responses following hypothalamic inflammation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.514-521
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• 2007

교감신경차단은 지배영역에 대한 혈류를 증가시킨다. 이러한 이유로, 교감신경차단은 신경학적 질병이나 뇌질환 등에 시술되어 왔다. 그러나, 개에서 앞쪽목신경절 차단에 의한 뇌혈류의 조절은 잘 알려져 있지 않으며 뇌 순환의 변화와 뇌파의 변화에 대한 상관관계는 아직까지 개에서 잘 정의되어 있지 않다. 그래서, 우리는 뇌파의 변화는 개에서 앞쪽목신경절 차단에 의한 뇌혈류의 변화에 영향을 받을 수 있을 거라는 가설을 검증하였다. 25두의 비글견을 3개의 군으로 나누었다. I군(LCCGB, n=10)은 1% lidocaine을 이용하여 좌측 앞쪽목신경절을 차단하였다. II군(L, n=10)은 1% lidocaine을 좌 우측 두힘살근 내에 주입하였다. III군(N/SCCGB, n=5, 대조군)은 좌측 앞쪽목신경절을 생리식염수를 이용하여 차단하였다. 95% SEF와 MF에서는 대조군과 LCCGB군에서 통계적 차이가 없었다. 상대적 주파수 영역에서는 $\delta$ 주파수는 5-25분 사이에 감소하였으며, $\alpha$ 주파수는 같은 시간 동안 증가 하였다(p<0.05). 그러나, $\theta$ 주파수와 $\beta$ 주파수는 같은 시간대 대조군에 비해 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과는 좌측 앞쪽목신경절 차단은 뇌혈류의 변화를 유발하지 못하며 그 자체의 효과는 불확실 하다는 것을 제시한다.