Acknowledgement
Supported by : Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
References
- Hossmann KA, Heiss WD, Bewermeyer H, Mies G. EEG frequency analysis in the course of acute ischemic stroke. Neurosurg Rev 1980;3:31-36 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01644416
- Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, Brozman M, Davalos A, Guidetti D, et al.; ECASS Investigators. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1317-1329 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0804656
- Albers GW, Thijs VN, Wechsler L, Kemp S, Schlaug G, Skalabrin E, et al.; DEFUSE Investigators. Magnetic resonance imaging profiles predict clinical response to early reperfusion: the diffusion and perfusion imaging evaluation for understanding stroke evolution (DEFUSE) study. Ann Neurol 2006;60:508-517 https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20976
- Heiss WD. Ischemic penumbra: evidence from functional imaging in man. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000;20:1276-1293 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200009000-00002
- Albers GW, Lansberg MG, Kemp S, Tsai JP, Lavori P, Christensen S, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial of endovascular therapy following imaging evaluation for ischemic stroke (DEFUSE 3). Int J Stroke 2017;12:896-905 https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493017701147
- Butcher KS, Parsons M, MacGregor L, Barber PA, Chalk J, Bladin C, et al.; EPITHET Investigators. Refining the perfusion-diffusion mismatch hypothesis. Stroke 2005;36:1153-1159 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000166181.86928.8b
- Goyal M, Menon BK, Derdeyn CP. Perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke: let us improve the science before changing clinical practice. Radiology 2013;266:16-21 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12112134
- Sakai K, Yamada K, Nagakane Y, Mori S, Nakagawa M, Nishimura T. Diffusion tensor imaging may help the determination of time at onset in cerebral ischaemia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009;80:986-990 https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2008.163584
- Puig J, Blasco G, Daunis-I-Estadella J, Thomalla G, Castellanos M, Soria G, et al. Increased corticospinal tract fractional anisotropy can discriminate stroke onset within the first 4.5 hours. Stroke 2013;44:1162-1165 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.678110
- Chiang T, Messing RO, Chou WH. Mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Vis Exp 2011;(48). pii: 2761
- Kuo DP, Lu CF, Liou M, Chen YC, Chung HW, Chen CY. Differentiation of the infarct core from ischemic penumbra within the first 4.5 hours, using diffusion tensor imagingderived metrics: a rat model. Korean J Radiol 2017;18:269-278 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2017.18.2.269
- Ostergaard L, Weisskoff RM, Chesler DA, Gyldensted C, Rosen BR. High resolution measurement of cerebral blood flow using intravascular tracer bolus passages. Part I: mathematical approach and statistical analysis. Magn Reson Med 1996;36:715-725 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910360510
- Lee EK, Choi SH, Yun TJ, Kang KM, Kim TM, Lee SH, et al. Prediction of response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in glioblastoma: application of immediate post-operative dynamic susceptibility contrast and diffusionweighted MR imaging. Korean J Radiol 2015;16:1341-1348 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2015.16.6.1341
- Calamante F, Gadian DG, Connelly A. Quantification of perfusion using bolus tracking magnetic resonance imaging in stroke: assumptions, limitations, and potential implications for clinical use. Stroke 2002;33:1146-1151 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000014208.05597.33
- Wu O, Ostergaard L, Weisskoff RM, Benner T, Rosen BR, Sorensen AG. Tracer arrival timing-insensitive technique for estimating flow in MR perfusion-weighted imaging using singular value decomposition with a block-circulant deconvolution matrix. Magn Reson Med 2003;50:164-174 https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10522
- Sakai K, Yamada K, Oouchi H, Nishimura T. Numerical simulation model of hyperacute/acute stage white matter infarction. Magn Reson Med Sci 2008;7:187-194 https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.7.187
- Shereen A, Nemkul N, Yang D, Adhami F, Dunn RS, Hazen ML, et al. Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging and neuropathological correlation in a murine model of hypoxia-ischemia-induced thrombotic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011;31:1155-1169 https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2010.212
- Bratane BT, Walvick RP, Corot C, Lancelot E, Fisher M. Characterization of gadolinium-based dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion measurements in permanent and transient MCAO models with volumetric based validation by CASL. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010;30:336-342 https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.218
- Henninger N, Bouley J, Nelligan JM, Sicard KM, Fisher M. Normobaric hyperoxia delays perfusion/diffusion mismatch evolution, reduces infarct volume, and differentially affects neuronal cell death pathways after suture middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007;27:1632-1642 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600463
- Yao X, Yu T, Liang B, Xia T, Huang Q, Zhuang S. Effect of increasing diffusion gradient direction number on diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking in the human brain. Korean J Radiol 2015;16:410-418 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2015.16.2.410
- Lythgoe MF, Thomas DL, Calamante F, Pell GS, King MD, Busza AL, et al. Acute changes in MRI diffusion, perfusion, T(1), and T(2) in a rat model of oligemia produced by partial occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Magn Reson Med 2000;44:706-712 https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2594(200011)44:5<706::AID-MRM8>3.0.CO;2-1
- Shen Q, Meng X, Fisher M, Sotak CH, Duong TQ. Pixel-by-pixel spatiotemporal progression of focal ischemia derived using quantitative perfusion and diffusion imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003;23:1479-1488 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.WCB.0000100064.36077.03
- Meng X, Fisher M, Shen Q, Sotak CH, Duong TQ. Characterizing the diffusion/perfusion mismatch in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Ann Neurol 2004;55:207-212 https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10803
- Lee DH, Kang DW, Ahn JS, Choi CG, Kim SJ, Suh DC. Imaging of the ischemic penumbra in acute stroke. Korean J Radiol 2005;6:64-74 https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2005.6.2.64
- Liu Y, D'Arceuil HE, Westmoreland S, He J, Duggan M, Gonzalez RG, et al. Serial diffusion tensor MRI after transient and permanent cerebral ischemia in nonhuman primates. Stroke 2007;38:138-145 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000252127.07428.9c
- Morita N, Harada M, Uno M, Furutani K, Nishitani H. Change of diffusion anisotropy in patients with acute cerebral infarction using statistical parametric analysis. Radiat Med 2006;24:253-259 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-005-1535-z
- Tamura H, Kurihara N, Machida Y, Nishino A, Shimosegawa E. How does water diffusion in human white matter change following ischemic stroke? Magn Reson Med Sci 2009;8:121-134 https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.8.121
- Bhagat YA, Hussain MS, Stobbe RW, Butcher KS, Emery DJ, Shuaib A, et al. Elevations of diffusion anisotropy are associated with hyper-acute stroke: a serial imaging study. Magn Reson Imaging 2008;26:683-693 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2008.01.015
- Ozsunar Y, Koseoglu K, Huisman TA, Koroshetz W, Sorensen AG. MRI measurements of water diffusion: impact of region of interest selection on ischemic quantification. Eur J Radiol 2004;51:195-201 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2003.09.013
- Carano RA, Li F, Irie K, Helmer KG, Silva MD, Fisher M, et al. Multispectral analysis of the temporal evolution of cerebral ischemia in the rat brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:842-858 https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2586(200012)12:6<842::AID-JMRI7>3.0.CO;2-5
- Harris AD, Pereira RS, Mitchell JR, Hill MD, Sevick RJ, Frayne R. A comparison of images generated from diffusion-weighted and diffusion-tensor imaging data in hyper-acute stroke. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004;20:193-200 https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20116
- Sorensen AG, Wu O, Copen WA, Davis TL, Gonzalez RG, Koroshetz WJ, et al. Human acute cerebral ischemia: detection of changes in water diffusion anisotropy by using MR imaging. Radiology 1999;212:785-792 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.212.3.r99se24785
- Zelaya F, Flood N, Chalk JB, Wang D, Doddrell DM, Strugnell W, et al. An evaluation of the time dependence of the anisotropy of the water diffusion tensor in acute human ischemia. Magn Reson Imaging 1999;17:331-348 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0730-725X(98)00192-1
- Deb P, Sharma S, Hassan KM. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke: an overview with emphasis on therapeutic significance beyond thrombolysis. Pathophysiology 2010;17:197-218 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.12.001
- Pitkonen M, Abo-Ramadan U, Marinkovic I, Pedrono E, Hasan KM, Strbian D, et al. Long-term evolution of diffusion tensor indices after temporary experimental ischemic stroke in rats. Brain Res 2012;1445:103-110 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.043
- Baron CA, Kate M, Gioia L, Butcher K, Emery D, Budde M, et al. Reduction of diffusion-weighted imaging contrast of acute ischemic stroke at short diffusion times. Stroke 2015;46:2136-2141 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.008815
- Yam PS, Dewar D, McCulloch J. Axonal injury caused by focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Neurotrauma 1998;15:441-450 https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1998.15.441
- Dewar D, Dawson DA. Changes of cytoskeletal protein immunostaining in myelinated fibre tracts after focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat. Acta Neuropathol 1997;93:71-77 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004010050584
- Nael K, Trouard TP, Lafleur SR, Krupinski EA, Salamon N, Kidwell CS. White matter ischemic changes in hyperacute ischemic stroke: voxel-based analysis using diffusion tensor imaging and MR perfusion. Stroke 2015;46:413-418 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007000
- Green HA, Pena A, Price CJ, Warburton EA, Pickard JD, Carpenter TA, et al. Increased anisotropy in acute stroke: a possible explanation. Stroke 2002;33:1517-1521 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000016973.80180.7B
- Lassen NA. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man. Physiol Rev 1959;39:183-238 https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1959.39.2.183
- Markus HS. Cerebral perfusion and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:353-361 https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2003.025825
- Lassen NA, Astrup J. Ischemic penumbra. In: Wood JH, ed. Cerebral blood flow: physiologic and clinical aspects. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1987:458-466
- Plaschke K, Sommer C, Schroeck H, Matejic D, Kiessling M, Martin E, et al. A mouse model of cerebral oligemia: relation to brain histopathology, cerebral blood flow, and energy state. Exp Brain Res 2005;162:324-331 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-004-2177-6
- Takasawa M, Jones PS, Guadagno JV, Christensen S, Fryer TD, Harding S, et al. How reliable is perfusion MR in acute stroke? Validation and determination of the penumbra threshold against quantitative PET. Stroke 2008;39:870-877 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.500090
Cited by
- Machine learning-based segmentation of ischemic penumbra by using diffusion tensor metrics in a rat model vol.27, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-020-00672-9
- Early neuroimaging and ultrastructural correlates of injury outcome after neonatal hypoxic-ischaemia vol.3, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab048
- Brain Abnormalities in Pontine Infarction: A Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging study vol.31, pp.2, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106205