• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.379-402
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• 2010

The Korea Foreign Trade Act(KFTA) was revised the penal provisions of the breach of the Country of Origin Labeling(COOL) recently. The ceiling of penalties became to 5 years for imprisonment, one hundred or three hundred million won for fine. The level of penalties are adjudged quite fair but the amount of penalty should be increased according to the profits from the breach or the nature of crime in some cases. The problems of the penalties are differences between KFTA and other related laws. There are related several laws on the breach of the COOL such as KFTA, Unfair Trade related Law, Customs Law, Consumer Protection Law, Law of COOL on Agricultural and Marine products etc. The penal provisions of the breach of the COOL has more heavier level than other the breach because of the criminal qualities. The problems are the penalty differences between the KFTA and the Unfair Trade Law under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The KFTA's penal provisions need to equate with Unfair Trade Law as long as same breaches on the COOL. The government can also consider some policies to rigid enforcement of breaches on the COOL. There are the Country of Origin Tracking system, the RoO Paparazzi System, Make public the names of habitual RoO Violators, Correction Order of breach of the COOL etc.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

As sustainable design technologies, advanced daylighting systems with lightshelves have been developed and are currently under monitoring the daylighting performance. This study aims to evaluate the comparative daylighting performance of sloped lightshelf and conventional glazing window with mock-up model, reconstructed as a prototype of Korean office building, sized $12.0m{\times}7.3m{\times}3.7m$ ($w{\times}d{\times}h$) and $1.8m{\times}4.8m$($w{\times}h$) for the south facing side-window was installed on the rooftop of engineering building, Kyung Hee University in Korea. It has an identical configuration of reference room and the test room. For the test room, the sloped type lightshelf system was designed as 10mm transparency sheet glass, tilt angle degree $29^{\circ}$, and total sized 1.28m (interior length 0.88m, exterior length 0.49m). It consisted of daylighting collector, entrance glazing and reflector. To assess daylighting performance, the totally 37 measuring points for illuminance and 2 view points of luminance were monitored in every 30 minutes from 12:00 to 15:00. For the detailed analysis, photometric sensors of each room were installed at work-plane (8 points), wall (7 points), ceiling (3points), and exterior horizontal illuminance (1 point). Luminance of window, rare of the room was measured under clear sky. It is to be monitored by Agilent data logger, photometric sensor Li-cor and the Radiant Imaging ProMetric 1400. Comparisons with a light factor, increase-decrease ratio, uniformity, and luminance are discussed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to suggest the standard of the direction sign on the pendant switch of overhead cranes which can reduce human errors in control. Background: A great number of crane accidents occur in industries. One of the major causes of the accidents is the mistake in the control of cranes by confusing the orientation of crane movements. Nevertheless, three different direction sign styles, 'East, West, South, North (EWSN)', 'Forward, Backward, Left, Right (FBLR)', and arrows for four directions are used without standardization. Method: An overhead crane simulator was installed for a laboratory experiment. It could move along six directions by the control of a pendant switch. 90 participants were evenly assigned to the three different conditions of direction sign styles. The participants were asked to control the pendant switch according to the continuously appearing 16 direction signs on a monitor ahead. The participants were allowed to refer an orientation sign board on the ceiling representing correct movement directions of the overhead crane simulator. Results: The direction sign style, 'EWSN', showed statistically significant better performance in task completion time and number of errors than the other sign styles. The direction sign style, 'EWSN', adopting the cardinal direction system, made the participants clear in direction controls after customizing to the crane movements. However, the direction sign styles, 'FBLR' and the arrows adopting the relative direction system made conflicts in direction controls due to the egocentric view of human. Conclusion: The direction sign style, 'EWSN', is the most appropriate for the standardization of the direction sign on the pendant switch of overhead cranes. Application: The results of this study can be applied to the standardization of direction sign in the legal notification on the safety certifications of crane manufacturing.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2018

At present, the ground transportation system is saturated in many countries including Korea. To overcome this problem, many researches of developing a roadable personal air vehicle (PAV) are being carried out to alleviate traffic congestion and to accomplish door-to-door mobility through three-dimensional traffic system. In this study, the thrust-to-weight ratio, the wing loading, and the power-to-weight ratio that are major design parameters for the sizing of roadable PAVs were calculated under the constraints of ground roll, climb rate, maximum cruise speed, service ceiling, stall speed. Also, in the sizing process, the study was conducted to determine the design point using the graphs of thrust-to-weight ratio, wing loading, power-to-weight ratio, and brake horse power for the mission profiles considering domestic environments and the FAR PART 23 which is the GA class aircraft certification standard.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.400-410
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• 2023

Background: As the government has recently been discussing the expansion of the disaster health expenses support project, we would like to confirm the characteristics of beneficiaries of the support project, particularly those of high-cost beneficiaries. Methods: Using the database of catastrophic health expenditure support project from 2019-2020, this study aims to confirm the characteristics of high-cost beneficiaries focusing on the overlap of the relieved out-of-pocket systems, known as the out-of-pocket ceiling system and the system for rare incurable diseases. Logistic regression analysis is used to examine this issue. Results: In order to analyze the factors influencing high-cost beneficiaries, five models were created and analyzed, including the status of duplicated beneficiaries for relieved out-of-pocket systems, sociodemographic and economic factors, and individual health status as sequential independent variables. All five models were statistically significant, of which economic factors had the greatest impact on the model's predictions. The main results indicated that those who benefited from multiple systems in duplicate were more likely to be high-cost beneficiaries, and there is a higher probability of incurring high health expenses among the underage. In addition, within the beneficiaries of catastrophic health expenditure support project, it was observed that higher health insurance premium percentiles are associated with a higher proportion of high-cost beneficiaries. Conclusion: This study examined the characteristics of high-cost beneficiaries by encompassing reimbursement and non-reimbursement. According to this study, it is expected to be used as basic data for setting priorities and improving the current criteria of catastrophic health expenditure support project, aiming to sequentially expand the program.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

The goal of this study was to develop a suitable ventilation system for high-rise hog building (HRHB) for growing-fattening with combined slatted floor pen in second story and in situ manure management system in Korea. The HRHB was constructed as 29m long, 9m wide and 7.6m high for outer dimension with an indoor height of 3.1m and 2.4 for lower and upper floor, respectively. Ventilation systems for each treatment were installed in separated rooms of HRHB. The ventilation types installed in each room were following 3 types: ventilation type 1 (V1), where air was pulled through a circular duct inlet and exhausted by fans; ventilation type 2 (V2), where air was pulled through eave inlet (side ceiling inlet) and exhausted by fans; and ventilation type 3 (V3), where air was pulled through baffled ceiling inlet and exhausted by fans. For each ventilation system, investigated air velocity under minimum, medium and maximum ventilation ratio and air flow pattern inside. The results were as follows; For air flow pattern from top to bottom, V1 showed a homogeneous vertical type, V2 showed a bilateral symmetry type and V3 showed an vertical umbrella type. Under minimum ventilation ratio, air velocity in upper floor (80cm above the slated floor) was similar for V1, V2, and V3. Under maximum ventilation ratio, air velocity in upper floor was undeviating for V1 (0.10~0.26m/s) and varied for V2 (0.12~0.63m/s) while those for V3 was relatively slow and less varied (0.07~0.15m/s). In conclusion, Duct inlet type (V1) can be applied to the development of a new HRHB with additional evaluations such as field test hog feeding.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.205-214
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• 2021

For smart manufacturing, most semiconductor sites utilize automated material handling systems(AMHS). As one of the AMHSs, the OHT control system(OCS) manages overhead hoist transports(OHT) that move along rails installed on the ceiling. This paper proposes a real-time scheduling system to efficiently allocate and control the OHTs in semiconductor logistics processes. The proposed system, as an independent subsystem within the OCS, is interconnected with the main subsystem of the OCS, so that it can be easily modified without the effect of other systems. To develop the system, we first identify the functional requirements of the semiconductor logistics process and classify several types of control scenarios of the OHTs. Next, based on SEMI(Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International) standard, we design sequence diagrams and interface messages between the subsystems. The developed system is interoperated with the OCS main subsystem and the database in real time and performs two major roles: 1) OHT dispatching and 2) pathfinding. Six integrated tests were carried out to verify the functions of the developed system. The system was normally operated on six basic scenarios and two exception scenarios and we proved that it is suitable for the mission planning of the OHTs.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.827-837
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• 2012

As broadcasting environments change rapidly to digital, user requirements for next-generation broadcasting service which surpass current HDTV service become bigger and bigger. The next-generation broadcasting service progress from 2D to 3D, from HD to UHD and from 5.1ch audio to more than 10ch audio for high quality realistic broadcasting service. In this paper, we propose 10.2ch based multichannel audio reproduction system for UHDTV. The 10.2ch-based audio reproduction system add two side loudspeakers to enhance the surround sound localization effect and add two height and one ceiling loudspeakers to enhance the elevation localization effect. To evaluate the proposed system, we used APM(Auditory Process Model) for objective localization test and conducted subjective localization test. As a result of objective/subjective localization test, the proposed system shows the statistically same performance compare with 22.2ch audio system and shows the significantly better performance compared with 5.1ch audio system.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

This study was conducted to improve a ventilation system on the enclosed farrowing-nursery pig house in Korean swine facilities. This survey ventilation system types four major structures. The first structure has planer slot inlet, where air comes in, and these are placed outside the wall under the eave. Then the air from the pig house flows out through the chimney outlet operated by an exhaust fan(V1). The second structure has an air input through the perforated ceiling inlet, then the air from the pig house flows out through the chimney outlet operated by an exhaust fan(V2). Through the circular duct inlet placed inside the juncture of the entry wall, air also comes in(third structure). Then, air from the pig house flows out through the chimney outlet operated by an exhaust fan(V3), Similarly, air comes in through the circular duct inlet placed inside the juncture of the entry wall, but air from the pig house flows out through the side wall by an exhaust fan(V4). Temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and ammonia concentration(NH$_3$) were measured in the interior farrowing-nursery pig house during winter. The results were as follows; Interior temperature at the pig house was not remarkably different in all ventilation systems. The V4 system had low area air velocity, and this was better than other systems. It also had a lower ammonia concentration than other systems. V3 and V4 systems had stable airflow patterns, better than other systems. Therefore, it is suggested that the V3 and V4 ventilation system be applied in the enclosed farrowing-nursery pig house in winter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.683-690
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• 2021

The ventilation system of the engine room of a ship is generally installed to supply the combustion air necessary for the internal combustion engine and to remove the heat source generated in the engine room, and it must satisfy the international standard (ISO 8861) for the design conditions and calculation standards for the ventilation of the ship engine room. The response delay of the ventilation system including the fire detector is affected by the airflow formed inside the area and the location of the fire detector. In this study, to improve the initial fire detection response speed of a fire detector installed on a fishing vessel and to maintain the sensitivity of the installed detector, the smoke behavior was simulated using the air flow field inside the engine room, the amount of combustion air in the internal combustion engine, and the internal pressure of the engine room as variables. Analysis of the simulation results showed that reducing the flow rate in the air flow field and increasing the vortex by reducing the internal pressure of the engine room and installing a smoke curtain would accelerate the rise of the ceiling of the smoke component and improve the smoke detector response speed and ventilation system.