• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.439-451
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• 2021

The study aims to investigate the process employed by companies to intentionally create market categories through implementation of product strategy. Much of the research on market category formation focuses on the spontaneous emergence of market categories, with a few studies focusing on the intentional creation of market categories. In the course of this study, I therefore sought to understand the logic by which companies intentionally create market categories, by treating the process through which market categories are formed as a sensemaking process, and by treating the behavior of a company intentionally forming a market category as an effort to manage this sensemaking process. In empirical study, we conducted an exploratory case analysis through content analysis of company press releases and consumer reviews. It is possible that market categories can be formed or changed if the way in which they are shared among market participants can be changed. In this study, we identified two sense-giving activities for the creation of market categories by firms as follows: (1) reorganizing market categories that flat-panel TV manufacturers in the North American market have attempted to form into subcategories of smart TVs, and (2) connecting them to surrounding categories through strategic labeling to establish new categories.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2011

This study analyzed the content of special selling events in internet shopping malls to establish academic standards for special selling events as tools for sales promotions and to suggest systematic guidelines for marketers designing special selling events. Based on a content analysis, the titles of special selling events from four internet shopping malls selling women's apparel were analyzed. A total of 692 titles were analyzed. The results are as follow. First, the contents categories of special selling events could be classified into two groups such as 'theme' and 'tool'. Season, product characteristics, style, advice/information, brand, annual/social events, and marketing events were the main content categories that came under the 'theme' group; in addition, the price benefit, free offers, product mix, and marketing technique were the main content categories that came under the 'tool' group. Each main content category was subdivided into several segment content categories. Second, most of the titles were composed of more than two segment content categories that involved various information and benefits; however, the portion of titles composed of only theme related content categories or only tool related content categories was substantial. Furthermore, the theme related content categories were more than the tool related content categories. Third, the usage frequencies of the contents categories were analyzed. The upcoming season, single brand, sale/discount, item/material/color, special price/lowest price, and period/time/quantity limits were the segment content categories that held a high rank. Forth, most of the factors that evoked the unplanned purchases of consumers were related to the content categories of special sale events.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.46-61
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• 2018

The mobile social networking application Instagram is a well-known platform for sharing photos and videos. Since it is folksonomy-oriented, it provides the possibility for image indexing and knowledge representation through the assignment of hashtags to posted content. The purpose of this study is to analyze how Instagram users tag their pictures regarding different kinds of picture and hashtag categories. For such a content analysis, a distinction is made between Food, Pets, Selfies, Friends, Activity, Art, Fashion, Quotes (captioned photos), Landscape, and Architecture image categories as well as Content-relatedness (ofness, aboutness, and iconology), Emotiveness, Isness, Performativeness, Fakeness, "Insta"-Tags, and Sentences as hashtag categories. Altogether, 14,649 hashtags of 1,000 Instagram images were intellectually analyzed (100 pictures for each image category). Research questions are stated as follows: RQ1: Are there any differences in relative frequencies of hashtags in the picture categories? On average the number of hashtags per picture is 15. Lowest average values received the categories Selfie (average 10.9 tags per picture) and Friends (average 11.7 tags per picture); for highest, the categories Pet (average 18.6 tags), Fashion (average 17.6 tags), and Landscape (average 16.8 tags). RQ2: Given a picture category, what is the distribution of hashtag categories; and given a hashtag category, what is the distribution of picture categories? 60.20% of all hashtags were classified into the category Content-relatedness. Categories Emotiveness (about 4.38%) and Sentences (0.99%) were less often frequent. RQ3: Is there any association between image categories and hashtag categories? A statistically significant association between hashtag categories and image categories on Instagram exists, as a chi-square test of independence shows. This study enables a first broad overview on the tagging behavior of Instagram users and is not limited to a specific hashtag or picture motive, like previous studies.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.251-272
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• 2019

본 연구는 Scopus의 분류시스템에서 설정된 주제분류의 활용도와 상호연관성을 조사했다. 연구 수행의 범위는 2017년도 Scopus 색인에 포함된 저널의 대 주제 분류 및 소 주제분류를 포함하였다. 연구의 결과는 Scopus의 주제 분류별 활용도에서의 빈도수나 주제분류간 상호연관성에서도 다양한 양상을 보였다. 이 가운데 대 주제분류활용률과 상호연관성의 양상은 의학과 사회과학분야에서 가장 활발하고 다양하게 나타났다. 한편, 소 주제분류에서는 "2700 General Medicine"이 상호연관 측면에서 최고의 다양성을 보여주었다. 이외에 쌍을 이루는 소 주제분류 간의 동시 빈도수 분석에서 특징적인 상호연관성을 보이는 경우들을 발견하였는데 같은 분야의 주제어가 비슷한 연관성, 분야는 다르지만 주제가 연결된 연관성, 주제어간 상,하위범주의 연관성의 경우들이다. 소수의 소 주제분류간에는 매우 유사한 주제어를 사용한 경우들도 있었다. 이러한 주제분류별 활용도와 주제분류간의 상호연관성들이 보여주는 다양한 양상들로 인해 연구수행에 있어서 대 주제분류뿐만 아니라 대주제 분류에 많은 영향을 미치는 소 주제분류까지도 면밀하게 살펴볼 필요가 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.231-245
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• 2002

A better knowledge of emission inventories can serve several important functions such as provision of public information, identification of primary sources, assessment of temporal and spatial trend, and analysis for national modelling studies. The purpose of this paper is to propose the new air emission source categories on the basis of the Korea Standard Industrial Classification. Hence, the paper focuses on reviewing and comparing the air emission sources categories of USEPA, and EU. The new emission source categories compose Tiers 1, 2, and 3. For Tier 1, there are 14 categories; fuel combustion-utilities, industries, and heating and others, chemical and allied product manufacturing, metals processing, and petroleum and related industries, etc. Tier 2 consists of small categories classified minutely in Tier 1. Tier 3 connects the categories of Tier 2 with the Korea Standard Industrial Classification.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.269-284
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• 2023

In this paper we study generalizations of the concept of pure-direct-projectivity from module categories to Grothendieck categories. We examine for which categories or under what conditions pure-direct-projective objects are direct-projective, quasi-projective, pure-projective, projective and flat. We investigate classes all of whose objects are pure-direct-projective. We give applications of some of the results to comodule categories.

• Architectural research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2014

This research is to restructure the public assessment of housing management in a standardized fashion, and a self-administered questionnaire survey was employed for data collection and analysis. In doing so, all the assessment tools nationwide were identified and assembled to extract the items included in the survey form. The survey form was mailed out to local officers in charge of housing management and professional housing managers in the nation, and the responses were statistically analyzed in order to structure the standard assessment tool of housing management. This research classified 3 main areas (General Maintenance, Operation and Community Living) in evaluating the housing management performance, and identified 35 essential items and 52 optional items. The 35 essential items were drawn from the 16 categories of the 3 areas (11 items of 5 categories for General Maintenance, 7 items of 4 categories for Operation, and 17 items of 7 categories for Community Living), and the rest 52 optional items were from the 16 categories of the 3 areas (24 items of 7 categories for General Maintenance, 26 items of 7 categories for Operation, and 2 items of 2 categories for Community Living). While all the items in the research are quantifiable, it's suggested that qualitative measurements be complementarily utilized in the assessment not only to explore the best practices of housing management but also to refine and modify the standardized tool in response to various environmental changes. As the public assessment of housing management is context-sensitive and critically related to local housing profile, the continuous implementation of the assessment will facilitate shifting the housing paradigm from production and consumption to management and reproduction.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.273-291
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• 2019

본 연구는 시소러스 국제표준(ISO 25964-1) 제11절 "패싯 분석"과 제5절의 "시소러스에 있어서의 개념 및 그들의 범위"를 분석하여, 제11절에 예시된 기본 범주(대상, 물질, 에이전트, 행위, 장소, 시간 등)를 확장하는 데에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 온톨로지의 최상위 개념(구구리일랑(溝口理一郞)의 상위 온톨로지인 YAMATO)과 기존의 기본 범주들(Ranganathan의 PMEST, FRBR 제3집단, CRG 13 범주 등)을 참조하여, 기본 범주에 정신적 실체를 명시적으로 추가하고, 일부를 조정하여 기본 범주를 확립했다. 또한, 확립된 기본 범주를 Ranganathan의 PMEST의 구체성/추상성과 구구리일랑(溝口理一郞)의 YAMATO의 독립성/종속성을 기반으로 재편성 및 구조화하였다. 최상위 범주를 독립 실체와 종속 실체로 이분하고 하위 구분으로 전자는 28범주, 후자는 2범주를 두었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기본 범주의 활용이 기대되는 분류, 택소노미, 시소러스 등의 제어 어휘 및 정보검색용 온톨로지를 생성할 때 최상위 개념으로서 재활용되고 참조할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.347-358
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• 1999

Correspondence analysis is an exploratory method for two-way contingency tables intended to display the association pattern between row and column categories. It has been developed for several decades mainly in France and Japan and, nowadays, is popular worldwide. For the special case, however, that the column consists of ordered categories, correspondence analysis may yield ackward result so that it cannot be fully accommodated. That's because the row and column categories are assumed to be nominal in the ordinary correspondence analysis. The aim of this study is to develop the correspondence analysis for two-way contingency tables with ordered column categories. It is based on two specific algorithms,

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

This study was conducted to compare protected areas of South and North Korea based on international conservation criteria and recommend new fundamental directions for nature conservation policy. International conservation criteria used by this research were the 1994 IUCN protected area categories, composed of 6 management categories. Despite a variety of types and names of protected areas created by different domestic legislations, South Korea was revealed to have only two types of protected areas, Category IV and V, indicating the significant lack of ecological diversity and representativeness in its protected area system. Shockingly, there are no national parks meeting IUCN criteria in South Korea. On the other hand, North Korea has three IUCN Categories of II, III, IV and thus more balanced and ecologically representative protected area network than South Korea. Especially, North Korea maintains 9 national parks to be officially recognized by IUCN and UN. However, both South and North Korea should make sincere effort to have new and well-designed protected area system including all IUCN Categories I -Ⅵ and particularly a minimum area in the stricter protected area categories.