• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.22
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• pp.19-33
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• 2007

According to amendments of ship safety act which comes into force from 4 Nov. 2007, the amended stability criteria should be applied to the small vessels of 12m or more in length. In this paper, the dimensions of domestic small vessels and the casualty reports of capsizing accidents are analyzed. And 58 ships are sampled, modeled for the investigation of the stability performance. Based on the regression analysis of the model ship's allowable metacentric-heights under several stability requirements, stability criteria for small fishing vessels and cargo ships are proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 1999

In the recent past, maritime safety research has been applied primarily to technological requirements and progression of regulations on standards of safety from which the ISM Code has resulted. Despite the engineering and technological innovations, significant marine casualties continue to occur, which indicates that human factors are an area requiring more focused attention. This paper aims to study the clear concept and its details of human factors in ship operating system through the investigation of researches presented so far. The purpose of studying human factors is to identify how the crew, the owners, the classification societies, and the regulatory bodies can work together to sever the chain of errors which are associated with every marine casualty. The human factors in ship operating system may be defined as the study and analysis of the interaction between the operator and system variables composing the system, most importantly the procedures and the crew and management follow.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2004

Ships' collision accident has often occurred in congested waterways or in harbour areas. To examine the cause of collision accident may be necessary to prevention against another similar one. We discuss the construction of ship-manoeuvring-simulator system used for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon The system consists of one simulator bridge for own ship and two control consoles for own ship and target ship. Own ship and target ship are linked each other, and are simultaneously manoeuvred in simulator bridge or at control console respectively. And a simulator experiment for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon and for examining the cause of accident is carried out. Through the present case study, we find out that the constructed simulator system is very useful for reproducing ships' collision phenomenon and for examining the cause of accident.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.379-379
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• 2020

The influence of drought has increased due to global warming. In addition, forest fires have occurred more frequently due to droughts and resulted in property losses and casualty. In this study, the effects of drought on Goseong-Sokcho Forest Fire in 2019 were analyzed using high-resolution synthetic precipitation data. In order to determine the severity of drought, the average, 20%tile and 80%ile values were calculated using the synthetic precipitation data of the past 30 years and compared with the current climatology. We have investigated the multi-year accumulated precipitation data to determine the persistence of drought. In Goseong-Sokcho forest fire case, the two-year cumulative synthetic precipitation data shows a similar value to the climate, but the three-year cumulative synthetic precipitation data was close to the 20%ile lines of the climate value. It may expose that the shortage of precipitation in 2017 had persisted until 2019, despite abundant precipitation during the summer in 2018. Therefore, Goseong-Sokcho forest fire might be spread more rapidly by drought which has been persisted since 2017.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.101-116
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• 2012

Accident prediction models have been utilized to predict accident possibilities in existing or projected freeways and to evaluate programs or policies for improving safety. In this study, a traffic accident prediction model for freeways was developed for the above purposes. When selecting variables for the model, the highest priority was on the ease of both collecting data and applying them into the model. The dependent variable was set as the number of total accidents and the number of accidents including casualties in the unit of IC(or JCT). As a result, two models were developed; the overall accident model and the casualty-related accident model. The error structure adjusted to each model was the negative binomial distribution and the Poisson distribution, respectively. Among the two models, a more appropriate model was selected by statistical estimation. Major nine national freeways were selected and five-year dada of 2003~2007 were utilized. Explanatory variables should take on either a predictable value such as traffic volumes or a fixed value with respect to geometric conditions. As a result of the Maximum Likelihood estimation, significant variables of the overall accident model were found to be the link length between ICs(or JCTs), the daily volumes(AADT), and the ratio of bus volume to the number of curved segments between ICs(or JCTs). For the casualty-related accident model, the link length between ICs(or JCTs), the daily volumes(AADT), and the ratio of bus volumes had a significant impact on the accident. The likelihood ratio test was conducted to verify the spatial and temporal transferability for estimated parameters of each model. It was found that the overall accident model could be transferred only to the road with four or more than six lanes. On the other hand, the casualty-related accident model was transferrable to every road and every time period. In conclusion, the model developed in this study was able to be extended to various applications to establish future plans and evaluate policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.91-97
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• 2007

Recently, during the past five years, accidents of gas boiler using city gas have occurred 7.4 times more than those which use LP gas. The number of accidents has increased since the use of city gas boilers has increased. These boiler accidents resulted in 87% death from poisoning of CO, and casualty of the accidents was 4.3 times more than that of other types of accident. Hence this study makes the cause of accidents clear by separation the exhaust tube which is the cause of CO poisoning. Also, this study will establish the safety of heat-resistant silicon through testing the performance of heat-resistant silicon. The experiment showed that common silicon started hardening at $56^{\circ}C$ while the heat-resistant silicon did not begin carbonization until $606^{\circ}C$. Besides at the temperature of $150^{\circ}C$ which is the normal temperature of exhaust tube, common silicon leaked on the pneumatic test after deterioration, but the heat-resistant silicon maintained its original property. With these results, we judge that we can reduce the casualty by CO poisoning if we use the heat-resistant silicon to the connector of he exhaust tube.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.398-407
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• 2018

Standard guidelines for marine accident investigation have been prepared through the enforcement of the Casualty Investigation code as of January 2010. In addition, as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommended contracting the state to manage a marine incident system established under this code, Korea also has newly established provisions for a marine incident system in the 'Act on the Investigation of and Inquiry into Marine Accidents' also as of 2010. The Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) has made a multilateral effort to prevent marine accidents through the efficient operation of a marine incident system, but this system has not been properly activated. This study examines the operational status and problems of a marine incident system and analyzes the marine incident systems of foreign countries and similar transportation agencies such as railroads and aviation. Options include switching to voluntary reporting of marine incidents, transferring responsibility to a non judicial private organization, expanding incentive systems for a marine incidents, revising regulation and preparing detailed implementation guidelines.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.710-721
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prepare an environment that can provide high-quality 119 rescue services by analyzing the causes of casualties at the water rescue and suggesting improvement plans to prevent them. Method: 5 major cases were analyzed among firefighters' casualty accidents during rescue activities related to the water over the past 10 years for case study. And the causes of the accidents were analyzed in terms of 4 values (Man, Machine, Media, Management) through the 4M analysis technique. Result: ① man: the main causes are lack of awareness of on-site safety, etc ② machine: the problem of the absence of the equipment itself, etc ③ media: the lack of information on the rescue site and the poor rescue environment conditions, ④ management : the main causes were the absence and inadequacy of the response manual for each rescue site, Conclusion: ① man: knowledge of SOP and reinforcement of education and training, etc. ② machine: there are measures such as the introduction of equipment suitable for the changing rescue site, ③media: providing sufficient information about the rescue activity environment and conducting regular road training, ④ management: policy suggestions such as establishment and dissemination of on-site safety management plans and manuals were derived.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.44-59
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• 2023

Purpose: In the event of mass casualties, triage must be done promptly and accurately so that as many patients as possible can be recovered and returned to the battlefield. However, medical personnel have received many tasks with less manpower, and the battlefield for classifying patients is too complex and uncertain. Therefore, we studied an artificial intelligence model that can assist and replace medical personnel on the battlefield. Method: The triage model is presented using reinforcement learning, a field of artificial intelligence. The learning of the model is conducted to find a policy that allows as many patients as possible to be treated, taking into account the condition of randomly set patients and the medical capability of the military hospital. Result: Whether the reinforcement learning model progressed well was confirmed through statistical graphs such as cumulative reward values. In addition, it was confirmed through the number of survivors whether the triage of the learned model was accurate. As a result of comparing the performance with the rule-based model, the reinforcement learning model was able to rescue 10% more patients than the rule-based model. Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that the triage model using reinforcement learning can be used as an alternative to assisting and replacing triage decision-making of medical personnel in the case of mass casualties.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.39
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• pp.251-280
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• 2008

A party to the charter will not be able to rely upon the doctrine of frustration if an event which makes further performance impossible has been caused by his breach of the charter. Strictly speaking, this is not a situation of frustration at all but rather a case of discharge of the contract by breach. In the Sea Angel case, the defendant entered into a Lloyd's Standard Form of Salvage Agreement with owners of the casualty on the LOF 2000 form, incorporating the SCOPIC clause. The time charter was on the terms of the Shelltime 4 form. This case the trial of the action brought by the claimants owners of the vessel Sea Angel claiming outstanding hire from the defendant charterers. This Case was issued whether charterparty frustrated by refusal of port authorities to issue "No Demand Certificate" allowing port clearance pending payment of oil spillage clean-up costs. The court concluded that no attempt had yet been made to invoke the assistance of the Pakistani court to obtain the release of the vessel. There was not so radical or fundamental a change in the obligation assumed by defendant as to establish frustration. The purpose of this study aims to analyse frustration and time charter in the Sea Angel case.