• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2002

From the beginning of the 20th century, calculus is gradually offered to high school students in many countries. However, in Chinese high school, the instruction on calculus is nearly an untouched field. Many people don't believe that high school students can study calculus well. They think calculus knowledge in students' brains is likely to become the “half-cooked food”, and this can produce a bad effect on the study of formal calculus at university. The authors consider that the emphasis of calculus in high school should be the intuitive understanding of fundamental calculus concepts, and it is also the basis of the understanding of formal concepts. Traditional mathematics course with chalk can't meet the needs of calculus teaching. The use of technologies can enhance the calculus teaching, especially the informal and visual calculus teaching, help students understand the underlying concepts. The authors describe how the use of technologies can improve the calculus teaching and learning, and point out that the use of technologies can clear up people's doubts.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2014

How to teach calculus is an important issue since Calculus is the first mathematics in college curriculum which highly influences other subjects including Physics, Engineering Mathematics like differential equations, and other engineering major subjects. This study suggests that a class model of Engineering Mathematics include Calculus review test so that students can study for themselves Calculus 'outside Calculus class'. First of all, a systematic process of administrating a review test is presented. Secondly, scores of the Calculus review test is statistically analyzed to confirm that ability in Calculus is highly correlated to their achievements in Engineering mathematics. Through a survey, it is confirmed that students in Engineering Mathematics study Calculus for themselves as they think Calculus review test is helpful.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2009

Recently our society confronts with the concern over the college students' apparent lack of understanding and interesting of mathematics. In late 1980s the calculus reform movement in US was triggered to increase both passing rates and a general interest in the subject. The purpose of this paper is to investigate teaching of college calculus and its curriculum in order to promote students' interesting and understanding. We deal with 4 questions. Firstly, we research the history and motivation of the calculus reform movement in US. Secondly, we do case study about the debate between reformed and traditional calculus. Then we evaluate the effectiveness of reformed calculus in comparison to traditional calculus. Finally we investigate possible ways to apply reformed calculus in our university mathematics education and suggest some points to improve teaching calculus.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.217-228
• /
• 1999

The fundamental theorem of calculus is the most 'fundamental' content in teaching calculus. Since the aim of teaching the theorem goes beyond simple application of it, it is difficult to teach it meaningfully. Hence, for the meaningful teaching of the fundamental theorem of calculus, this article seeks to find the educational implication of the fundamental theorem of calculus through reviewing the genetic history of it. A genetic history of the fundamental theorem of calculus can be divided into the following five phases: 1. The deductive discovery of the fundamental theorem of calculus 2. Galileo's Law of falling body and the idea of the fundamental theorem of calculus 3. The discovery of the fundamental theorem of calculus and Barrow's proof 4. Newton's mensuration 5. the development of calculus in 19th century and the fundamental theorem of calculus The developmental phases of the fundamental theorem of calculus discussed above provides the three educational implications. first, we can rediscover this theorem through deductive methods and get the ideas of it in relation to kinetic problems. Second, the developmental phases of the fundamental theorem of calculus shows that the value of this theorem lies in the harmony of its theoretical beauty and practicality. Third, Newton's dynamic image of this theorem can be a typical way of understanding the theorem. We have different aims of teaching the fundamental theorem of calculus, according to which the teaching methods can be adopted. But it is self-evident that the simple application of the theorem is just a part of teaching the fundamental theorem of calculus. Hence we must try to put the educational implications reviewed above into practice.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2002

developed by solving practical problems and gradually formalized and abstracted. But school mathematics seemed to stress the formalized and abstracted mathematics. The same is the case with calculus. In particular, it appeared extremely in teaching of calculus. It caused hindrance of learning and indeed, many students had difficulties in teaming of calculus. Therefore this study investigates the various approaches of calculus teaching and the history of calculus which include approaches by Archimedes, Galileo, Newton, Leibniz and Weierstrass etc. This may offer the implication for calculus teaching and we can find the alternative on the method of calculus teaching in historico-genetic principle. Finally we suggest the direction of calculus teaching from this perspective in tile concrete.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.176-179
• /
• 2019

A giant prostatic urethral calculus has not been previously reported in dogs and should be distinguished from prostatic calculus. A 7-year-old castrated male Maltese dog with a 2-month history of relapsing hematuria and urinary incontinence with slowly progressing paraphimosis was referred. On abdominal radiography and ultrasonography, there was a giant calculus in the region of prostate or urethra, one left ureteral calculus, one urinary bladder calculus, and two penile urethral calculi. On computed tomography for evaluating the accurate location and planning the surgical approach, the giant calculus was located at the prostatic urethra. The calculi in urinary bladder, prostatic and penile urethra were surgically removed. These calculi were mixed-type of calcium oxalate monohydrate, struvite and calcium phosphate carbonate. On the basis of the urolith analysis and urine bacterial culture results, antibiotics and prescription diet were adjusted. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no clinical sings but paraphimosis was still remained, and ultrasonography revealed newly-formed, small urethral calculi at the prostatic urethra. This is the first report to describe the case of a canine giant prostatic urethral calculus and its clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome. CT may be useful to assess the accurate location and surgical approach for such calculi.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2007

A study of the J health college dept of dental hygiene practice vistant a total of 35 supragingival calculus and subgingival calculus picking SEM observation and bacteria identification of the result are followings. 1. As observed by dental calculus SEM, the surface roughness appeared as peaks, valleys, and pits. 2. About bacteteria morphology blood agar plate small green zone partial hemolysis colony streptococcus observation 3. Isolated colony gram stain gram are positive display 4. Supragingival calculus at Lactococcus lactis spp. Leuconostoc spp. Streptococcus mitis, Aerococcus viridans bacteria 1, 3, 3, 16 species detection 5. Subgingival calculus at Aerococcus viridans, Leuconostoc spp. bacteria 5, 1 species detection.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.621-631
• /
• 1997

To verify the effect of subgingival calculus on the periodontal tissues in periodontitis and the effectiveness of supragingival scaling to remove the calculus, 30 teeth from healthy group (Probing pocket depth:$PPD{\leq}mm$: HP group), 15 teeth from moderate group ($4{\leq}PD<7mm$:MP group), 30 teeth from advanced group (PPD>7mm: AP group) were selected and supragingival scaling was performed before extraction of all experimental teeth. After careful extraction, the teeth were cleaned with saline and disclosed with toluidine blue and carefully examined the relationship and distance between the calculus attached on the root surface and periodontal tissues. As a result, it was; 1. The calculus was not discovered on the root surface of teeth in HP group, but was in MP and AP group, mostly on interproximal surface and furca area. The shape of the attached calculus was ovoid, trepazoid and polygonal and the calculus was distributed randomly over the root surface. 2. PPD was more than the distance between the gingival margin to the level of attached connective tissue in AP group rather than in HP and MP group. 3. The length of calculus was $2.7mm{\pm}.44mm$ in HP group and $4.1{\pm}.89in$ AP group. 4. The distance between the apical margin of calculus and the level of attached connective tissue was $2.4{\pm}.33mm$ in MP group and $3.4{\pm}.89mm$ in AP group. 5. The length of subgingival calculus was tended to increase in relation to the probing pocket depth. Therefore, it can be concluded, the calculus in periodontal pocket can not be removed completely with supragingival scaling. As the terminal part of calculus was far away with limited distance from the periodontal tissue, it can be said that the calculus was not a direct factor in destroying the periodontal tissue. In this study, the extent of the plaque was not verified but the location of calculus can be used in clinical practice for complete removal of calculus when the distance relation bewteen calculus and plaque will be known.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.197-215
• /
• 2016

Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors that influence decision making in relation to providing personal information on the internet with respect to the integration of the privacy calculus theory and protection motivation theory based on the dual-calculus model proposed by Li(2012). Design/methodology/approach The privacy calculus theory and protection motivation theory have been applied to explain privacy behavior to a certain degree but few studies have been conducted to explain privacy behavior based on the integration of these two theories. Although Li(2012) proposed the dual-calculus model, he only proposed its framework and did not carry out an empirical study. Therefore, this study proposes a research model that integrates these two theories and examines the relationship between the two theories through an empirical study. Findings According to the results of empirical analysis, it was found that all relations have statistically significant explanatory power except the relation between coping appraisal and privacy risk in the risk calculus process. Thus, the results verify that external threat played a decisive role in increasing the risk level of a consumer's privacy. It can be discussed the ways to enhance the privacy behavior of consumer on the internet through these findings.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2008

Objective: This study was done to investigate the safety of Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods: The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, the author observed eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Results: 1. After Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't physical problem at 9 rabbits. 2. After Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Conclusions: I suggested that Fel Ursi & Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution didn't induced eye irritation in rabbits.