• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.2028-2035
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• 2020

Background: Weakness of the trunk muscles decreases the trunk control ability of stroke patients, which is significantly related to balance and gait. Objectives: To compare the impact of diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface and a stable surface for trunk rehabilitation on trunk control, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Design: Nonequivalent control group design. Methods: Twenty four participants were randomized into the experimental group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on an unstable surface, n=12) and the control group (diagonal pattern self-exercise while sitting on a stable surface, n=12). All interventions were conducted for 30 minutes, three times a week for four weeks, and the trunk impairment scale (TIS), berg balance scale (BBS), functional gait assessment (FGA), and G-walk were measured. Results: All groups indicated significant increases in all variables (TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, speed, stride length) after four weeks. The TIS, BBS, FGA, cadence, gait speed, and stride length group-by-time were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: We found that, in stroke patients, diagonal pattern self-exercise on an unstable surface is a more effective method for improving trunk control, balance, and gait ability than diagonal pattern self-exercise on a stable surface.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2015

The aim of the present study was to examine whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve gait ability of acute stage stroke patients. This study was conducted with 39 subjects who were diagnosed as having a hemiparesis due to stroke. The experimental group included 20 subjects who underwent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and the control group included 19 subjects who underwent sham therapy. The stroke patients in the experimental group underwent conventional rehabilitation therapy and rTMS was applied daily to the hotspot of the lesional hemisphere. The stroke patients in the control group underwent sham rTMS and conventional rehabilitation therapy. Participants in both groups received therapy five days per week for four weeks. Temporospatial gait characteristics, such as stance phase, swing phase, step length in affected side, velocity, and cadence, were assessed before and after the four week therapy period. A significant difference was observed in post-treatment gains for the step length in the affected side, velocity, and cadence between the experimental group and control group ( p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups on stance phase and swing phase ( p > 0.05). We conclude that rTMS may be beneficial in improving the effects of acute stage stroke on gait ability.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) integrated mirror therapy on the gait of post-stroke patients. Thirty patients who were six months post-stroke were assigned to either the experimental group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 15). Stroke patients in the experimental group underwent rTMS and mirror therapy for the lower limbs, while those in the control group underwent rTMS and sham therapy. Participants in both groups received therapy five days per week for four weeks. A significant difference in post-training gains for the single support phase, step length, stride length and velocity was observed between the experimental group and the control group (p < 0.05). The experimental group showed a significant increment in the single support phase, step length, stride length, swing phase, velocity, cadence, double support phase and step width as compared to pre-intervention (p < 0.05). The control group showed a significant increment in step length, velocity, cadence and step width compared to preintervention (p < 0.05). Further investigation of the availability and feasibility of rTMS integrated mirror therapy for post-stroke patients as a therapeutic approach for gait rehabilitation is warranted.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.875-877
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 개선된 charge pump 회로를 이용하여 구성한 터치스크린 패널 드라이버를 소개한다. 터치 패널 드라이버는 크게 터치를 감지하는 아날로그 센싱 부분과 감지된 신호를 처리하는 디지털 신호 처리 부분으로 이루어진다. 제안된 터치스크린 드라이버의 동작을 확인하기 위하여 혼성 모드로 회로를 구성하고 Cadence Spectre를 이용하여 그 동작을 검증하였다. 디지털 회로 부분은 Verilog-A 모델링하여 아날로그 부분과의 인터페이스가 가능하게 하여, 그 동작을 검증함으로써 동작의 신뢰성을 확보하였고 시뮬레이션 시간을 줄일 수 있었다. 시뮬레이션 결과 ADC가 없는 간단한 구조의 디지털 신호 변환으로 터치 패널 드라이버의 안정적인 동작을 확인하였다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to identify influence that PNF method have an effect in function restoration of the impaired patients of central nervous system. Methods : The data were collected by 15 adult stroke patients. The treatment was based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Temporal and spatial parameters of gait were analysed for using the computerized GAITRite system. Results : In the comparison of functional ambulation profile(FAP) before and after experiment, the FAP was significantly increased in the PNF method. The gait velocity, cadence and single support time asymmetry ratio was significantly increased in the PNF method. The Motor Assessment Scale was significantly increased in the PNF method. Conclusions : Based on these results, it is concluded that the forced PNF method for 6 weeks can be improve the temporal-spatial gait parameters including FAP in hemiplegic patients. Therefore, the forced PNF method is useful to improve the function restoration in hemiplegic patients. Further study should be done to analyze the effects of intervention duration of treatment, optimal time to apply the treatment in more long peried.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2021

Objective: Stroke patients generally have problems with motor function, muscle weakness, and gait.This study was purposed toevaluate the effect of the treadmill training with kinesio taping of tibialis anterior (TKT) on muscle function, tibialis anterior, muscle strength, and gait ability in poststroke patients. Design: A randomized controlled design Methods: The participants were randomly divided in the TKT group (experimental group) and treadmill training with sham kinesio taping (control group), with 21 patients assigned to each group. Both groups receive treadmill training with kinesio taping and sham kinesio taping for 30 minutes per day, five days per week, for four weeks. The motor function was measured using the Fugl-Meyer assessment. A disital manual muscle test and G-walk were used to evaluate ankle dorsiflexor and gait ability.Evaluation was performed baseline and 4 weeks after the experiment. Results: Both groups showed significantly more improvement in muscle function, tibialis anterior muscle strength, cadence, gait velocity, and stridelength in pre-post intervention change(p<0.05).The experimental group showed significantly more improvement in motor function, muscle strength, cadence, gait velocity, and stridelength ability comparedto the control group(p<0.05). Conclusions: These finding show the benefits of treadmill training with kinesio taping for functional recovery in poststroke patients

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.506-510
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 current detection 구조로 인하여 load regulation의 변화를 향상시킨 LDO를 제안하였다. 제안된 LDO 레귤레이터는 출력단에 제안된 current detection 회로를 추가하였다. 그로인하여 출력에 부하전류에 따른 전압 값의 regulation을 향상시켜 기존 LDO 레귤레이터보다 load Regulation의 변화량을 향상시켰다. 제안한 current detection 구조를 사용하여 부하전류의 변화에 따른 출력 변화를 약 60 % 가량 향상시킬 수 있었다. Cadence의 Virtuoso, Spectre 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 특성을 시뮬레이션 및 검증하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.552-556
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 전류 제어 회로를 이용하여 load Transient response 특성을 향상시킨 capless LDO(low drop-out) 레귤레이터를 제안하였다. LDO 레귤레이터 내부의 오차증폭기와 패스 트랜지스터 사이에 전류 조절 회로를 두어 전압 라인에 들어오는 전류특성을 개선시켜 기존의 LDO 레귤레이터보다 향상된 transient 응답특성을 갖는다. 제안된 회로는 cadence의 virtuoso, spectre 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 0.18 um 공정에서 특성을 분석하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 제안된 회로 구성을 이용한 LDO의 load transient response는 기존 LDO과 비교하여 부하 전류가 rising time인 경우 1.954 us에서 1.378 us, falling time인 경우 19.48 us에서 13.33 us으로 약 29%, 28% 개선된 응답속도를 가진다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.670-681
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• 2019

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a system which is used to encode data using multiple carriers instead of the traditional single carrier system. This method improves the spectral efficiency (optimum use of bandwidth). It also lessens the effect of fading and intersymbol interference (ISI). In 1995, digital audio broadcast (DAB) adopted OFDM as the first standard using OFDM. Later in 1997, it was adopted for digital video broadcast (DVB). Currently, it has been adopted for WiMAX and LTE standards. In this project, a Verilog design is employed to implement an OFDM transmitter (DAC block) and receiver (FFT and ADC block). Generally, OFDM uses FFT and IFFT for modulation and demodulation. In this paper, 16-point FFT decimation-in-frequency (DIF) with the radix-2 algorithm and direct summation method have been analyzed. ADC and DAC in OFDM are used for conversion of the signal from analog to digital or vice-versa has also been analyzed. All the designs are simulated using Verilog on ModelSim simulator. The result generated from the FFT block after Verilog simulation has also been verified with MATLAB.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain detailed and quantified data concerning the effects of plantarflexor muscle fatigue induced in the non-paretic side on the spatial and temporal gait parameters of the bilateral lower extremities during walking in stroke patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients with chronic stroke. The load contraction fatigue test was applied to induce muscle fatigue in the non-paretic plantarflexor muscle. Step length, stride length, double support, gait velocity and cadence, and functional ambulatory profile (FAP) score in the bilateral lower extremities were measured using a gait analysis system in order to investigate changes in temporal and spatial gait parameters caused by muscle fatigue on the non-paretic side. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated using a paired t-test. Results: A review of the results for gait parameters revealed a significant increase in double support (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in step length, stride length, gait velocity and cadence, and FAP score (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that the muscle fatigue in the non-paretic side of the stroke patients also affected the paretic side, which led to a decrease in gait functions. This implies a necessity to perform exercise or training programs in a range of clinical aspects not causing muscle fatigue.