• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.251-268
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• 2016

The present study has the purpose of analyzing the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and success factors of small-scale start-up founders as well as the relationship between success factors and performances of start-up businesses. It is also aimed in this study to determine the structural effects of start-up founders' characteristic upon their performances and by thus, to provide those who prepare for and/or have been operating start-up business with suggestions for stable and successful start-up as well operation. The study resulted in the following outcomes: First, the analysis of the relationship between characteristics and success factors of start-up business found that the empirical characteristics of small-scale start-up business founders might influence every factor for their success including the financial conditions as well as management of shops, products and service. Their psychological characteristics, however, turned out to have influence upon the management of products and service only, but not upon the financial conditions and management of shops, a result implying that the higher desire and creativity small-scale start-up business founders have, the more probable the start-up businesses become successful. Second it was learned from the analysis of the relationship between success factors and performances of start-up businesses that such success factors of start-ups as financial conditions as well as management of shops, products and service could exercise impact upon their performances, signifying that the exact decision making of small-scale start-up founders might affect the performances of small-scale start-up businesses. Third, the analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and performances of start-up founders revealed that both empirical and psychological characteristics of start-up founders might have influence upon the performances of start-up businesses, leading to the conclusion that small-scale start-up founders could achieve higher performances in their start-up when they are highly aware of empirical and psychological characteristics for start-up as part of entrepreneurial characteristics.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2015

Purpose - This study investigated the demographic characteristics of retirees who sought not to be reemployed or join an organization but, instead, to be self-employed. This study verified self-employment by regional and/or educational features to determine the self-employment factors and the policies required. Research design, data, and methodology - Models and hypotheses were used to verify the conversion into self-employment depending on retirees' demographic characteristics. This study investigated regions according to precedent studies and used SPSS 18.0 as follows. First, frequency was used to investigate the general characteristics. Second, a factor correlation analysis was done. Results - Hypothesis 1, which stated that, "retirees with low educational background often start a self-employed business," was significant. Hypothesis 2, which stated that, "retirees in metropolitan areas frequently start a self-employed business," was significant. Hypothesis 3, which stated that, "retirees in a megalopolis frequently start a self-employed business," was significant. Conclusions - A preliminary startup education was needed to lessen the losses. Retirees should have preliminary knowledge of actual self-employment conditions to be given a startup education.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.13-28
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the start-up factors in start-up tourism companies and to analyze how these factors influence business performance. This study will be conducted for the further exploratory study with in-depth research with literature reviews, interviews and surveys. Research design, data, and Methodology - The activation of entrepreneurship is very important factor as for not only the development of entrepreneurship which is the characteristic of the innovative and risks-taking for the success of the enterprise, but also the sustainable growth and creation of performance of the entrepreneur. In other words, if it is the entrepreneurial spirit affects entrepreneurship, it is entrepreneurial orientation that continuously affects entrepreneurs. In order to achieve the above purposes, this study conducted literature research and empirical studies. Result & Conclusions - The sub-factors for independent entrepreneurial variables' orientation are classified as creativity, technological, enterprising, and innovation, and subordinate variables were set of management performance. The sub-factors of the control variable government support policy are classified as financial support, consulting support, and marketing support. For the purpose of empirical analysis, this paper collects data on companies selected for tourism venture business competition and CEOs of SMEs tourism for less than 7 years.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2018

This study examined which influence the entrepreneurial environment and charateristics of start-up preparation have upon a start-up intention. For the purpose of offering useful data so that the hope-entrepreneurs of planning start-up can do more successful start-up through this, it carried out questionnaire from June 13, 2018 to July 14, 2018 targeting employee are located in K region. As a result, excluding 6 copies with a difficulty in the application to statistics among totally 205 copies, 199 copies were chosen as the final samples. Data were conducted reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis by using SPSS 23.0. The results are as follows. First, the entrepreneurial environment had a significant impact on a start-up intention. Second, the start-up preparation level had a significant effect on a start-up intention. However, this study limited the sampling region to A area, thereby having a limitation in generalizing the findings all over the country. Moreover, there is a suggestion that a continuous research will need to be performed in terms of an influential factor in pre-entrepreneurs' start-up intention as well as in entrepreneurial environment and start-up preparation level.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-57
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the moderating effect of venture start-up and general start-up based on what kinds of entrepreneurs' personal characteristics, business capabilities, and start-up motivation factors affecting start-up satisfaction. This study conducted an online survey of companies who received credit guarantee for start-ups from KCGF(Korea Credit Guarantee Fund), and finally collected 320 survey data. And it conducted statistical analyses such as frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, etc. using SPSS 24.0 statistics program. The results of the study were as follows. First, it is tested that creativity, one of entrepreneurs' characteristics, had a positive effect(+) on start-up satisfaction. Second, it is found that the failure burden, one of entrepreneurs' characteristics, had a negative effect(-) on start-up satisfaction. Third, experiences, one of entrepreneurs' characteristics, had not a significant effect on start-up satisfaction. Fourth, it was analyzed that business capabilities such as technology research and development, marketing, networking, and financing had a positive effect(+) on start-up satisfaction. Fifth, it is tested that the economic and self-realization motivation had a positive effect(+) on start-up satisfaction. Sixth, start-up satisfaction had a positive effect(+) on business performances. Last, it was analyzed that venture start-ups had a more positive effect than general start-up in the creativity, technology research and development, and the self-realization of start-up motivation affecting start-up satisfaction. And, it was found that venture start-ups have a less negative effect than general start-up in the failure burden affecting start-up satisfaction.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.253-265
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of curiosity, the personal characteristics of start-up founders, on entrepreneurship. Among the various factors that make up the entrepreneurship, this study identified the relationship between the practical factors (challenge, innovativeness, competition) and the founder's curiosity. Based on previous studies, curiosity was divided into four individual factors: deficiency, playfulness, social curiosity, and stimulus pursuit. For each individual factor, we analyzed meaningful relationship with entrepreneurship. In addition, the founders were classified into those who simply think of starting a business, those preparing to start a business, and those who started the business. Each group was analyzed their degree of curiosity. The data were analyzed based on the final 248 data for entrepreneurs who are preparing or starting their own business in Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. Analysis shows that curiosity is higher in those who prepare or start a business than those who think about it. Curiosity has been found to have a positive effect on both the challenge, the innovation, and the composition of the competition. In addition, in entrepreneurship, the challenge was found to have a positive effect on innovation, but it did not affect competition composition. The characteristics of individual factors of curiosity were also different, and there was a significant effect of deficiency and playfulness on challenge, social curiosity and stimulus pursuit on innovation, and stimulus pursuit on competition. These findings are significant in identifying and analyzing curiosity as a factor influencing entrepreneurship. The results of the analysis can help theoretical expansion of entrepreneurship. In addition, it can provide important implications for the direction of entrepreneurship education and program development among volunteer activities for prospective entrepreneurs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.203-210
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• 2021

This paper explores the direct relationships between perceived support, attitude toward entrepreneurship, institutional environment, entrepreneurship education, risk-taking, and entrepreneurial intention. A survey of 1,000 students in Vietnam was conducted through face-to-face structured interviews. The confirmatory factor analysis and technique of structural equation modeling were used to explore relationships among latent constructs. The results show that entrepreneurship education, attitude, and social norms positively affect entrepreneurial intention. The findings of this study suggest that attitude has the strongest effect on entrepreneurial intention. More specifically, when students have an attitude toward entrepreneurship, they are more likely to start their own businesses. Research also showed that students are more likely to start a business when they find support from those around them and the knowledge and skills from the university. In contrast, the remaining factors, including perceived support, institutional environment, and risk-taking, do not affect entrepreneurial intention. The reasons for this result are that students cannot accurately assess risks due to lack of entrepreneurial knowledge, and start-up policies in Vietnam are currently focusing on financial support, but not on many other aspects, so that it may lead to start-up policies not being appreciated. The results provide implications for policymakers and educators for entrepreneurship development.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.93-120
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• 2007

To promote the commercialization of high technology based start-up company, it is essential to activate technology trading for the Innovative Small & Medium companies which eager to acquire technology competitiveness through technology trading and facilitate financial system which provide Small & Medium companies with technology commercialization money. This study focus on enhancing credibility of technology valuation solutions through the improvement of the existing technology valuation solutions. The existing technology valuation solutions in practice have deficiency in reasonable valuation because of subjective technology factor's calculation. And the commercialization risk of high technology based start-up companies cannot be fully reflected in the existing valuation solutions. The high risk of technology commercialization acts as a hurdle in the facilitation of providing money for the start-up companies. The improved new model will have more acceptable objectivity and reasonably reflect the commercialization risk of start-up companies. The new model has two distinctive features compared to existing solutions. The new model newly adopts commercialization success factor which reflects the risk of high technology based start-up company. And the new model excludes technology factor which is controversial among interested parties. The exclusion of technology factor will improve the objectivity of technology valuation and the adoption of commercialization success factor will solicit investor and capitalist who concern the high risk of technology based start-up companies. In conclusion, the improved new model is expected to activate technology trading and facilitate the money market through which high technology based start-up companies raise commercialization money.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

This study aimed to verify those start-up mentoring educational factors in this society where any systematic and practical start-up educational contents as well as experts in the start-up education are being asked for in order to meet the demand for the start-up. Not only to build up a theoretical foundation for how to make the best use of the start-up mentoring education as in the start-up educational programs but also to understand any possibilities of that education, the study divided the start-up mentoring educational factors into features of the start-up mentoring educational contents, a start-up mentoring educational system and an ability of a mentor in charge of start-up mentoring education as independent variables, and regarding the satisfaction with the start-up education and the start-up intention, the study determined them as dependent variables. The study, then, designed a research model and formulated hypotheses. In order to verify those hypotheses, the study conducted an empirical analysis on those who have finished the start-up educational course in JST, Incheon, which has been actively engaging in the start-up mentoring education. According to the results from the empirical analysis, first, of all the start-up mentoring educational factors, the features of the contents and the mentor's ability were observed to improve the satisfaction with the education as the features of the start-up mentoring educational contents and the system appeared to have a positive influence on the start-up intention.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.396-416
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• 2019

The key conditions for the promotion of innovative technology-based start-ups are expanding the market for innovative technology products and services, increasing equity-based funding opportunities, promoting the commercialization of technological innovation, and establishing a fair-trade system for start-ups to compete fairly in the market. Besides, there is a need for a support system that minimizes the cost of failure in case of business failure to facilitate re-challenge and provides education and training opportunities to enhance entrepreneurial capabilities. To activate technology-based start-ups, the Korean government introduced the TIPS policy in 2013. It is a program that creates technology start-up with private investment led by successful venture entrepreneurs, which has shown remarkable achievement and is regarded as the most successful policy in this field up to now. The most critical factor contributed to the success of this program is to invite private investors to select a technology entrepreneurship team and provide mentoring with the investment. The government provides R&D funding with matching investment, commercialization and marketing support to ensure that technology start-ups survive crossing the death-valley. Subsequent investments from domestic and abroad investors are actively made and it is becoming a representative technology-based start-up program in Korea.