• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.465-479
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• 1995

We randomly assigned 61 healthy subjects(male 14, female 47) to compare the experimental pain threshold and skin temperature between high mode TENS and burst mode TENS. In this study, 61 subjects were divided into three groups ; high mode TENS(n=20), burst mode TENS (n=20), and control group(n=21). Experimental pain thresholds and skin temperatures were measured before, immediately after cessation of stimulation, and at 30 minutes post stimulation. Stimulation was applied to the dorsal surface of the forearm(L14, LI10). Pain thresholds were measured by chronaxie meter. Skin temperature were measured by electrical digital thermometer. The results are as follows ; 1. There were no statistical difference in the pain threshold and skin temperature at before TENS stimulation among the three groups(p>0.05). 2. The pain threshold and skin temperature in burst mode TENS group was significantly higher and longer effect than that in high mode TENS group and control group(p<0.01). 3. The pain threshold in burst mode TENS group decreased to prestimulation levels by 30 minutes poststimulation. 4. The skin temperature in burst mode TENS group decreased to prestimulation levels by 20 minutes poststimulation. 5. The skin temperature was significantly difference among three group at immediately after, and at 30 minutes poststimulation and the skin temperature in burst mode TENS group was significantely higher than that in two groups(p<0.001). 6. The increasing rate of pain threshold in high mode TENS group after immediately cassation of stimulation was 24.3%(p<0.001). 7. The increasing rate of pain threshold in burst mode TENS group after immediately cessation of stimulation was 93.5% (p<0.001).

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.290-300
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• 2008

We apply IEEE 802.3 frame burst mode (FBM) to the Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) downstream link and compare its performance with non-frame burst mode for various traffic patterns. Although in light traffic loads (p<0.5) the efficiency of the FBM mechanism is not significant, it does feature high throughput, small jitter, low queue occupancy, and short queuing delay in optical line terminals under various traffic loads with various numbers of optical network units (ONUs). The FBM performance always approaches that of full-duplex mode, especially under heavy traffic loads (p>0.5). Moreover, an increase in number of ONUs will decrease the burst performance. Our work shows that FBM scheme is very useful for EPON transmission and has low design complexity.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권7C호
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• pp.706-714
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 VDL(VHF Digital Link) Mode-2 D8PSK 변조 방식에 적용 가능한 Burst Mode AGC Loop와 Preamble 검출기를 제안하고 구현한 결과를 제시하였다. 일반적으로 AGC 방법은 연속 모드와 버스트 모드로 구분할 수 있다. 연속모드는 아날로그 피드백 방법으로도 우수한 성능을 얻을 수 있다. 그러나 연속모드에서 사용한 AGC 루프를 버스트 모드에 적용하는 것은 곤란하며 응답속도가 빼른 디지털 AGC 루프가 적합하다. 버스트 모드 통신에서 수신기의 AGC 루프는 휴지 구간에서 최대 이득을 갖도록 설계해야 신호 레벨이 작을 때에도 버스트의 존재 여부를 알 수 있다. 만약 버스트 시작 위치에 프리앵블이 있을 경우 버스트 구간에서 AGC 루프가 충분한 응답 속도를 갖지 못하면 프리엠블 시작점에서 수 심벌구간 동안 신호가 포호(saturation) 된다. 이렇게 되면 프리앵블 검출에 실패하거나 검출이 되었다 하더라도 프리앵블을 이용빼 복조 시에 필요한 각종 파라미터 추정에 영향을 미쳐 원하는 성능을 얻기 어려워진다. 본 논문에서는 이런 이유에서 AGC 루프와 프리엠블 검출기와의 연관성을 분석하고 버스트 모드에 적합한 AGC 루프와 프리앵블 검출기에 대해서 기술한다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2003

This paper describes a novel burst-mode clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit which can be used for 622Mbps burst mode applications. The CDR circuit is basically a phase locked loop (PLL) having two phase detectors (PDs), one for the reference clock and the other for the NRZ data, whose operations are controlled by an external control signal. This CDR was fabricated in a 1-poly 5-metal $0.25{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS technology. Jitter generation, burst/continuous mode data receptions were tested. Operational frequency range is 320Mhz~720Mhz and BER is less than 1e-12 for PRBS31 at 622Mhz. For the same data sequence, the extracted clock jitter is less than 8ps rms. Power consumption of 100mW was measured without I/O circuits.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2020

This paper describes a real-time monitoring system in Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) that uses burst-mode fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensors. The FBG interrogation unit in the optical line terminal (OLT) transmits the monitoring wavelength to optical network units (ONUs). The FBG sensor unit in each ONU returns a burst-mode monitoring signal to the OLT. As the system applies time division multiple access (TDMA), a uniform Bragg wavelength can be used to monitor the EPON system. The FBG interrogation unit analyzes the received burst-mode monitoring signals and outputs fault information on the ONU branches in EPON. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed monitoring system based on TDMA. In addition, we compared the proposed TDMA-based monitoring system with a WDMA-based monitoring system.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1346-1355
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• 2005

최근 FTTH (Fiber-To-The-Home) 구현을 위한 수동형 광 가입자망 (PON, Passive Optical Network)에 대한 연구가 매우 활발하게 진행되고 있다. PON 구성에 있어, 버스트-모드 광송수신기는 핵심이 되는 모듈이다. 본 논문에서는 상용화된 칩을 이용하여 155.52Mps급 버스트 모드 광송수신기 모듈 시제품을 제작하고 성능을 측정한다. 또한, 버스트-모드 광 클록 재생의 새로운 방법을 제안하고, CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device)를 이용하여 구현 한 다음, 제작된 모듈 시제품에 연동하여 성능을 비교하였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2013

1.25Gbps PON(Passive Optical Network)용 버스트 모드 광 수신기를 설계하고 $0.8{\mu}m$ BiCMOS공정을 사용해 제작하였다. 지수함수 증폭기를 이용하여 AGC(Automatic Gain Control) 신호 생성 소요 시간을 단축시켜 버스트 앞부분의 데이터 손실을 최소화하였다. 측정결과 버스트 모드 광 수신기의 AGC 기능은 정상적으로 잘 동작하고 특성도 양호함을 확인하였다. 한편, 아이패턴의 아이는 열려있기는 하나 심한 파형 왜곡이 있고, 이로 인해 지터 특성 저하되고 있었다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2011

In this paper, a newsynchronization technique applied to burst-mode communication is proposed. A synchronization technique is to estimate carrier frequency and phase offsets in a noisy channel environment. A fundamental problem for estimating the parameters(carrier phase and frequency offsets) in burst-mode transmission is that the ways of pursuing estimation accuracy and transmission efficiency are always trade-off. To solve this problem, a new carrier recovery technique is proposed to improve the transmission efficiency with reliable performance especially at low S/N. In the proposed technique, the synchronization parameters are first estimated based on a data-aided feed-forward estimation scheme. Then, a phase tracker using decision-directed DPLL estimates the phase offset for the data portion of the burst data. From simulation results, it shows fast synchronization with shorter preamble maintaining reasonable BER performance at low S/N.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2016

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved as a innovative cure for cancer, 1996. The effect is death of cancer cells through necrosis, apoptosis. Mainly the Continuous Wave mode (CW) use for PDT Laser. It sting, the question including itch, and etc. Reportedly, the increase of temperature with the perforated edema, ulcer, necrosis. The Thermal relaxation time and Oxygen recovery time is necessary. To give a normal oxygen recovery time of the cell, used Pulse mode. Progress, it was Burst Pulse mode when easing the thermal wake, the simplicity was secured, the PDT effect is good. Excepted in control group CW, Pulse, Burst pulse mode were incubated with various concentrations of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA-5). The tumor size reduction CW mode (44%), Pulse mode (48%), Burst pulse mode (53%) at 4 week after PDT with 0.3, 0.3, 0.3 mg/ml of ALA-5. After 4 hours, investigation of 100, 100, $100J/cm^2$ laser irradiation. The pulse mode was superior in expirimental data analysis. And it was the Burst pulse mode edge head of a family effect.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2004

A new burst mode clock and data recovery circuit is realized that improves the previousldy-known gated-oscilletor technique with half rate clock recovery, The circuit was fabricated with 0.25um CMOS technology, and its functions were confirmed up to 1 Gbps.