• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.180-183
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• 2006

We report for the first time two-bit operational characteristics of a high-density NOR-type polysilicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) array with common source line (CSL). An undesired disturbance, especially drain disturbance, in the NOR array with CSL comes from the two-bit-per-cell operation. To solve this problem, we propose an efficient bulk-biased programming technique. In this technique, a bulk bias is additionally applied to the substrate of memory cell for decreasing the electric field between nitride layer and drain region. The proposed programming technique shows free of drain disturbance characteristics. As a result, we have accomplished reliable two-bit SONOS array by employing the proposed programming technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.2 no.S1
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• pp.29-41
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• 1996

The present paper deals with the casualties of bulk carriers, many of which resulted in catastrophic and fatal consequencies - losses of ships and lives. In fact the fatality and the alarming statistics of bulk carrier casualty have ling been criticized since 1980's by several seafarers. In the paper, the features of hull structure and operation of bulk carrier are, firstly, examined and, then, casualties and major causes are speculated, Secondly, the issues of circumstances around shipping and naval architectural circles related to the casualties are raised and discussed. Finally, it highlights the need and the way for a higher safety standard for the shipping industy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.170-173
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• 2003

In this paper, we proposed a new bulk LDMOS structure which can be used for RF application, and its fabrication steps were introduced. The simulated devices consist of three types: Bulk device, SLB(SOI Like Bulk), and SOI device. As a result of process and device simulation, we showed electrical characteristics, such as threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, DIBL(Drain Induced Barrier Lowering), off-state current, and breakdown voltage. In this simulation study, the lattice temperature model was adopted to see the device characteristics with lattice temperature during the operation. SLB device structure showed the best breakdown characteristics among the other structures. The breakdown voltage of SLB structure is about 9V, that of bulk is 7V, and that of SOI is 8V.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.695-702
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• 2009

Dynamic behavior of Libr-water absorption system using low-temperature hot water was investigated numerically. Thermal-hydraulic model of single-effect/double-lift 100 RT chiller was developed by applying transient conservation equations of total mass, Libr mass, energy and momentum to each component. Transient variations of system properties and transport variables were analysed during start-up operation. Numerical analysis were performed to quantify the effects of bulk concentration and part-load operation on the system performance in terms of cooling capacity, coefficient of performance, and time constant of system. For an absorption chiller considered in the present study, optimum bulk concentration was found to exist, which resulted in the minimum time constant with stable cooling capacity. COP and time constant increased as the load decreased down to 40%, below which the time constant increased abruptly and COP decreased as the load decreased further.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.184-186
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• 2003

As STATCOM is considered to be installed in bulk power system, various studios are conducted to establish strategies for system operation considering STATCOM. This paper describes control strategy for coordinating STATCOM with existing switched shunt in bulk power system.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

This experimental study was carried out to obtain both low emissions and high thermal efficiency by rapid bulk combustion. Two kinds of experiments were conducted to obtain fundamental data on the operation of a RI engine by a radical ignition method. First, the basic experiments were conducted to confirm rapid bulk combustion by using a radical ignition method in a constant volume chamber (CVC). In this experiment, the combustion velocity was much higher than that of a conventional method. Next, to investigate the desirable condition of engine operation using radical ignition, an applied experiment was conducted in an actual engine based on the basic experiment results obtained from CVC condition. A sub-chamber-type diesel engine was reconstructed using a SPI type engine with controlled injection duration and spark timing, and finally, converted to a RI engine. In this study, the operation characteristics of the RI engine were examined according to the sub-chamber's specifications such as the sub-chamber volume and the diameter and number of passage holes. These experimental results showed that the RI engine operated successfully and was affected by the ratio of the passage hole area to the sub-chamber volume.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.204-209
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• 2016

The analyses on self-heating effect in 7 nm node non-rectangular Bulk FinFET device were performed using 3D device simulation with consideration to contact via and pad. From self-heating effect simulation, the position where the maximum lattice temperature occurs in Bulk FinFET device was investigated. Through the comparison of thermal resistance at each node, main heat transfer path in Bulk FinFET device can be determined. Self-heating effect with device parameter and operation temperature was also analyzed and compared. In addition, the impact of interconnects which are connected between the device on self-heating effect was investigated.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.64-69
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• 2015

Self-heating effects of bulk and SOI FinFETs on device structure are examined with TCAD simulation. The degradation of drive current in SOI FinFET is severer than that of bulk one in steady-state condition as expected. However, it is shown that the dynamic self-heating effects of SOI FinFETs are comparable to those of bulk FinFETs for high speed logic operation, especially in realistic device structure.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine the kinetic friction coefficient bulk density, dynamic and static angle of repose, and terminal velocity of the chopped rice straw in the moisture range of 8~23%, which could be used for better design and operation of the processing machinery and handling facilities. Friction coefficient was determined from the horizontal traction force measured by pulling the container holding the mass of rice straw on the various plate materials. Bulk density was measured with an apparatus consisting of a filling funnel and a receiving vessel. Dynamic angle of repose was calculated from the photos of bulk samples piled by gravity flow on a circular platform. Static angle of repose was determined by measuring the side angle of the bulk material which was left in the cylindrical container after natural discharge of the bulk sample through a circular hole in the bottom plate. Kinetic friction coefficients of rice straw on the PVC, mild steel, stainless steel, and galvanized steel were in the range of 0.303~0.434, 0.222~0.439, 0.204~0.448, and 0.206~0.407, respectively. and indicated linear increase with moisture content. The effects of moisture change on the friction coefficients were in the order of PVC, mild steel, galvanized steel, and stainless steel. Bulk density, dynamic and static angle of repose, and terminal velocity were in the range of 56.8~60.3 kg/m$^3$, 41.4~45.9$^{\circ}$, 94.4~100.8$^{\circ}$, and 1.07~4.48 m/s, respectively, and were increased linearly with the moisture content.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07c
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• pp.1510-1513
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• 1999

Carried out simulation for yearly peak and March load time of the KEPCO Power System in 1999. Analysis of the problems in power system operation by powerflow, fault and stability study. Establishment of power system optimal operating plan by installation of power system stabilizer.