• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1999

The study of HTS(High Temperature Superconducting) bulk in magnetic levitation system requires the calculation of currents distribution in HTS bulk is very important to determine this forces. We have made computer program to find this current distribution and levitation force. J-E relation in HTS bulk is extremely nonlinear, so iteration method must be used to determine the current distribution. We developed the method to determine the current distribution in the unifrom-field model and, using this method, calculated the levitation force in permanent-magnet-levitation model.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2000

The bulk curing experiment to improve the quality of flue-cured leaves were carried out to evaluate relationship between the modified(3 step-up) drying and conventional drying method in bulk curing process. Modified drying method was somewhat higher values in yellowing color index of cured leaves, and less brittle than those in conventional drying program. As to the chemical properties, there was no difference in chemical component levels in cured leaves between the modified and the conventional methods, while the major chemical compounds in relation to aromatic essential oil of cured leaves showed mostly higher level in the modified method than that in conventional drying method. Additionally 3 step-up drying method increased the tobacco quality by 2 % in price per kg compared with conventional drying method.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.224-227
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• 1993

Weight (g/root) and bulk density (g/$cm^3$) of tap root in 15-root-grade of 4-year-old white ginseng were investigated by specific gravity and weight-volume method. Bulk density measured by specific gravity ranged from 0.8 to 1.2g/$cm^3$ with almost normal distribution in frequency (number 1 of roots). Bulk density measured by volume-weight method had significant correlation with root weight. The percentage of high bulk density root (above 1.0) showed significant positive correlation with mean root weight or mean bulk density of root weight, indicating that the growth conditions for large root provide the better compactnes of root tissue.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2019

A large grain YBCO bulk superconductor is fabricated by the top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) method. In the TSMG process, the seed crystal is placed on the top surface of a partially melted compact and therefore the seed crystal is frequently tilted during the melt process due to intrinsic unstable nature of Y211 particle +liquid phase mixture. In this work, we report the successful growth of single-domain YBCO bulk superconductors by a bottom-seeded melt growth (BSMG) method. Investigations on the trapped magnetic field and the microstructures of the synthesized specimens show that a bottom-seeded melt growth method has hardly affected on the crystal growth behavior, the microstructure development and the magnetic properties of the large grain YBCO bulk superconductors. The bottom-seeded melt growth method is clearly beneficial for the stable control of seed orientation through the melt process for the fabrication of a large grain YBCO bulk superconductor.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2011

To improve trapped field characteristics of a high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk, a technique to implement artificial holes has been studied. The artificial holes, filled up with epoxy or metal, may provide better cooling channel and enhance mechanical strength of the HTS bulk. Although many useful researches based on experiments have been reported, a numerical approach is still limited because of several reasons that include: 1) highly non-linear electromagnetic properties of HTS; and 2) difficulty in modeling of randomly scattered "small" artificial holes. In this paper, a 2-D finite element method with iteration is adopted to analyze trapped field characteristics of HTS bulk with artificial holes. The validity of the calculation is verified by comparison between measurement and calculation of a trapped field in a $40{\times}40\;mm$ square and 3.1 mm thick HTS bulk having 16 artificial holes with diameter of 0.7 mm. The effects of sizes and array patterns of artificial holes on distribution of trapped field within HTS bulk are numerically investigated using suggested method.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 1999년도 제1회 학술대회논문집(KIASC 1st conference 99)
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• pp.77-80
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• 1999

In this paper. We experimentally investigated the magnetic properties of YBCO bulk superconductor using AC magnetization method. The sample is 2.8cm wide in a diameter and 1.4cm long. We applied Ac magnetic field parallel to the direction of length of YBCO bulk. It is observed that YBCO bulk has the diamagnetic properties. AC loss calculation of YBCO bulk superconductor was performed by evaluating the total area of magnetization traces. As depends on the frequency and amplitude of the applied magnetic field.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2004

Microforming can be a good application for bulk metallic glasses. It is important to simulate the deformation behaviour of the bulk metallic glasses in a supercooled liquid region for manufacturing micromachine parts. For these purposes, a correct constitutive model which can reproduce viscosity results is essential for good predicting capability. In this paper, we studied deformation behaviour of the bulk metallic glasses using the finite element method in conjunction with the fictive stress constitutive model which can describe non-Newtonian as well as Newtonian behaviour. A combination of kinetic equation which describes the mechanical response of the bulk metallic glasses at a given temperature and evolution equations fur internal variables provide the constitutive equation of the fictive stress model. The internal variables are associated with fictive stress and relation time. The model has a modular structure and can be adjusted to describe a particular type of microforming process. Implementation of the model into the MARC software has shown its versatility and good predictive capability.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.629-644
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• 2013

This paper concerns about the raking damages on the ultimate residual hull girder strength of bulk carriers by applying the modified R-D diagram (advanced method). The limited raking damage scenarios, based on the IMO's probability density function of grounding accidents, were carried out by using sampling technique. Recently, innovative method for the evaluation of the structural condition assessment, which covers the residual strength and damage index diagram (R-D diagram), was proposed by Paik et al. (2012). This concept is applied in the present study and modified R-D diagram, which can be considered vessel size effect, is then proposed. Four different types of bulk carrier structures, i.e., Handysize (37K), Supramax (57K), Kamsarmax (82K) and Capesize (181K) by Common Structural Rule (CSR), were applied to draw the general tendency. The ALPS/HULL, intelligent supersize finite element method, was employed for the ultimate longitudinal strength analysis. The obtained empirical formulas will be useful for the condition assessment of bulk carrier structures. It can also cover different sizes of the bulk carriers in terms of ultimate longitudinal strength. Important insights and findings with useful guidelines developed in this study are summarized.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 1999년도 제1회 학술대회논문집(KIASC 1st conference 99)
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• pp.85-88
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• 1999

The study of HTS bulk in permanent magnet applications requires the calculation of forces acting on the bulk. Currents distribution in HTS Superconducting bulk is very important to determine this forces. We have made computer program to find this current distribution and this program is applied to some simple disc-shape HTS bulk being magnetised in a uniform field. The techniques for determination of currents are FEM analysis and iteration method.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.269-274
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• 1982

Bulk pasteurization system을 농가(農家)에 보급(普及), 실용(實用) 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하고 동(同) system을 이용(利用)한 퇴비배지(堆肥培地)의 발효방법(醱酵方法)을 확립(確立)하기 위(爲)한 실험(實驗)을 실시한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 양송이배지(培地)의 후발효과정(後醱酵過程)은 bulk pasteurization system으로 실시(實施)하는 것이 관행방법(慣行方法)보다 우수(優秀)하여 자실체수량(子實體收量)이 높았다. 2. Bulk pasteurization system으로 균배양(菌培養)을 한 결과(結果) 관행방법(慣行方法)보다 균사생장(菌絲生長)이 불량(不良)하고 수량(收量)이 낮았는데 이것은 송풍기(送風機)의 결함(缺陷)과 불완전(不完全)한 작업(作業)에 기인(基因)하였다. 3. 기존(旣存) 양송이재배사(栽培舍)를 개수(改修)한 간이(簡易) bulk pasteurization system은 배지(培地)의 발효(醱酵)가 불량(不良)하여 자실체수량(子實體收量)이 낮고 재배(栽培)의 안정성(安定性)이 적었다. 4. 배지(培地)의 후발효(後醱酵)를 bulk pasteurization 방법(方法)으로 할때 정열도달시간(頂熱到達時間), 후발효시간(後醱酵期間) 및 배지(培地)의 성분변화(成分變化)는 기온(氣溫)의 영향(影響)을 받았으나 관행방법(慣行方法)보다는 현저(顯著)한 안정성(安定性)을 보였다. 5. 시설(施設)이 잘된 bulk pasteurization system으로 후발효(後醱酵)할 때 입상시(入床時) 배지(培地)의 수분함량(水分含量)은 발효(醱酵)에 큰 影響을 미치지는 않았으나 배지(培地)의 성분(成分)에 약간 차이(差異)가 있었다.