• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.89-91
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to compare the dietary supplemental influence of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA), soybean oil(SBO) and commercial tallow(U) on performance and physiological related factor of broiler chicks. Diets contained CP 21.5, 19% and ME 3,100, 3,100kcal/kg for starting and finishing period. Each three levels(1.0, 2.0, 3.0%) of CLA, SBO, CT were supplemented to basal diets. Five hundred forty and three hundred sixty chicks were applied to 3${\times}$3, 2${\times}$3 factorial design with four replicates in Expt 1 and 2. Weight gain, food intake and feed conversion were weekly examined. Blood cholesterol, ND antibody titer, blood components and were measured at the end of experiment. Metabolizable energy(ME) were measured through the metabolic feeding trial in each oil. ME was 8,542, 9,179, 8,133 kcal/kg in CLA, SBO and CT, respectively. In Expt 1, weight gain of chicks fed 1% dietary oil was significantly lower than other treatments(P<0.05). Feed conversion was significantly improved in SBO supplemental groups of all treatments(P<0.05). In Expt 2, CLA supplements increased weight gain significantly for finishing period(P<0.05) compared to that of other treatments. Feed conversion of chicks fed 2% dietary oil was significantly improved relative that of 3%(P<0.05). HDL of 3% dietary supplemental oil treatments was significantly higher for finishing and starting period in Expt 1 and 2, respectively than other treatments(P<0.05). There were no significantly different M Antibody titer in Expt 1, but showed significance between dietary supplemental oil in Expt 2(P<0.05). CLA content of breast meat was 12.23, 18.74, 25.67 mg/g in 1, 2, and 3% CLA treatments and significantly different between them(P<0.05). As the results of these experiments, feeding CLA tended to improve the weight gain compared In that of other dietary oil, but was not increase the ND antibody titer of broiler chciks. CLA content of breast meat also showed the significance at different level of dietary supplement.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of a silicate mineral (D Lite) on growth performance, nutrient retention, carcass characteristics and meat quality in broiler chicks. A total of 640 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had four replicates comprising 40 broilers in each replicate. Dietary treatments were as follows: control (0% D Lite), and diets supplemented with 0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% of D Lite. The starter and finisher diets were fed from d 0 to 21 and d 21 to 35, respectively. Body weight gain during starter (p<0.05), finisher (p=0.057) and overall (p<0.001) experimental period and feed intake (p<0.05) during starter period decreased quadratically with increasing dietary D Lite levels. The birds fed 0.15% D Lite showed the greatest (p<0.05) overall weight gain, feed intake and retention of gross energy and calcium. There were no differences (p>0.05) in carcass characteristics, organ weights and breast meat composition. However, as the level of D Lite was increased in the diet there was a linear decrease in the TBARS values of breast meat (p<0.05) at d 12 of storage. These results suggest that D Lite supplementation at the level of 0.15% is shown to be effective in improving performance and nutrient retention in broilers.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.580-586
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• 2008

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds. These conjugated dienes were found to be responsible for many biological properties related to health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of cis-9, trans-11 CLA by Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from breast-fed infants. Nine different cultures were tested for their ability to produce cis-9, trans-11 CLA from free linoleic acid in MRS broth and 8% reconstituted skim milk medium supplemented with linoleic acid at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. cis-9, trans-11 CLA was not detected or detected in very small amount when cell pellets of strains grown in MRS broth and 8% reconstituted skim milk supplemented with linoleic acid of $200{\mu}g/mL$. However, free cis-9, trans-11 CLA was produced in both media. It appeared that 8% reconstituted skim milk produced more cis-9, trans-11 CLA than MRS broth. L. acidophilus NB 203 and NB 209 produced more cis-9, trans-11 CLA than other tested cultures. The inhibitory effects of supplemented linoleic acid on the growth of L. acidophilus NB 203 and NB 209 were not detected up to $3,000{\mu}g/mL$ linoleic acid addition during the growth at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. The production of cis-9, trans-11 CLA by these two L. acidophilus strains increased in the logarithmic growth phase until 24 hr incubation. Under this experimental condition, the best yield of CLA isomers for L. acidophilus NB 203 and NB 209 could be obtained from medium supplemented with $500{\mu}g/mL$ linoleic acid at $37^{\circ}C$ after 24 hr of incubation. These results indicate that the use of lactic acid bacteria producing free CLA in fermented dairy products may have potential health or nutritional benefits.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to compare the carcass yields and meat characteristics of three types of commercial male chicks White mini broilers, Ross broilers and Hy-Line brown chicks under the identical feeding condition. One-hundred 1-d chicks of each type were randomly placed into four pens per group (25 chicks per pen) and fed corn-soybean meal based commercial diets for 35d, 18d or 49d, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, the birds were sacrificed and subjected to carcass measurements. The dressing percentages of White mini broilers and Ross broilers were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of Hy-Line brown cockerels. The rate of breast meat of Hy-Line brown cockerels was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of White mini broilers and Ross broilers. However, Hy-Line brown cockerels showed higher (P<0.05) leg meats than the others. There were no significant differences in serum total cholesterol and the activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase among the groups. The breast meats of White mini broilers presented highest lightness value. The yellowness of breast and redness of leg meats of White mini broilers and Ross broilers were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of Hy-Line brown cockerels. There were no significant differences in the SOD-like activity and change of pH in edible meats among the groups. The meat color in White mini broilers was significantly higher than that of Hy-Line brown cockerels. No significant differences were observed in term of flavor, tenderness and overall acceptability. In conclusion, the physico-chemical properties and sensory characteristics of edible meats were not greatly affected by genotype if they were similar body weights and kept under the identical feeding condition. But the Hy-Line brown cockerels were less desirable as a meat-type strain due to lower carcass yields and inferior growth and feed conversion ratio.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary activated charcoal mixed with wood vinegar (AC) on broiler performance and antibiotics residue in eggs. In experiment 1, a total of low hundred fifty, 1-day-old male broile. chicks (Ross) were divided into 6 groups, consisting 3 replicates of 25 birds each, and 134 one of the six experimental diets: devoid of AC and antibiotics (negative control), devoid of AC with 0.1% antibiotics (positive control), devoid of antibiotics with 1% AC, with 0.1% antibiotics and 1% AC, devoid of antibiotics with 2% AC, with 0.1% antibiotics and 2% AC, for 5 wks. Feed consumption and body weights were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, eight birds from each group were selected and sacrificed. The relative weight of organs and characteristics of breast muscle were investigated. There were no significant differences in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion rate among the treatments. There were also no significant differences in the relative weight of breast meat, leg and liver. The abdominal fat tended to be decreased by the dietary AC. Significant differences were shown (P<0.05) in meat redness (a) and yellowness (b) among the treatments. However, the sensual characteristics of breast muscle was not affected by the dietary treatments. There were significant differences in total microbes, Coli forms and lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05) among the treatments. In experiment 2, a total of ninety, 40-wk-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were divided into 3 groups, consisting 3 replicates of 10 birds each and fed medicated control diet devoid of AC or diets containing 1% AC and 2% AC for 2 wks. The residue of antibiotics in Plasma and egg Yolk were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in 2% AC group compared to that of control. This study suggest that dietary AC may improve the external quality of edible meat and reduced antibiotics residue in chicken eggs without affecting laying performance.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 1988

A study was carried out to investigate meat production ability of Korean native Ogol fowl (Natural Monument No, 265). The aims of this study were to provide basal data necessary for preserve of purebred and improvement of meat production ability of this breed. A total 300 chickens were used in this study. All the chickens were ad libitum fed broiler starter during period from 0 to 4 weeks of age and broiler finisher during period from 5 to 16 weeks of age. The investigated items are as follows; body weight; growth rate: weight of edible end inedible parts; and body shape components. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Average body weight in male, female, and unsexed, of native Ogol fowls were $659.0{\pm}154.9$, $588.3{\pm}68.0$ and $623.7{\pm}121.9$ at 8 weeks of age, and $938.1{\pm}72.6$, $810{\pm}104.4$ and $874.1{\pm}109.4$g at 10 weeks of age, respectively. 2. The growth rates, unsexed, during periods 2~4, 4~6, 6~8 and 8~10 weeks of age were 166, 106, 41 and 40%, respectively. 3. The growth pattern of total edible parts in both sexes were highly significant by weeks. Total weight of edible parts in male and female were $395.4{\pm}$ and $355.6{\pm}42.0$g at 8 weeks of age, $597.5{\pm}$47.2 and $518.7{\pm}98.5$69.7g at 10 weeks of age. Percentage of total edible parts, unsexed, were 60~63% of body weight during periods from 8 to 10 weeks of age. 4. Edible giblet, unsexed, at age of 8 and 10 weeks were 4~6% of body weight. 5. Percentage of body weight of inedible part were on the decreased by weeks. The amount of blood blooded, feather plucked, inedible viscera and total inedible parts, unsexed, at 8 weeks of age were 4, 7, 12 and 31% of live body weight, respectively. 6. Except breast angle and shank diameter, the other body shape components significantly grew from 2 to 10 weeks of age. Different between male and female at 8 weeks of age were significant in breast girth, keel length, drumstick girth and shank diameter. 7. In both sexes, highly significant differences were found in the correlation coefficients between live body weight and several other body shape component, i. e., breast girth, drumstick girth, and edible part.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density on the growth performance, immune status, and meat quality of broilers. In total, 385 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to one of four distinct stocking densities: 26 birds/㎡, 22 birds/㎡, 19 birds/㎡, and 16 birds/㎡. They were fed the diet ad libitum for 5 weeks. Immunoglobulin (Ig) and corticosterone levels were evaluated, and growth performance, blood parameters, and breast meat quality were determined. It was observed that the weight gain and feed intake of growers (21~35 d) and broilers (0~35 d) were significantly reduced as the stocking density increased (P<0.05). However, the feed intake of starters (0~21 d) significantly increased as the stocking density increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the biochemical profiles among the four different stock densities. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the stress parameters: (heterophils / lymphocytes ratio and corticosterone), IgA, and IgM; however, IgG significantly increased with stocking density (P<0.05). The pH, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the muscle were all unaffected by the stocking density, but the shear force (tenderness) increased slightly as the density increased. The findings of this study suggest that a lower stocking density (16 birds/㎡) significantly improved the shear force of breast meat and IgG in broilers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1541-1548
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• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the addition of different levels of CFP (Cordyceps with fly pupa) on growth performance in broiler chickens. 400 broiler chicks (Ross 308, 1 day old) were sorted randomly into 4 treatment groups and fed experimental diets for 35 days. The treatment groups were divided into a control group not fed with CFP (T1), and treatment groups fed with CFP 2.0% (T2), CFP 3.5% (T3), and CFP 5.0% (T4). Although the broilers' weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the T3 group throughout the entirety of the test period, no statistically significant differences were noted among the T1 and T2, T4 groups. Triglyceride in the blood, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were significantly lower in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group (p<0.05). The blood lipid reduction rate ranged from 5.32 to 10.63% for triglycerides, from 9.23 to 12.62% for total cholesterol, and from 44.67 to 53.81% for LDL-C in the CFP treatment groups relative to the control group. The abdominal fat weight ratio was reduced significantly in the CFP treatment groups (p<0.05) compared with the control group, with a reduction rate range of 17.67-21.68%. Broiler carcass weight, carcass rate, and ratios of breast muscle, skin and thigh muscle weights to carcass weight were significantly higher in the T3 group, and statistically significant differences were noted among the T1 and T2, T4 groups (p<0.05). Enteropathogenic E.coli and Salmonella were lower in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group, whereas the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the CFP treatment groups than in the control group (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the Cordyceps with fly pupa can improve the carcass characteristics and body weight gain in broiler chickens.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.476-482
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• 2012

Estimations were made of oxidative susceptibility and fatty acid composition of edible meats of native chickens fed various dietary sources containing ${\omega}-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). A total of 240 Korean native chickens were divided into 4 groups, placed into 3 replicates per group, and were fed a commercial diet (Control) or one of the three experimental diets containing 10% perilla meal (PM group), 10% perilla meal-5% full fat flaxseed (PM+FS group), or 10% perilla meal-5% full fat flaxseed-1% fish oil (PM+FS+FO group) for 20 days. Final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate among the groups were not significantly different. Dietary treatments did not affect the relative weights of liver, abdominal fat, and breast muscle. The leg weight was increased from the feeding of ${\omega}-3$ PUFA sources. The TBA reactive substance in the edible meat was not different with the dietary treatments. The total ${\omega}-3$ PUFA in chickens that were fed diets containing ${\omega}-3$ PUFA sources increased compared to that of the control. The level of longer chain ${\omega}-3$ PUFAs, such as C20:5 ${\omega}3$ and C22:6 ${\omega}3$ in the PM+FS+FO group, was much higher than that of the others. The addition of local ingredients, such as perilla meal with conventional sources, could be used to obtain value-enhanced meat by enhancing ${\omega}-3$ PUFA.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2007

Purpose : Rotavirus is one of the most important etiologic agents of nosocomial infections among the neonates. This study was designed to investigate nosocomial rotavirus infection in neonates who were admitted to a postpartum-care center after birth. Methods : From March 2005 to September 2006, 957 healthy neonates were examined for rotavirus antigen in stool by immunochromatographic method and 216 neonates were rotavirus antigen positive within 24 hours after admitted to a postpartum-care center. We reviewed the nursing charts retrospectively such as characteristics, monthly distribution, birth hospitals, delivery methods, feeding types and clinical manifestations. Results : Among 957 neonates, 216 neonates (22.6%) were rotavirus antigen positive and there were no differences in sex, birth weight, gestational age. Monthly positive rate of rotavirus antigen showed diversity from 10% to 36%. According to birth hospitals, positive rate showed diversity from 3.5% to 53.6%. Out of 957 neonates, 655 cases (68.4%) were born of vaginal delivery and mean hospitalized duration was 2.4 days, 302 cases (31.6%) were born of cesarean section and mean hospitalized duration was 5.7 days. 17.6% of vaginal delivery and 33.4% of cesarean section were rotavirus antigen positive. The positive rate was higher in neonates by cesarean section than vaginal delivery (P<0.001). According to feeding types, positive rate of rotavirus antigen was lower in breast-fed group than formula-fed group (P<0.001). Proportion of symptomatic case among rotavirus antigen positive was 34.7%. Most common clinical manifestation was diarrhea (61.3%), following poor feeding (45.3%), fever (40.0%), vomiting (25.3%), delayed weight gain (12.0%), and decreased urine amount (5.3%). Conclusion : Some neonates were already infected before admission to a postpartum-care center. Without meticulous management, nosocomial rotavirus infection would transmit rapidly in a postpartum-care center spreading to the community. Recommendation of breast-feeding, routine rotavirus screeing test with or without symptom, and isolation of all rotavirus antigen positive neonates in a postpartum-care center seem to be necessary. Also attentive hygiene education and further investigations of rotavirus infection in a postpartum-care center would be needed.