• Mycobiology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2017

Severe root rot was observed in fields of cabbages (Brassica oleracea L.) in 2015 in China. Cardinal symptoms of this disease included root rot and wilting leaves. A fungus was isolated from diseased tissues consistently. Based on the morphological features and molecular analysis of the ITS-5.8S rDNA and D1/D2 domain of the 28S rRNA gene, it was identified as Plectosphaerella cucumerina. This is the first report of P. cucumerina causing cabbage root rot in China and the world.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

Plants protect against viruses through passive and active resistance mechanisms, and in most cases characterized thus far, natural recessive resistance to potyviruses has been mapped to mutations in the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E genes. Five eIF4E copies and three eIF(iso)4E copies were detected in Brassica rapa. The eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E genes could interact with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) viral protein linked to the genome (VPg) to initiate virus translation. From the yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, the TuMV-CHN2/CHN3 VPgs could not interact with BraA.eIF4E.a/c or BraA.eIF(iso)4E.c, but they could interact with BraA.eIF(iso)4E.a in B. rapa. Further analysis indicated that the amino acid substitution L186F (nt T556C) in TuMV-UK1 VPg was important for the interaction networks between the TuMV VPg and eIF(iso)4E proteins. An interaction model of the BraA. eIF(iso)4E protein with TuMV VPg was constructed to infer the effect of the significant amino acids on the interaction of TuMV VPgs-eIF(iso)4Es, particularly whether the L186F in TuMV-UK1 VPg could change the structure of the TuMV-UK1 VPg protein, which may terminate the interaction of the BraA.eIF(iso)4E and TuMV VPg protein. This study provides new insights into the interactions between plant viruses and translation initiation factors to reveal the working of key amino acids.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.587-592
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 국내에서 다소비 되는 십자화과 새싹채소 7종(콜라비, 적무, 브로콜리, 배추, 유채, 무순 및 다채)의 항산화 및 지방세포 내 ROS 생성 억제 활성을 측정하였다. 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과, 총 페놀 함량은 콜라비 새싹과 무순 추출물이 $23.97{\pm}0.46mg\;TAE/g$ 및 $24.40{\pm}1.24mg\;TAE/g$으로 유의적으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 무순 추출물이 $15.30{\pm}1.35mg\;CE/g$으로 다른 새싹채소 추출물에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거능과 ORAC value를 측정한 결과, 콜라비가 DPPH radical 소거능($IC_{50}=1.95mg/mL$)과 ORAC value($79,032.5{\mu}M\;TE/g$)에서 모두 항산화능이 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 다채를 제외한 새싹채소 추출물 6종 모두에서 세포 내 ROS 생성량을 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, 십자화과 새싹채소 중 콜라비 새싹과 무순 추출물의 경우 항산화활성 및 지방세포 내 ROS 생성 억제 활성을 가지며, 천연물 유래 항산화 소재로써 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 기대된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.364-375
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• 2014

소면적 재배작물 약효, 약해시험 그룹화를 위하여 소면적 재배작물 중 국내에 재배되는 엽채류 중 종류가 많고 재배면적이 비교적 큰 국화과 및 십자화과 작물인 상추, 잎브로콜리, 치커리, 배추, 열무, 유채, 쑥갓, 우엉, 앤디브, 겨자를 선정하여 십자화과 및 국화과에 공통으로 발생하는 병해충에 대한 포장시험 및 국내외 약효 시험성적을 비교검토 하였다. 국화과 및 십자화과 소면적 재배작물에 발생하는 흰가루병, 잿빛곰팡이병, 균핵병, 노균병, 무름병, 파밤나방, 도둑나방, 무테두리진딧물, 배추흰나비, 배추좀나방, 아메리카잎굴파리에 대한 약효시험 및 자료분석 결과에서도 기주 작물은 다르더라도 병해충이 동일종이면 방제효과가 유사한 경향으로 나타나는 것으로 보아 약효시험을 생략해도 될 가능성이 높아 국내 소면적 작물을 과별로 분류하고 동일 병원균을 대상으로 약효 외삽이 가능한 작물들을 분류한 후 작물잔류 상호적용 작물 그룹과의 연계를 검토하면 약효시험 및 잔류성 시험생략 후 약해시험만으로 간략히 적용하는 방안을 마련할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2021

Bok choy is one of Brassica vegetables widely consumed worldwide. Brassica vegetables have been reported to exert various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-cancer and cardioprotective activity. However, studies on immunostimulatory activity of bok choy sprout have not been conducted properly. Thus, in this study, we investigated in vitro immunostimulatory activity of bok choy sprout extract (BCS) using mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Our results showed that BCS increased the production of immunomodulators such as NO, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and MCP-1, and phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 cells. BCS activated MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. However, BCS-mediated production of immunomodulators was dependent on JNK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. the mRNA expression of TLR2 were significantly increased by BCS, TLR2 inhibition by anti-TLR2 dramatically suppressed the production of immunomodulators by BCS. In addition, TLR2 inhibition by anti-TLR2 significantly reduced BCS-mediated phosphorylation level of AKT, JNK and NF-κB. From these results, BCS may have immunostimulatory activity via TLR2-MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, BCS expected to be used as a potential immune-enhancing agent.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.277-281
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• 1998

There is extensive evidence suggesting the protective role of fruits and vegetables against chemically induced carcinogenesis. We have tested the ability of a representative range of Korean vegetables to act as blocking agents against neoplastic initiation by determining the induction level of quinone reductase , an anticarcinogenci marker enzyme, in hepalclc 7 cells exposed to vegetable extracts. Among thirty vegetables tested, Arcitum lappa(Burdock), Brassica juncea (Mustard leaf), Pteridium aguilinum (Bracken) and Chrysanthemum cornoratium(Crown daisy) caused a significant induction of quinone teductase activity with a limited increase in arylhdrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Combination of crown daisy with burdock had synergistic effect on quinone reductase induction. Quinone reductase-inducing activity was found mostly in hesane and ehtylactate fractions of MeOH extract of crown daisy while it ws not quinone reductase activity in liver, kideny, lung, and small intestine, confirming the presence of potent QR inducer (s) in crown daisy. These sata suggest that some vegetables including crown daisy induced QR merits further investigation as a potential cancer preventive agent in human.

• 셀메드
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.16
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• 2011

Diverse medicinal uses of different types of products obtainable from Brassica juncea have been known for centuries. Most such traditionally known uses of the plant have been centered on its seeds and oils obtainable from them. During more recent decades diverse bio-active molecules and their therapeutically interesting pharmacological properties of its green edible leaves have also been described, and they are now often considered to be effective substitutes for other so called "healthy" Brassica vegetables. However, little concentrated effort has yet been made to obtain a pharmacologically better defined phytopharmaceutical from this easily cultivable plant of commercial interest in many underdeveloped and developing countries. The main aim of this overview is to point out some possibilities for designing and developing such products from the plant for combating the rapidly spreading obesity epidemic in the developed countries and some other countries. Efforts to achieve such goals could as well be an economically more feasible, and culturally more acceptable, starting point for better understanding the potential health benefits of other vegetarian foods.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.97-99
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• 2001

Seven vegetables were planted in green houses to compare their yields and damages by insect pests based on three treatments, green music (GM), ultra sonic (US) and control. The vegetable yields of GM treatment were increased by an average of 17.81% than that of control for two years. There was a remarkable statistic difference in the yield between GM and respective controls such as radish, young radish, cucumber, spinach and Brassica oleracea var. acephala. There was no notable yield difference between US and controls for the semen vegetables within two years. The population densities of the insect pests in GM and US treatments were lower than controls. Only a few insect pests of some vegetables in GM and US treatments injured more seriously than in control.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from metabolic reactions cause oxidative DNA damage, which results in oxidative tissue injury. Therefore, there is an increasing demand in the intake of high antioxidant sources in order to maintain a healthy environment in cells. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malus domestica (apple), Pyrus communis L. (pear), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Brassica oleracea var. (broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), and Raphanus sativus L. (radish) obtained from the local market. Since these are common fruits and vegetables that are widely consumed, we aimed to investigate their beneficial properties, placing particular emphasis on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The samples were processed via an indirect heating method and their properties were compared to their raw forms. Based on DPPH and ABTS assays, processed samples showed better antioxidant activities when compared to raw samples and processed pear samples exhibited the best antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of the samples were also investigated in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6) was assessed using RT-PCR. As expected, processed samples exhibited better iNOS inhibition when compared to their raw forms and processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. The samples, up to 1 mg/mL concentration, did not exhibit cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells as demonstrated by cell viability assays. Altogether, processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory properties.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.476-488
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• 2021

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot for cruciferous vegetables worldwide, especially for the cole crops such as cabbage and cauliflower. Due to the lack of resistant cabbage cultivars, black rot has brought about considerable yield losses in recent years in China. Understanding of the pathogen features is a key step for disease prevention, however, the pathogen diversity, population structure, and virulence are largely unknown. In this study, we studied 50 Xcc strains including 39 Xcc isolates collected from cabbage in 20 regions across China, using multilocus sequence genotyping (MLST), repetitive DNA sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), and pathogenicity tests. For MLST analysis, a total of 12 allelic profiles (AP) were generated, among which the largest AP was AP1 containing 32 strains. Further cluster analysis of rep-PCR divided all strains into 14 DNA groups, with the largest group DNA I comprising of 34 strains, most of which also belonged to AP1. Inoculation tests showed that the representative Xcc strains collected from diverse regions performed differential virulence against three brassica hosts compared with races 1 and 4. Interestingly, these results indicated that AP1/DNA I was not only the main pathotype in China, but also a novel group that differed from the previously reported type races in both genotype and virulence. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive genetic diversity survey for Xcc strains in China, which provides evidence for cabbage resistance breeding and opens the gate for further cabbage-Xcc interaction studies.