• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 양식 뱀장어 및 그 부산물을 수산가공식품의 소재로 효율적으로 활용하기 위한 일련의 기초연구로 양식 뱀장어의 뼈와 육의 무기질 함량 및 지방산 조성을 분석하였다. 수분과 조단백질의 함량은 뼈보다 육이 더 높았으며 조회분, 조지방의 함량은 뼈의 함량이 더 높게 나타났다. 뱀장어뼈의 무기질 함량은 Ca 220.72mg/100g, P 169.87mg/100g, Na 117.05mg/100g, K 92.75mg/100g, Cu 6.18mg/100g, Zn 5.02mg/100g, Fe 2.56mg/100g 순이었다. 반면 뱀장어육은 Ca 120.23mg/100g, P 150.36mg/100g, Na 136.36mg/100g, K 89.36mg/100g, Cu 4.02mg/100g, Zn 1.71 mgy100g, Fe 2.03mg/100g이었다. 뱀장어뼈와 육의 지방산 조성은 oleic acid의 함량이 각각 44.40$\%$와 43.76%로 가장 많았고 그 다음이 palrnitic acid$(B4.19\%,\;21.30\%)$, palmitoleic acid$(8.18\%,\;7.72\%)$, eicosapentaenoic acid$(5.72\%,\;6.65\%)$, myristic acid$(3.96\%,\;4.34\%)$, stearic acid$(4.72\%,\;3.83\%)$ 순으로 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 하지만 포화지방산과 단일불포화지방산은 육보다 뼈의 함량이 다소 높았으며 고도불포화지방산은 육의 함량이 뼈보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과 양식 뱀장어의 뼈와 육에는 단백질, 무기질, 불포화 지방산 등이 다양하게 함유되어있어 식품으로서 영양적 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 1981

전복(全鰒)과 해삼(海蔘)을 재래식(在來式) 방법(方法)인 자건품(煮乾品)과 진공(眞空) 동결(凍結) 건조품(乾燥品)과의 일반(一般) 성분(成分) amine류(類), 육조직(肉組織) 등(等)을 비교(比較)하여 실험검토(實驗檢討) 하였다. 2종(種)의 시료(試料) 중(中) 일반(一般) 성분(成分)은 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 해삼(海蔘) 중(中)에 회분(灰分)은 자건조(煮乾燥)의 경우 28.24%, 동결(凍結)은 33.99%이었다. 회분의 조성은 Na>K>Mg>Ca 순(順)이었다. 전복(全鰒) 및 해삼(海蔘)의 생체(生體) 및 동결(凍結) 건조품중(乾燥品中) TMAO 함량에는 큰 차이(差異)가 없었고 자건품(煮乾品)은 각각(各各) 생체(生體)에 비(比)하여 43% 및 54% 감소하였다. 이들 건조제품의 TMA는 에 하여 높은 함량을 보였으며 이중 자건품(煮乾品)의 경우는 동결(凍結) 건조품(乾燥品)에 비(比)하여 증가폭(增加幅)이 컸다. 또한 건조제품의 DMA는 생체(生體)에 비(比)하여 그함량이대단히 높았으며 자건(煮乾)전복의 경우 14배(倍), 자건해삼(煮乾海蔘)의 경우 18.5(倍), 동결건조품(凍結乾燥品)은 4.7 및 6.3배(倍)이었다. 전복과 해삼의 생체(生體) 조직이 건조후에 일어나는 변화를 관찰하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.691-700
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to assess increasing doses of phytase added to broiler diets formulated with different levels of available phosphorus (avP), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na), and the respective effects on performance parameters, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of organs. Methods: Three different matrices were assumed for phytase with the following nutritional values: matrix A (MT A): 0.165% Ca, 0.150% avP, and 0.035% Na; matrix B (MT B): 0.215% Ca, 0.195% avP, and 0.045% Na; matrix C (MT C): 0.245% Ca, 0.225% avP, and 0.053% Na. There were six different diets: No phytase (formulated to meet the nutritional requirements); phytase 500 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,000 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,500 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,000 FTU/kg+MT B and phytase 1,500 FTU/kg+MT C. Results: There was no significant phytase influence on performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of the organ throughout the study period, however, it was possible to observe a tendency of improvement in body weight corrected feed conversion for broilers fed the phytase 1,500+MT C diet, where potentially these birds were more efficient on utilize phytic phosphorus and other nutrients bounded to phytate molecule, translating into improvement in performance, and there was also a non significant numerical improvement in body weight corrected feed conversion of broilers fed this diet. Conclusion: Broilers fed with diets formulated with different levels of avP, Ca, and Na and increasing doses of phytase have shown no change on performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of organs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.154-154
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• 1993

A factorial experiment was conducted to determine the influence of phytate(0 or 10g/kg diet) and calcium (Ca)(3 or 10g/kg diet) intakes on Ca, P and Zn metabolism by growing female rats. Food intake and weight were similar for the all groups, however, phytate ingestion for six weeks depressed femur growth. The low Ca plus phytate group showed the lowest Ca content of total femur and this was related to a significant decrease of Ca retention. Phytate intake depressed zinc(Zn) absorption in the first metabolic collection. This inhibitory effect of phytate on Zn absorption was improved in the low Ca plus phytate group after several weeks. Impared Zn absorption however remained in the high Ca plus phytate group which was reflected in the lowest Zn content of femur, phytate intake with high Ca also depressed phosphorous(P) absorption and serum and urinary P. These adverse effects of phytate on Zn and P absorption when the dietary Ca was high could explain reduced femur weight despite the highest concentration of femur Ca(mg/g ash) in this group. Results suggest that phytate can adversely affect not only Ca metabolism but Zn and P utilization. Thus, for the normal bone growth when phytate intake is high, the ingesion of Ca, P, Zn and other minerals should be enhanced.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to characterize physicochemical properties of chub mackerel bones (CMB) to evaluate its potential as a food resource. The proximate composition of CMB showed 40.4% moisture, 13.8% crude fat, 15.2% crude protein, and 28.7% ash. The major minerals in CMB were calcium (26.27 g/100 g) and phosphorus (15.88 g/100 g). The amino acids were rich in glycine, proline, glutamic acid, and alanine. The contents of total and neutral lipids, glycolipid and phospholipid were shown to be 16.05%, 95%, 2.32%, and 3.15%, respectively. The major fatty acids were C22:6, C16:0, C18:1, C20:5, C18:0, C17:0, C14:0, C20:1 in order. The fatty acid contents of total and neutral lipid were in a range of 39.25% and 44.54% for saturated and 33.61% and 34.05% for polyunsaturated, respectively. The breaking strength and hardness of intact CMB were 10.01 and $50.03kgf/cm^2$, whereas those of CMB heated for 45 min at $121^{\circ}C$ were 0.40 and $1.94kgf/cm^2$, respectively.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 1999

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplemental dry powder of chinese medicine refuse (CMR) on the growth performance and physiological status of broiler chicks. The treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal control diet, CMR 4 and 8% diets. A total of 120 Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 12 pens ; four pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The body weight gain and feed intake did not show ant differences among the treatment groups, but feed conversion was significantly higher (P〈0.05) in CMR 8% group than that of the control group. Hunt L and b did not show ant differences among the treatment groups, but hunt a was darker (P〈0.05) in CMR 4 and 8% group than that of the control group. The blood concentrations of total protein, sugar, glutamic-oxaloacetic-transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic-transaminase (GPT) Hemogloben were not different among the treatment groups. The pH of thigh muscle were lower in CMR 4 and 8% groups than that of the control group, but crude fat, crude ash of thigh muscle and bone hardness in brolier chicks did not show ant differences among the treatment groups. The saturated fatty acid content of the thigh muscle tende to decrease dietary CMR increased.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.213-221
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• 1995

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplemental folic acid(FA) in starting broiler chicks. In the first two experiments, basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 0.6 mg/kg FA but no supplemental methionine or choline. At 18 d of age, chicks showed curvilinear responses to folic acid supplementation with maximum growth and feed efficiencies at 1.45 mg/kg FA diet. The liver FA response was also curvilinear but reached a plateau at 1.70 mg/kg FA diet. The basal diet for 3 additional experiments contained soybean meal that had been washed with methanol to remove most of the choline. The diet contained only 0.6 mg /kg folic acid and 754 mg /kg choline. Chicks exhibited a larger growth response to folic acid at low choline levels as evidenced by a significant FA x choline interaction. FA supplementation increased but then decreased valgus leg deformity. Choline supplementation also decreased the incidences of valgus and varus leg deformities and decreased bone ash and increased the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. It is concluded that chicks fed diets based on practical ingredients require from 1.45 to 1.70 mg /kg FA diet and also 1.60 mg/kg FA when choline is offered near the NRC recommended level of 1,300 mg/kg.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2004

In order to compare the induced time of osteoporosis between ovariectomized and neurectomized models in ddY mice. Experimental groups were divided into Sham, ovariectomized (OVX group) and neurectomized (NX group) group. The changes of body weight, tibia weight and histomorphometry of epiphyseal regions of tibia that were generally used as criteria index in osteoporosis, were evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks after operations with other generally used index-changes of serum osteocalcin. Also, calcium and phosphorus levels in the ash tibia were demonstrated with their ratio (Ca/P ratio). From the result of this study, evidences which reflect osteoporotic states of animals such as decrease of absolute and relative tibia weight, histomorphometrical index of epiphyseal region of tibia including trabecular bone volume %, and calcium and phosphorous contents in tibia, were generally detected from 4 weeks after ovariectomy and 2 weeks after neurectomy with increase of serum osteocalcin levels. In conclusion, it is considered that more rapid and favorable osteoporosis was induced in neurectomized model compared to that of ovariectomized model.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.210-213
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• 2011

In this study, growth of pepper seedlings was tested by treating organic materials in a plastic green house in Ssangok-ri Dogok-myeon, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam Province from February 3, 2010 to April 19, 2010. The raised seedlings were planted to the organic planting area with an interval of $70cm{\times}55cm$ on April 20 in Deogam-ri Gogeum-myeon Wando-gun and red peppers were harvested at 7 times from July 22 to September 29. Before planting, the plant length of the overgrowth of seedlings was reduced by 26.8% using plant powder treatment as compared to the control group. The red pepper yield was 27% higher than in the control group when 20g of bone ash powder and 20g of plant powder were mixed. The yield tended to increase in other treatments compared to the control group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1038-1047
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• 2008

This study aimed at targeting fixed increases in body weight (100 g/wk) by quantitatively regulating energy allowances (ME) in broiler breeders from 5 to 20 wks of age. Four energy regimes were tested: 1. The energy required for maintenance, activity and growth was calculated for 100 g increases in body weight/wk and a measured quantity of grower diet (160 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) was offered to the control group (ME-100) to achieve the anticipated weight gain. The energy allowances increased with age from 132 to 294 kcal/d. 2. Additionally, three energy regimes were considered, quantitatively reducing ME by 10% (ME-90) or 20% (ME-80) and increasing by10% (ME-110) over the control group. Each test group had 23 replicates5 female chicks housed in cages. The influence of energy regimes and age on growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass attributes, bone parameters and stress was evaluated at 4 wk intervals. Quantitative ME restriction by 10% (119-265 kcal/d) produced an average weight gain of 98.1 g/wk, which was closer to the targeted increase of 100 g/wk, whereas the control group attained it nine days earlier. Restriction of energy by 10 or 20% produced better conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P than 10% excess ME. Energy regimes did not influence eviscerated meat yield, but higher energy allowances (ME-110) significantly increased abdominal fat pad and liver weights and decreased giblet weight, percent muscle protein and tibia ash. Relatively higher stress was recorded in ME-restricted groups, as reflected by wider heterophil and lymphocyte ratios and increased bursa weight. Early age (5-12 wk) significantly influenced bone mineralization, conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P, while later ages (13-20 wk) increased eviscerated meat yield, abdominal fat, tibia weight and muscle protein and reduced stress. Energy regime x age interactions were significant and are discussed. In conclusion, the synthetic broiler line used in our study responded positively to controlled energy feeding during the rearing period. Breeders offered 119-265 kcal/d, a reduction of 10% energy over the control group, were more effective in regulating grower performance than the latter. In addition to energy regimes, age intervals also exhibited significant influence on specific parameters during the grower phase.