• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition and satisfaction of the lower body shapes of male college students. The subjects in this study were 178 male college students. The results were as follows: 1. The degree of recognition and satisfaction of girth items in lower part of the body scored average. Subjects tended to be dissatisfied with their height. 2. The degree of satisfaction of waist girth and weight was influenced by the real body size than the degree of recognition. And abdomen girth, hip girth, ankle girth, leg length, hight, crotch length were affected by the degree of recognition than the real body size. 3. Subjects were more satisfied with standard lower body type than with lean and obese ones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to study real body size and ideal body shape by considering the relations of between the degree of satisfaction and consciousness of body cathexis and real body size and to understand change of the degree of satisfaction at body part and ideal body shape with the changes of the times by comparing the date taken at 1997 to that taken at 1992. The subjects in this study were 542 and 201 female college students aged from 18 to 25 Body. measurements and survery were taken from April to June 1997, and May to June 1992 Data were analyzed by correlation analysis ANOVA duncan test and crosstabulation analysis The results were as follows : (1) The subjects tended to be satisfied with long and slim limbs silm trunk and preferred to be tall in height and light in weight. But exceptionally they tended to be unstatisfied with small bust as well as big one. (2) The subjects want to be slimmer lower body than upper body. (3) The subjects of 1997 was more statisfied with tall height light weight slim limbs and narrow shoulder than those of 1992. (4) The ideal body shape of the subject of 1997 was slim body while that of the subject of 1992 was big bust and wasp waist. (5) The subject of 1997 was more satisfied with leanner body than that of 1992.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.262-270
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of maternal perception (identification and satisfaction) of children's weight, maternal body shape satisfaction, and maternal feeding styles in Korean preschool-aged children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. Participants consisted of 287 pairs of preschool-aged children (3-6 years) and their mothers. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Among the 287 mothers, 47.7% underestimated their children's weight, while 15.7% overestimated it. 46.7% of the mothers wished their children weighed more, while 11.1% of them wished their children weighed less. The mean score of maternal body shape satisfaction was $83.75{\pm}28.77$. The mean score of parent-centered feeding styles was $2.95{\pm}0.54$, and the mean score of child-centered feeding styles was $3.33{\pm}0.42$. There were statistically significant correlations between maternal identification of children's weight and children's body mass index (BMI) (r=-.366, p<.001). In addition, there were statistically significant correlations between maternal satisfaction of children's weight and children's BMI (r=-.484, p<.001), maternal BMI (r=-.126, p=.033), and maternal body shape satisfaction (r=-.127, p=.031). Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that intervention programs for mothers to develop more accurate perception of their child's weight should be established.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.736-747
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• 2000

This study focused on the comparison of satisfaction with and perception about their bodies by Korean and American women. The respondents included 242 Korean and 145 American female student volunteers, aged 18 to 27, who were enrolled at Kwangju and Catholic University and Cornell University in the United States. The questionnaire was composed of three sections; a body cathexis, perceived body shape-self, perceived body shape-ideal. Twenty items of 30 items showed a significant difference between Korean and American women. Korean student females were more dissatisfied with 20 items than American women. Even though Korean women were smaller in body build than the American women, the Korean women were more negative about their large type, shoulder, hands, arms, hips, neck, face, and skin color than the American women. There were many significant differences between perceived body shape-self and perceived body shape-ideal responses for Korean and American respondents. The exceptions were that a fuller bosom, and longer legs than perceived body shape were desired in both cultures, longer arms were desired by Korean women and darker skin color was desired by American women.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.269-282
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare consumer satisfaction by analyzing importance on characteristics of clothing, performance, and their inconsistency between Korea and the United States. The data was collected by using a survey based on three sages of pre-tests, and main survey conducted in The U.S and Korea. Data of 520 participants from each country (260 males and 260 females) was used. The results of this study is as follows: First, both consumers in Korea and U.S. showed five factors such as aesthetics/trend, body shape, practical use/wearing, care, and distorted. In performance factor of Korean students was consisted of wearing/care, aesthetics, body shape, distorted, and trend/symbolism while that of American students was consisted of wearing, aesthetics, body shape, trend/image factor, and distorted. Second, regarding importance rate, aesthetics/trend, practical use/wearing, care, and distorted affected satisfaction of Korean students whereas aesthetics/trend factor affected satisfaction of American students. Regarding performance, body shape factor, distorted, trend/symbolic affected satisfaction of Korean students whereas trend/image affected satisfaction of American students. Third, satisfaction of Korean and American students influenced re-purchase intention and positive word-of-mouth, so proved to be the result variable of satisfaction. By understanding the differences between consumers in Korea and U.S., apparel importers and exporters may develop effective business strategies to better fulfill their customers' needs and desires, and therefore, increase their profit.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study explored elderly American women's body satisfaction and clothing consciousness with the methods of survey and body measurement. To that end, I first investigated their self-perception of body size and body satisfaction and also the relationships between those, along with the relationships between body measurements and body satisfaction. Then, I analyzed the differences in elderly women's body satisfaction and clothing consciousness among different body type groups. For the last, I examined the degree of their body thinness or obesity and ideal body size in order to explore the standard for ideal body shape among elderly women. Elderly American women were satisfied with most of their body parts except waist circumference and weight. Body satisfaction with stature, weight, and hip circumference was correlated to both size perception and body measurement. Body satisfaction with thigh circumference and leg length was correlated to size perception, and also that with waist circumference and neck length to body measurement. Size perception showed differences among body types, but body satisfaction did not show notable differences among body types. There were significant differences between real size and ideal one. Elderly American women thought that clothing was important in their everyday life.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket according to the body type and the degree of satisfaction with their body of middle-aged women. The subjects used for this study were three hundred and twenty three middle-aged women ranging from 35 to 50 years old. We measured their bodies and asked them report to the questionnaire. The results are as follows. 1) Middle-aged women were classified into four typical types of body. The type 1 was tall and thin and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter X. The type 2 was the tallest and the medium of fatness and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter H that the lower part of the body is short. The type 3 was the medium of height and width and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter A that the upper part of the body is short compared with their height. The type 4 were the shortest and the fattest and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter Y that the lower and upper parts of the body is the longest. 2) Middle-aged women roughly tended not to be satisfied with part of their body. The results showed that a neck was the most satisfied body part and the weight was the least satisfied as well as overall leg shape among all 13 body parts. 3) The type 1 had the highest the degree of satisfaction on their face size, upper arm girth, waist, hip girth, weight and body shape, etc., excepting hip shape among 4 body types.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.129-136
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data necessary for the development of clothing that can improve the satisfaction of body shape of elderly men by examining subjective characteristics and characteristics of perception type of older men's body shape. Using the Q methodology, I investigated and analyzed the process of formation and main characteristics of subjectivity of various types of recognition that elderly men express about their body shape. There were four types of perception of body shape in elderly men: flat hip and bird legs skinny body, back bent and abdominal obese body, thick neck and upper body development body, forward cervical neck and protruding abdomen obese body. The actual body shape of elderly men was classified according to the bust, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body part angle. But recognition body shape of elderly men was classified by visual factors like the abdomen, the angle of the neck, the inclination of the back, the slope of the waist, and the degree of obesity. It is necessary to consider the trend of silver fashion which is increasing in demand. In addition, it is necessary to develop clothing patterns of comfortable fit through ergonomic study on the physical characteristics of older men. Consideration should be given to the design and pattern that can reduce the difference between the ideal body shape and the body shape recognized by older men.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.278-285
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• 2009

As children's apparel industry expands, there are many researches on purchasing and wearing children's clothing and optimal sizes, but researches on purchasing and wearing children's clothing and the appropriateness of sizes comparing average body shape and obese children are still inadequate. Therefore, in this research Late Elementary Schoolgirls ranging in age from 12 to 13 are categorized into the average or the obese body type, and by comparing and analyzing purchasing and wearing children's clothing and the appropriateness of its sizes between these groups, the problems in the size system of children's apparel are realized and the basic information about designing children's clothing for average body shape and non-average body shape(out-size)children are presented. The survey questions were composed of topics about general personal information, the purchasing practice and wearing practice, the appropriateness of its size when wearing children's clothing and the practice of mending apparel according to the satisfaction level of children's clothing sizes. Because subjects are often too big to wear children's clothing, and in the case of obese children the deviation of a body type is amplified, therefore in buying and wearing children's clothing, they demonstrate different forms of purchasing and wearing characteristics than adults. Considering the practice of increasing obesity in children due to westernized eating habits and decreased physical activities, along with developing programs for improving obesity, the development of an optimal size system in response to various body types will become an important challenge.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.658-666
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate among adolescents (total=729) the relationship between their self-esteem, body-cathexis, their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies, their anthropometric characteristics, their perceptions of their body shapes and their experiences with weight control. The results are summarized as follows: The mean values for self-esteem and body-cathexis were generally low, but these values were significantly higher among boys than girls (p<0.01-0.001). However the mean values for their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies were relatively high and were significantly higher among girls than boys (p<0.01). The mean values for Percent Ideal Body Weight (PIBW) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were normal and no significant differences between the genders were observed. The distribution of the PIBW and the BMI values showed a higher rate for normal weights among the girls and a higher rate for underweightedness and obesity among the boys (p<0.01). With regard to their perception of their body image, among the boys, their current figures were almost identical with their idea of an ideal figure, but among the girls, their idea of an ideal figure was thinner than their current figure. The girls were more dissatisfied with their own body image than the boys (p<0.001). Fifty-four percent of the subjects had previous weight control experience, and the girls had significantly more experience than the boys (p<0.001). Their main reason for practising weight control was to lose weight (65.3%) Those who had more weight control experience had lower satisfaction with their body shapes, higher PIBW, higher BMIs or currently had fatter figures. Their standard image of their figures was influenced by TV (40.3%) and friends (36.9%). There was a weakly positive correlation between their self-esteem and their satisfaction with their body shapes, and a weakly negative correlation between their satisfaction with their body shapes and their attitudes toward the importance of their bodies. These results suggest the necessity for an educational program for adolescents as to foster a positive body image. Such a program should consider psychological factors such as self-esteem, satisfaction with body shape and attitudes toward the importance of the body.