• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary protease (PR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. A total of 75 weaned pigs [7.06 ± 0.18 kg of average body weight (BW); 28 day old] were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (blocks = BW and sex): a diet based on corn and soybean meal to meet the requirement of crude protein (CP) as a positive control (PC; CP = 24.49%), a low protein diet as a negative control (NC; CP = 22.51%), and NC + 0.02% PR. The PR used in this study was a commercial product containing 75,000 protease units/g derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. Pigs were fed the dietary treatments for 6 weeks and the diets containing 0.2% chromic oxide for the last week of this study. Blood, feces, ileal digesta, and ileum samples were collected from randomly selected two pigs in each pen on respective time points. Measurements were growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), CP, and energy, frequency of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), and ileal morphology of weaned pigs. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during overall experimental period than those fed NC. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) AID or ATTD of DM, CP, or energy than those fed NC. Moreover, pigs fed PR had higher ratio between villus height and crypt depth (p < 0.05) and number of goblet cells (p < 0.05) than those fed NC. Addition of PR decreased (p < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea for the first two weeks after weaning compared with PC and NC. In addition, pigs fed PR had lower (p < 0.05) PCV on d 14 after weaning than those fed PC and NC. In conclusion, addition of PR in nursery diets with a low protein level significantly improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.585-592
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• 2016

하이브리드 로켓의 연소실험에서 관찰된 500 Hz 대역의 연소압력과 연소반응 변동이 안정한 연소에서 발생하는 원인과 LFI로 발전하는 과정을 분석하기 위하여 $CH^*$ 화학발광 이미지와 PMT(photomultiplier tube)에 의한 광자방출 측정으로 연소반응 변화를 가시화하였다. 안정한 연소에서는 500 Hz 대역의 연소압력과 연소반응 변동의 위상차이가 180 도 정도를 이루며 전단층 유동을 따라서 정상적인 연소가 발생하였다. 그러나 불안정 연소가 발생하면, 500 Hz 주파수의 두 변동의 위상차는 60~70 도로 양의 관계(positive coupling)를 이루며 상하 대칭의 와류 발생과 국부적 소염이 나타나는 주기적 변화를 반복한다. 또한 천이구간에서는 매우 불규칙적인 와류와 상하 대칭의 전단층 유동 형상이 번갈아 관찰되고 있다. 이것은 연소의 영향으로 와류가 발생하는 것으로 보염기 후류에서 발생한 BVK 유동불안정과 유사한 특성을 보여준다, 따라서 하이브리드 로켓 연소의 저주파수 연소불안정은 500 Hz 대역의 연소반응 변동에 의한 와류의 발생과 이로 인한 국부적인 소염이 점진적으로 발전하여 완전한 주기적 소염으로 이어졌고, 20 Hz의 연소불안정으로 발전하는 것으로 판단하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1634-1639
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• 2010

본 연구는 무지개송어 양식 산업의 생산성 향상을 위해 전 암컷 무지개송어 대량생산을 위한 일환으로 성호르몬에 의한 생리학적 성전환과 자성발생 2배체어를 유도하였다. 생리학적으로 성전환된 수컷을 만들기 위하여 부화 후 첫 먹이를 먹는 시기에 웅성호르몬인 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) 5 mg을 사료에 흡착시켜 사육수온 $13^{\circ}C$에서 적산수온 $800^{\circ}C$까지 처리한 결과 96.7%의 수컷 유도율을 보였다. 또한 정상 수컷 정액을 이용하여 수정 10분 후 $28^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 고온 처리하여 61.7%의 자성발생 2배체가 유도되었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.77-97
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• 2002

Since growth promotion was defined by Koch(1935), many researches like Benholdt and Thomsen(1942) have conducted studies for understanding problem of puberty growth. Growth promotion means that growth is developed in puberty, and several researchers have reported that the more becomes economic growth, the more becomes growth promotion. Thereupon, this study was attempted to find Maximum Growth Age(M.G.A.), as an index of height growth promotion in Korea, which was obtained by longitudinal observations of the same group. Thus, this study can explain the earlier tendency of growth. To investigate domestic changes in M.G.A., M.G.A. was calculated with the results of cross-sectional researchs using 25 representative papers between 1940-1953 including measurements by Lee(1940) and data by Kim(1953) in this study. Based on the research data published between 1940 and 2000, height and M.G.A. of males and females who were born between 1925 and 1983 were gotten by years, and a trend of growth promotion for height in Koreans was suggested by examining study subjects. Findings of this study are as follows; 1. M.G.A. for height decreased both in males and females; for males, 14.28 years in 1940, 14.24 in 1953, 13.86 in 1967, 12.74 in 1985, and 11.71 in 2000; for females, 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 10.00 in 1978 and 9.77 in 2000. 2. Regression equations and standard errors of estimate concerning M.G.A. for height by years were obtained; for males, Y$_1$(M.G.A.) = 17.21 - 0.059X$_1$, S$_{Y1X1}$(standard error of estimate about the regression line) = ${\pm}$0.62; for females, Y$_2$(M.G.A.) = 13.81-0.042X$_2$, S$_{Y2X2}$(standard error of estimate about the regression line) = ${\pm}$0.64 3. As a result of finding correlation between year and M.G.A. r=-0.763 (p<0.001) for male and r=-0.699(p<0.001) for female were obtained 4. From a view that the growth promotion has been continued before 2000, M.G.A. decreased 0.6 years for male and 0.4 for female per 10 years. 5. M.G.A. for height is as shown in Table 2. 6. It is thought that the future trend of growth promotion for height will follow the progress from 1940s to now. It shall be reviewed again after development of coming several years is investigated.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.72-87
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• 1998

This study examined the rates of spinal abnormal curvature and the correlation of the Body Mass Index (BMI), Low Back Pain (LBP) and spinal curvature by measuring scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis in university students. The study population included 67 male, 92 female university students, making a total of 159, in Wonju City. Spinal curvature was measured by an electrogoniometer in a computerized skeletal analysis system. Lateral curvature of spine of more than 10 degrees was considered as nonspostural scoliosis. The correlation of BMI, LBP and the spinal curvature was analysed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test. The following results were obtained: 1. The overall incidence and rate of scoliosis in cases with a greater than 10 degree curve in males was an incidence of 8 and a rate of 11%. In females the incidence was 36 and the rate 39.2%. 2. The overall incidence and rate of kyphosis of less than 20 degrees in males was a rate of 9 and an incidence of 11.9%. In females, the rate was 5 and the incidence 5.4%. In kyphosis cases of more than 40 degrees, the male rate was 5 and the incidence 7.7%. For female the rate was 13 and the incidence 14.2%. 3. The overall incidence and rate of lordosis with curves of less than 20 degrees was a rate of 6 for males and an incidence of 9.0%. For females, the rate was 5 and the incidence 5.4%. In cases of more than 50 degrees lordosis, the female rate was 2 and the incidence 2.2%. There were no males in this category. 4. There was a negative correlation between kyphosis and BMI. The greater the kyphotic curve, the less the BMI in males (p<0.05). There was no significant BMI difference by gender in either scoliosis or lordosis. There was, however, a significantly decreased sacral angle in the female group with LBP. The results of this study cannot be generalized to the general population because the subjects were all from one university. The measurements were quite reliable because the angles determined by the Metrocom System were highly correlated with radiologic findings. This study shows the need for a regular screening system for spinal curvatures in university health examination procedures.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The use of materials for modern lightweight auto-bodies is becoming more complex than hitherto assemblies. The high strength materials nowadays frequently used for more specific fields such as the front and rear sub frames, seat belts and seats are mounted to the assembled body structure using bolt joints. It is desirable to use nuts attached to the assembled sheets by projection welding to decrease the number of loose parts which improves the quality. In this study, nut projection welding was carried out between a nut of both boron steel and carbon steel and ultra-high strength hot-stamped steel sheets. Then, the joints were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by microhardness measurements and pullout tests. An indigenously designed sample fixture set-up was used for the pull-out tests to induce a tensile load in the weld. The fractography analysis revealed the dominant interfacial fracture between boron steel nut weld which is related to the shrinkage cavity and small size fusion zone. A non-interfacial fracture was observed in carbon steel nut weld, the lower hardness of HAZ caused the initiation of failure and allowed the pull-out failure which have higher in tensile strengths and superior weldability. Hence, the fracture load and failure mode characteristics can be considered as an indication of the weldability of materials in nut projection welding.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2012

Exposed dose of young child should be managed necessarily. Young child is more sensitive than adult of a Radioactivity, especially, and lives longer than adult. Must reduce exposed dose which follows The ALARA(As Low As Reasonably Achievable)rule is recommended by ICRP(International Commission on Radiological Protection)within diagnostic useful range. Therefore, We have to prepare Pediatric DRL(Diagnostic Reference Level) in Korea as soon as possible. Consequently, in this study, wish to estimate organ dose and effective dose using PCXMC Program(a PC-Based Monte Carlo Program), and measure ESD(Entrance surface dose)and organ dose using Glass dosimeter, and then compare with DRL which follows EC(European Commission)and NRPB(National Radiological Protection Board). Using glass dosimeter and PCXMC programs conforming to the International Committee for Radioactivity Prevention(ICRP)-103 tissue weighting factor based on the item before the organs contained in the Chest, Skull, Pelvis, Abdomen in the organ doses and effective dose and dose measurements were evaluated convenience. In a straightforward way to RANDO phantom inserted glass dosimeter(GD352M)by using the hospital pediatric protocol, and in a indirect way was PCXMC the program through a virtual simulation of organ doses and effective dose were calculated. The ESD in Chest PA is 0.076mGy which is slightly higher than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 0.07mGy, and is lower than the DRL of EC(Europe) which is 0.1mGy. The ESD in Chest Lateral is 0.130mGy which is lower than the DRL of EC(Europe) is 0.2mGy. The ESD in Skull PA is 0.423mGy which is 40 percent lower than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 1.1mGy and is 28 percent lower than the DRL of EC(Europe) is 1.5mGy. The ESD in Skull Lateral is 0.478mGy which is half than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 0.8mGy, is 40 percent lower than the DRL of EC(Europe) is 1mGy. The ESD in Pelvis AP is 0.293mGy which is half than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 0.60mGy, is 30 percent lower than the DRL of EC(Europe)is 0.9mGy. Finally, the ESD in Abdomen AP is 0.223mGy which is half than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 0.5mGy, and is 20 percent lower than the DRL of EC is 1.0mGy. The six kind of diagnostic radiological examination is generally lower than the DRL of NRPB(UK)and EC(Europe) except for Chest PA. Shouldn't overlook the age, body, other factors. Radiological technician must realize organ dose, effective dose, ESD when examining young child in hospital. That's why young child is more sensitive than adult of a Radioactivity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2005

본 연구는 형태 및 재질이 동일한 엔진구동형 ProTaper파일과 수동형 ProTaper파일을 이용하여 레진모형근관을 성형한 후 근관형태 변화를 비교 분석하고자 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 레진모형근관으로 총 40개의 J자와 S자의 근관 형태가 재현된 ENDO-TRAINING BLOC을 사용하였다. 근관 성형 기구로는 엔진구동형 Ni-Ti 파일로 $ProTaper^{TM}$, 수동형 Ni-Ti 파일로 $ProTaper^{(R)}$ For Hand Use를 사용하였다. 사용된 레진모형근관과 파일의 종류에 따라 10개씩 4개의 그룹으로 나누어 근관성형을 시행하였다. 근관 성형 전$\cdot$후 이미지를 스캐너 (Color scanner, UMAX Technologies, Inc., USA)를 이용하여 얻은 후. Photoshop 7.0 프로그램 (Adobe System Inc., USA)을 이용하여 이미지를 중첩하였다. 이미지 분석 프로그램 (Image-$Pro^{(R)}$ Plus, Media Cybernetic, USA)을 이용하여 치근단 쪽에서부터 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 및 7 mm 수준에서 근관 성형에 따른 근관의 내측 및 외측 폭경의 변화량, 근관 총폭경의 변화량, 근관 중심축의 변위량을 측정하였다. 또한 근관 성형 시간을 기록하였다. 두 기구 사이의 유의성 검정을 위해 독립 표본 t-검정을 시행하여, 근관 성형 시 수동형 ProTaper 파일이 엔진구동형 ProTaper 파일에 비해 근관 중심축의 변위가 유의하게 덜 일어나며 근관의 원래 형태를 더욱 잘 유지할 수 있지만, 근관 성형시간은 길어질 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2017

목적 : 본 연구는 주의력결핍과잉행동장애(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD) 아동에게 사용되는 상호작용식 메트로놈(Interactive Metronome; IM) 프로토콜을 기반으로 임상에 적용 가능하도록 수정된 IM 프로그램이 ADHD 아동의 행동증상, 타이밍 및 운동기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 부산 소재의 기초정신건강증진센터 내에 있는 7-12세의 ADHD 아동 13명을 대상으로 단일 집단 사전-사후 설계(one group pretest-posttest design)를 사용하였다. 중재는 회당 30분, 주 3회, 24회기 동안 실시하였으며, 중재 전과 후의 행동증상, 타이밍 및 운동기능 변화를 비교하기 위해 부모보고형 한국어판 ADHD 평정척도, IM의 Long Form Assessment(LFA), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2판(BOT-2)을 사용하였다. 결과 : 행동증상 중 과잉행동/충동성에서 유의미한 향상이 있었고, 타이밍과 손의 협응 및 신체협응에서 통계적으로 유의미한 향상이 있었다. 결론 : 임상에 적용 가능하도록 수정된 IM 프로그램이 ADHD 아동의 행동증상을 개선하고, 타이밍 및 운동기능 향상에 유의한 효과가 있다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of the combination with Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), Gastrodia Rhizoma (Gastrodia elata Blume) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg) on metabolic disorders including cholesterol and erectile dysfunction in hyperlipidemia rats.Methods : Animals were divided into six groups; Control with normal diet, high fat/cholesterol-diet (HFCD), fluvastatin, Korean Red Ginseng treated (KRG), and the combination treated (Korean Red Ginseng, Gastrodia Rhizoma and Polygoni Multiflori Radix; 1:1:1 for KGP1 and 2:1:1 for KGP2). The experimental groups initially received HFCD for 10 weeks and then treated orally with fluvastatin, KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 during the final 6 weeks. Erectile function was determined by the measurements of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and maximal arterial pressure (MAP) after electrical stimulation of the cavernosal nerve.Results : KGP2 decreased the level of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the sera of HFCD rats without no changes of body weights. KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 decreased the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels except of fluvastatin, synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 significantly increased the ICP, ICP/MAP ratio, area under the curve (AUC) compared with those of normal rat. Morphometric analyses showed that KRG, KGP1 and KGP2 increased the volume of smooth muscle and the regular arrangement of collagen fibers in corpus cavernosum of HFCD rats. The penile expression of eNOS was increased by KRG, KGP1 and KGP2.Conclusions : Based on these results, we suggest that the combination with Korean Red Ginseng, Gastrodia Rhizoma and Polygoni Multiflori may improve hyperlipidemia through regulating the lipid profiles and erectile dysfunction in rats.