• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.707-713
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• 2012

Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (TM) has been investigated for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic animals, but few studies have been conducted to evaluate its efficacy for treatment of type II diabetic mice. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the water extracts of TM for the treatment of type II diabetes. Twenty four mice(C57BLKS/J Iar $-+Lepr^{db}/+Lepr^{db}$) with type II diabetes were randomly assigned either to a experimental group A (leaves extraction of TM), experimental group B(roots extraction of TM), experimental group C(leaves, roots and flowers extraction of TM) or control group. Water extracts of TM were ingested for 10 weeks. The changes of body weight, level of blood glucose, numerical change of insulin-immunoreactive cells and level of blood insulin were measured after treatment of water extracts of TM. A reduction of the blood glucose level after treatment of TM was observed in all the experimental groups. Especially, experimental C group showed significant reduction of blood glucose level compared with control group. Experimental C group induced an increase the level of blood insulin and density of insulin immunoreactive cells after treatment of TM. These results show that water extracts of TM can improve the severity in type II diabetic mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1972

Physiological changes in hibernating animals (Manchurian Chipmunk and Hamster) were studied during various phases of the hibernation. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Rectal temperature was declined markedly during hibernation, whereas it remained constant even in exposure of the animals to 0 C environment if the animals were not prepared for hibernation. As body temperature was lowered, heart rate was also markedly reduced as well as respiration and blood pressure. 2. The electrical activity recorded from cortical structure was characterized by replacement of fast wave activity by slow wave activity as body temperature was lowered and became flat at body temperature below 20C. 3. Blood glucose level showed no clear seasonal variations. However, the glycogen contents of the liver were markedly greater during the cold seasons than during the warm seasons. 4. Blood levels of insulin showed no clear seasonal variations.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.67-73
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of the rice germ oil compared with soy bean oil on blood glucose level of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice. Forty diabetic KK mice were fed two kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid from soy bean oil as a control(CO) and rice germ oil(RG) for 8 weeks, respectively. Diet intake, body weight, organs weights and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in food and water intake, body weight gain and organs weights between experimental groups. The concentrations of fasting and random blood glucose were similar between CO and RG groups. There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels after glucose treatment during the glucose tolerance test between two groups. The levels of $HbA_{1c}$ as the index of blood glucose status, and insulin were similar in two groups. These results suggested that rice germ oil can't reduce blood glucose concentration of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice compared with soybean oil. But we need to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of rice germ oil by changing supplementary level and period.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of a polyherbal aqueous extract (Curcuma longa Linn., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., Enicostemma littorale Blume) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Short term experiments showed a decrease in blood glucose levels at $2^{nd}\;hr$ of administration of the aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats with increase in serum insulin levels. The extract did not show any effect on blood glucose or serum insulin levels in normoglycaemic rats. Treatment with the extract (1.5 g dry plant equivalent extarct/100 g body weight/day) for 20 days in diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and an increase in serum insulin levels. The aqueous extract also showed an enhanced glucose-induced insulin release at 11.1 mM glucose from isolated rat pancreatic islets. The extract did not show any toxicity at the particular dose used.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.472-479
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of Sargassum coreanum extract (SCE) on blood glucose concentration and insulin resistance in C57BL-KsJ-db/db mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: For 6 weeks, male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were administrated SCE (0.5%, w/w), and rosiglitazone (0.005%, w/w). RESULTS: A supplement of the SCE for 6 weeks induced a significant reduction in blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations, and it improved hyperinsulinemia compared to the diabetic control db/db mice. The glucokinase activity in the hepatic glucose metabolism increased in the SCE-supplemented db/db mice, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities in the SCE-supplemented db/db mice were significantly lower than those in the diabetic control db/db mice. The homeostatic index of insulin resistance was lower in the SCE-supplemented db/db mice than in the diabetic control db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a supplement of the SCE lowers the blood glucose concentration by altering the hepatic glucose metabolic enzyme activities and improves insulin resistance.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2020

[Purpose] Blood glucose and insulin resistance were lower following hypoxic exposure in previous studies. However, the effect of hypoxia as therapy in obese model has not been unknown. [Methods] Six-week-old mice were randomly divided into chow diet (n=10) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups (n=20). The chow diet group received a non-purified commercial diet (65 % carbohydrate, 21 % protein, and 14 % fat) and water ad libitum. The HFD group was fed an HFD (Research Diet, #D12492; 60% kcal from fat, 5.24 kcal/g). Both groups consumed their respective diet for 7 weeks. Subsequently, HFD-induced mice (12-weeks-old) were randomly divided into two treatment groups : HFD-Normoxia (HFD; n=10) and HFD-Hypoxia (HYP; n=10, fraction of inspired=14.6%). After treatment for 4 weeks, serum glucose, insulin and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed. [Results] Homeostatic model assessment values for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of the HYP group tended to be lower than the HFD group. Regarding the OGTT, the area under the curve was 13% lower for the HYP group than the HFD group. [Conclusion] Insulin resistance tended to be lower and glucose uptake capacity was significantly augmented under hypoxia. From a clinical perspective, exposure to hypoxia may be a practical method of treating obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

Sulfonylureas are widely used as an antidiabetic drug. In the present study, the effects of sulfonylurea administered supraspinally on immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level were studied in ICR mice. Mice were once enforced into immobilization stress for 30 min and returned to the cage. The blood glucose level was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after immobilization stress initiation. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection with $30{\mu}g$ of glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride or tolazamide attenuated the increased blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Immobilization stress causes an elevation of the blood corticosterone and insulin levels. Sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. caused a further elevation of the blood corticosterone level when mice were forced into the stress. In addition, sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. alone caused an elevation of the plasma insulin level. Furthermore, immobilization stress-induced insulin level was reduced by i.c.v. pretreated sulfonylureas. Our results suggest that lowering effect of sulfonylureas administered supraspinally against immobilization stress-induced increase of the blood glucose level appears to be primarily mediated via elevation of the plasma insulin level.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of acute exercise on blood vaspin, glucose level, and inflammatory cytokines in middle-aged women with pre-diabetes. Nineteen middle-aged women (normal women, n = 11) and women with pre-diabetes(n = 8), who were apparently healthy and not taking any medications affecting their blood pressure or blood glucose, participated. Body fatness parameters including body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were measured using a bio-impedance analyzer. Resting blood pressure was measured in duplicate, and mean values were used for the data analysis. Regardless of group assignments, all subjects participated in a 3-day consecutive walking exercise at an intensity of 65% VO_2max targeting an energy expenditure of 1200 kcal (400 kcal per day). The major outcome variables included total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, vaspin, interleukin-6, and adiponectin levels. Unlike normal women, women with pre-diabetes had a significant improvement in the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p < 0.025) with no significant group difference in response to acute exercise. The findings suggest that acute exercise results in a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity without any change in serum vaspin levels in women with pre-diabetes.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2005

This study was to investigate the effect of psyllium seed husk (PSYL) on postprandial glucose control and insulin secretion dynamics in Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment 1, the rise in postprandial serum glucose was monitored during a 240-min period using a maltose loading test In normal rats given 16.6 mg/l00 g B.W./ml of PSYL orally, all the blood glucose levels during the 240-min period did not show statistically significant differences from the corresponding levels in normal rats given water. However, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats given the same amount of PSYL, the blood glucose level at 30 min was significantly lower than that in diabetic rats given water, and the peak time of the rise in the postprandial glucose was delayed In experiment 2, the normal (N) and diabetic (Db) rats were given PSYL (25 mg/l00 g B.W./ml/day) orally for 5 days. Blood samples were collected in order to measure the s-glucose and s-insulin levels. The final s-glucose level at day 5 in Db-PSYL was significantly lower than that in the corresponding control rats (Db-CONT) and the final s-insulin level in Db-PSYL was significantly greater than that in Db-CONT. In vitro 40-min pancreas perfusion was performed at day 5 in order to examine the insulin secretion dynamics. Results showed that the amounts of insulin secreted during the first phase (11-20 min) and the second phase (21-40 min) in the Db-PSYL were significantly greater than those in Db-CONT. Therefore, it is concluded that psyllium seed husk could be beneficial for controlling postprandial glucose levels in the stretozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and it may be partially mediated by insulin secretion dynamics.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-59
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (AY) has remarkable bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. On the other hand, the effects of AY against obesity-induced insulin resistance have not been reported. Therefore, this study examined the potential of AY against obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: An obesity model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a 60% HFD for 16 weeks. The C57BL6/When ethyl acetate fraction from AY (EFAY) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally to mice fed a HFD for the last 4 weeks. Normal and control groups were administered water orally. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. Dietary intake was measured every other day. After dissection, blood and tissues were collected from the mice. RESULTS: The administration of EFAY reduced body and organ weights significantly compared to HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY-administered groups also improved the serum lipid profile by decreasing the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to the control group. In addition, EFAY ameliorated the insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunctions, including the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level, compared to the HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY inhibited lipid synthesis and insulin resistance by down-regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase and up-regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. EFAY also reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, indicating that EFAY protected hepatic injury induced by obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EFAY improved obesity-associated insulin resistance by regulating the lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting that AY could be used as a functional food to prevent obesity and insulin resistance.