• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2018

Tick saliva is critically important for continuous attachment to the host, blood feeding for days, and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. To characterize the patterns of inflammatory cytokine gene expression during its attachment and blood sucking time, peripheral blood samples of rabbits infested with Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were collected at different intervals. Blood histamine concentration was evaluated as well as gene encoding IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were compared with non-infested rabbits. Blood histamine concentration of tick-infested rabbits during fast feeding time was significantly higher than that of non-infested rabbits. In both nymph and adult tick infested rabbits, expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ genes were decreased significantly (P<0.05), while expression of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were increased 1.3 to 7 folds in adult infested rabbits with the exception of IL-6 that was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in nymph infested rabbits. IL-2 was not expressed in either nymph or adult infestation. H. longicornis saliva is capable of modulate host responses through a complex correlation with histamine and Th1, Th2 mediated cytokines that suppress the inflammatory responses directed toward inflammatory mediators introduced into the host during tick feeding.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2016

It has been reported that fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) do not act only as intracellular mediators of lipid responses but also have extracellular functions. This study aimed to investigate whether extracellular liver type (L)-FABP has a biological activity and to determined serum L-FABP levels in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We isolated L-FABP complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) from the Huh7 human hepatocarcinoma cell line and expressed the recombinant L-FABP protein in Escherichia coli. A549 lung carcinoma and THP-1 monocytic cells were stimulated with the human recombinant L-FABP. Human whole blood cells were also treated with the human recombinant L-FABP or interleukin (IL)-1α. IL-6 levels were measured in cell culture supernatants using IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human recombinant L-FABP induced IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner in A549, THP-1 cells, and whole blood cells. The blood samples of healthy volunteers and patients with ESRD were taken after an overnight fast. The serum levels of L-FABP in healthy volunteers and ESRD patients were quantified with L-FABP ELISA. The values of L-FABP in patients with ESRD were significantly lower than those in the control group. Our results demonstrated the biological activity of L-FABP in human cells suggesting L-FABP can be a mediator of inflammation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2013

The biological effects of radiation are dependent on the dose rate and dose of radiation. In this study, effects of dose and dose rate using whole body radiation on plasma cytokines and blood count from male BALB/c mice were evaluated. We examined the blood and cytokine changes in mice exposed to a low (3.49m Gy $h^{-1}$) and high (2.6 Gy $min^{-1}$) dose rate of radiation at a total dose of 0.5 and 2 Gy, respectively. Blood from mice exposed to radiation were evaluated using cytokine assays and complete blood count. Peripheral lymphocytes and neutrophils decreased in a dose dependent manner following high dose rate radiation. The peripheral lymphocytes population remained unchanged following low dose rate radiation; however, the neutrophils population increased after radiation. The sera from these mice exhibited elevated levels of flt3 ligand and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), after high/low dose rate radiation. These results suggest that low-dose-rate radiation does not induce blood damage, which was unlike high-dose-rate radiation treatment; low-dose-rate radiation exposure activated the hematopoiesis through the increase of flt3 ligand and G-CSF.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-37
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• 2002

Effect of Sunbangpaedoktang, which has been used for atopic dermatitis(AD), on the cytokine secretory function of monocyte, which was isolated and cultured from peripheral blood of AD patients, were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. In AD patients, Sunbangpaedoktang exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on IL-4. 2. In AD patients, Sunbangpaedoktang exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on IL-5(p<0.05). 3. In AD patients, Sunbangpaedoktang exhibits statistically significant inhibitory effect on $IFN-{\gamma}$(p<0.01). 4. In sample group, comparing the cytokine concentration change rate of AD patients with that of NAD patients IL-4 AD patients exhibits statistically significant decrease(p<0.05).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.768-773
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• 2002

Behcets disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder. The etiology and pathogenesis of Behcets disease has yet been fully elucidated but might involve immune dysfunction. Cytokines involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions and immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of Behcets disease (BD). Onchungeum is an Oriental herbal medication, which has been successfully used in Korea for the treatment of BD. This report describes modulation effects of Onchungeum on cytokine production from phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Behcets patients by ELISA. Onchungeum significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TNF-α and IL-1β, compared to absence of Onchungeum (by 52.3 1.4 % inhibition for TNF-α and 113.5 3.3 % for IL-1β, p < 0.001). Onchungeum also inhibited the production of IFN-γ, immunoregulatory Th1 cytokine, by 89.4 0.8 % (p < 0.001). The inhibitory effects of Onchungeum on cytokine production showed dose-dependent manner, and the pre-treatment of 1 mg/ml Onchungeum had better effects than immunosuppressive drug for treatment of BD, cyclosporin A. Our results suggest that Onchungeum treatment for Behcets disease patients may have pharmacologic activities and abilities of regulation of immune and inflammatory responses by cytokine modulation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2002

마늘의 주요 성분인 allicin투여 후 유도되는 사람 말초혈액의 단핵구의 유전자 발현에 미치는allicin의 효과를 규명하였다. DNA microarray를 이용하여, allicin이 chemokines, cytokine, 면역관련 유전자 및 신호전달 관련 유전자의 발현을 유도하는 것을 확인하였다. 반대로 allicin은 Th1 type의 획득면역 관련 유전자의 발현을 억제하였다. 염증세포에 있어서 allicin은 억제효과 및 자극 효과를 동시에 보여주었다. 이는 allicin이 휴지기 세포에서 먼저 증가시킨 특정 유전자의 발현을 이후에 감소시키는 결과를 보여주는 것으로 positive와 negative 효과를 발휘하는 새로운 기전을 제시하는 것이다. Allicin에 대한 광범위하고 새로운 관심을 고려해 볼 때 본 연구에서 보여주는 많은 유전자의 발현 양상은 좀 더 특정적이고 효과적인 치료법을 고안하는 데 유용할 것이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

Water extracts of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) fruits were used to treat hPBMC to determine the mechanisms for the immunomodulatory effects. The secretion level of various cytokines including Th-1 type (IL-2, L-12, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$) and Th-2 type (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were measured using ELISA. A significant increase of Th-1 type cytokine secretion was observed in the presence of extract while Th-2 cytokine, IL-6 was suppressed. Our results suggest that ADA fruit extract may influence the anticancer immune responses towards a predominance of Th-1 cytokines in the immune system.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2022

Under General anesthesia with isoflurane, we insert a chicken's esophageal catheter into the near the left atrium. 1MHz radio wave was added to electrocardiogram electrodes of the esophagus, and the change of impedance (phase) was obtained by amplitude synchronous detection technique. At the same time, a thin tube is surgically inserted into the axillary artery to continuously measure blood pressure. The correlation between impedance (phase) and blood pressure was obtained. Both showed a very high correlation (R²=0.9665). It was also observed the waveform flowing from the left atrium into the left ventricle. When an individual infected with the avian influenza virus develops, the cytokine storms lead to hypotension earlier than the test for antigen-antibody reaction. In order to detect this, in the future, this impedance technique will be useful for screening individuals infected with avian influenza virus by measuring the blood pressure of chickens in cages in a non-contact manner using microwaves.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1999

In this research we proceeded experiments to find the basis which make it possible to explain the physical and pathological process of Sasang constitutional medicine, in the way substituting hematopoietic-immune system(essence of life, blood, Ki and mental faculties : 精血氣神) Under these suppositions, the essence of life(精) is the multipotent stem cell which has the possibility to be specialized to any cell, the Ki(氣), blood(血) and mental faculties(神) are inferred that they are formed from specialized the essence of life(精), the blood(血) is the red blood cells and etc. that appears as the result of the genesis of circulation system. The Ki(氣) is from specialized basic immunity, the mental faculties(神) means long-term memories or combined immunity. Cytokines can act as specilaizing, growing factors and particiate in extremly combined procedure being controlled by both positive and negative specializing signals. Blood gathering was carried out in the morning and on empty stomach. The plasma was seperated and Erythropoietin, Stem cell factor, Granulocyte-colony stimulaing factor, Tumor necrosis factor, interlukin-3, Interleukin-6 were measured with ELISA kit. According to the result of post analysis by Duncan, each constitution is different in SCF(stem cell factor), IL-6(interleukin-6), EPO(erythropoietin). The value of Stem cell factor is high in order of Soumin(少陰人), Soyangin(少陽人), and Taeumin(太陰人), The value of interleukin-6 is high in Taeumin, Soumin, and Soyangin. Erythropoietin is high in order of Soumin, Soyangin, and Taeumin.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2018

Objective : The immune enhance is the main focus of current society that to increase resistance to invasion by pathogenic species of bacteria in body, stimulate the immune system and possibly protect against cancer or inflammatory disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Gentianae Radix extract on immune regulation in a LPS-induced mice model of acute inflammation. Methods : Gentianae Radix extract was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before a intraperitoneally injection of LPS (1 mg/kg of 0.9% saline). After LPS-intraperitoneal injection 3 hours, blood was collected by cardiac puncture under ether anaesthesia from all animals, for the immune regulate efficacy verification based on blood or serum biomarkers (i.e., immune cells, cytokine, $PGE_2$, ROS, and $LTB_4$) analysis. Results : Compared to the control mice, the Gentianae Radix extract treatments significantly increased the count of immune cells (i.e., wite blood cell, neutrophils, and monocyte), and significantly reduced the lymphocyte. In addition, the Gentianae Radix extract treatments significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine (i.e., $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$), and significantly increased IL-10 of anti-inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, the Gentianae Radix extracts treatments significantly increased the levels of $PGE_2$ and significantly decreased the levels of ROS, and $LTB_4$. Conclusions : The results indicate that Gentianae Radix extract alleviated acute inflammatory reaction though regulation of immune meditor. Thus, Gentianae Radix extract may raw material of development a health food and medicine option for the immune enhance.