• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

Background: Third molar extraction is the most commonly performed minor oral surgical procedure in outpatient settings and requires regional anesthesia for pain control. Extraction of the maxillary molars commonly requires both posterior superior alveolar nerve block (PSANB) and greater palatine nerve block (GPNB), depending on the nerve innervations of the subject teeth. We aimed to study the effectiveness of PSANB alone in maxillary third molar (MTM) extraction. Methods: A sample size comprising 100 erupted and semi-erupted MTM was selected and subjected to study for extraction. Under strict aseptic conditions, the patients were subjected to the classical local anesthesia technique of PSANB alone with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride and adrenaline 1:80,000. After a latency period of 10 min, objective assessment of the buccal and palatal mucosa was performed. A numerical rating scale and visual analog scale were used. Results: In the post-latency period of 10 min, the depth of anesthesia obtained in our sample on the buccal side extended from the maxillary tuberosity posteriorly to the mesial of the first premolar (15%), second premolar (41%), and first molar (44%). This inferred that anesthesia was effectively high until the first molars and was less effective further anteriorly due to nerve innervation. The depth of anesthesia on the palatal aspect was up to the first molar (33%), second molar (67%), and lateromedially; 6% of the patients received anesthesia only to the alveolar region, whereas 66% received up to 1.5 cm to the mid-palatal raphe. In 5% of the cases, regional anesthesia was re-administered. An additional 1.8 ml PSANB was required in four patients, and another patient was administered a GPNB in addition to the PSANB during the time of extraction and elevation. Conclusion: The results of our study emphasize that PSANB alone is sufficient for the extraction of MTM in most cases, thereby obviating the need for poorly tolerated palatal injections.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.803-808
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• 1964

In this experiment, it was attempted to determine the thermal conductivities of earth block materials which are recently much available for farm building constructions in Korea as lower cost building materials. For this experiment, two kinds of earth block materials were sampled. One of them was pure earth and the other was cementstabilized earth with a ratio of earth to cement by volume, 20 to 1. Cylindrical sections of specimen surrounding a steel pipe(I.D. =1 inch) were used. A resistance neater in the pipe and thermometers for the measurement of radial temperature distribution were installed as shown in Fig. 1 and photograph 1. The heat which flows through the pipe and the sample was produced by passing a current through a resistance wire stretched along the pipe axis. The complete apparatus used in this experiment is schematically shown in Fig. 1.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

This manuscript summarized advances in bootstrap methods for long-range dependent time series data. The stationary linear long-memory process is briefly described, which is a target process for bootstrap methodologies on time-domain and frequency-domain in this review. We illustrate time-domain bootstrap under long-range dependence, moving or non-overlapping block bootstraps, and the autoregressive-sieve bootstrap. In particular, block bootstrap methodologies need an adjustment factor for the distribution estimation of the sample mean in contrast to applications to weak dependent time processes. However, the autoregressive-sieve bootstrap does not need any other modification for application to long-memory. The frequency domain bootstrap for Whittle estimation is provided using parametric spectral density estimates because there is no current nonparametric spectral density estimation method using a kernel function for the linear long-range dependent time process.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1401-1408
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• 2013

반복이 있는 랜덤화 블록 계획법에서 우산형 대립가설을 검정하기 위한 비모수 방법에는 Kim과 Kim (1992)이 제안한 방법이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Orban과 Wolfe (1982)가 제안한 위치와 Kim (1999)이 제안한 대조군과 처리군의 방법을 확장하여 랜덤화 블록 계획법에서 우산형 대립가설에서의 검정법을 제안하였다. 또한 여러 분포에 대한 모의실험 통하여 기존의 방법과의 검정력을 비교하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1105-1112
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• 2011

반복이 있는 랜덤화 블록 계획법을 검정하는 검정법은 Mack (1981), Skilling과 Wolfe (1977, 1978), Hettmansperger (1975)가 제안한 방법이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Orban과 Wolfe (1982)가 제안한 위치와 Kim (1999)이 제안한 대조군과 처리군의 방법을 확장하여 반복이 있는 랜덤화 블록 모형에서 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 또한 모의 실험을 통하여 다른 비모수 검정 방법들과 모수 검정 방법의 검정력을 비교하였다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.124-141
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• 1994

The maximum likelihood estimator (M.L.E.) and the Bayes estimators of Pr (X < Y) are derived when X and Y have a absolutely continuous bivariate exponential distribution in Block & Basu's model. The performances of M.L.E. are compared to those Bayes estimators for moderate sample size.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2010

4 $\times$ 4 균형불완전블럭모형에서 고정효과만이 존재하는 경우 주효과를 검정하기 위한 순위변환 통계량의 검정력은 적은 반복수에도 가장 높은 수준을 유지하며, 지수분포와 이중지수분포하에서는 모수적 통계량의 검정력보다 큰 격차의 상대적 우위를 보인다. 특히 전형적인 균형불완전블럭모형하에서 주인자는 고정이며 블럭인자는 랜덤인 경우의 순위변환 통계량의 검정력은 주효과의 효과크기 및 블럭효과의 모집단 분포와 모수크기에 상관없이 모든 상황에 걸쳐 현저하게 높은 우위성를 보인다. 또한 반복수가 증가함에따라 순위변환 통계량의 검정력은 빠른 속도로 증가한다. 전체적인 주효과의 순위변환 통계량의 검정력 우위는 하나의 주효과 및 블럭효과와 결측값이 존재하는 균형불완전블럭모형의 고유특성으로 말미암아 고정효과 및 표본의 작은 크기변화에 민감하게 반응하며 상대적 검정력 우위를 갖는다고 볼 수 있다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the characteristics of patients who underwent spinal nerve block on the fear of injection and the risk of radiation. Subjects were 137 patients (67 males, 70 females) who visited the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine in Cheongju. The method was conducted as a research study using a total of 28 questionnaires consisting of patient characteristics, experience characteristics of nerve block surgery, nerve block fear scale, and radiation risk perception scale. The reliability of the questionnaire response was secured with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.6 or higher. For statistical analysis, correlation was tested by descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, independent sample T-test, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients by measurement scale and factor. As a result, the fear scale of nerve block was significantly higher in women than in men (p<0.05). The fear scale of nerve block injection was significantly higher in the first-visit patients than in the second-visited patients (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference among all variables in radiation risk perception. In conclusion, patients undergoing spinal nerve block were more aware of the fear of injection than the risk of radiation exposure during the procedure.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2010

Since various weathered soils are encountered in many domestic construction sites, it is necessary to estimate characteristics of natural weathered soils. However, the remolded sample of weathered soils are commonly used to estimate their characteristics because it is very difficult to sample weathered soils in undisturbed states. However, it is well known that the behavior of remolded sample is different from that of the undisturbed sample particularly in the dynamic response, because the particle structure of undisturbed sample maintains its original structure from the mother rock. Thus, to evaluate the influence of sampling method and preparation method on stress-strain behavior, the resonant column tests were performed on the block, tube samples, remolded samples with static compression and remolded samples with tamping of the weathered granite soils. The shear modulus of the remolded sample with tamping is larger than the other samples presumably due to the high tamping pressure enough to induce particle breakage. The tube samples show larger damping ratios than other samples. Furthermore, one-dimensional ground response analysis was performed to compare the results qualitatively.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1399-1409
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• 2016

랜덤화 블록 계획법(randomized block design)에서 대립가설형태에 따라 많은 비모수적인 방법들이 제안되었다. 일반대립가설에서 대표적으로 Fridman (1937)의 검정법이 있고, 순서형 대립가설에서는 Page (1963)의 검정법이 있다. 우산형 대립가설에 대한 비모수적 방법으로는 일원 배치 모형에서 k개의 표본 문제에 대하여 Mack과 Wolfe (1981)의 검정법이 있다. 본 논문에서는 랜덤화 블록 계획법(randomized block design)에서 우산형대립가설에 대하여 블록 간의 정보를 이용한 Hodges와 Lehmann (1962)의 정렬방법과 위치를 이용한 Kim (1999)의 검정법을 이용하여 검정법을 제안하였다. 또한, Monte carlo 모의실험을 통하여 제안된 검정법과 기존의 검정법을 비교하였다.