• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2020

In this paper the authors provide comparative evaluation of current research that used liquefaction and pyrolysis method for bio-oil production from various types of biomass. This paper review the resources of biomass, composition of biomass, properties of bio-oil from various biomass and also the utilizations of bio-oil in industry. The primary objective of this review article is to gather all recent data about production of bio-oil by using liquefaction and pyrolysis method and their yield and properties from different types of biomass from previous research. Shortage of fossil fuels as well as environmental concern has encouraged governments to focus on renewable energy resources. Biomass is regarded as an alternative to replace fossil fuels. There are several thermo-chemical conversion processes used to transform biomass into useful products, however in this review article the focus has been made on liquefaction and pyrolysis method because the liquid obtained which is known as bio-oil is the main interest in this review article. Bio-oil contains hundreds of chemical compound mainly phenol groups which make it suitable to be used as a replacement for fossil fuels.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.552-561
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• 2018

Biomass, a carbon-neutral resource, is an alternative energy source for exhaustion of fossil fuel and environmental problems. Most of energy production systems using biomass operate with a thermal chemical conversion method. Amongst them, gasification generates syngas and applies to boilers or engines for the production of heat and electricity. However, Tar could be formed during the production of syngas and it is condensed at low temperature which may cause to clog the pipelines and combustion chamber, ultimately resulting in decrease of process efficiency. Thus this work utilized water and oily materials such as soybean oil, waste cooking oil and mineral oil for scrubbing liquid. The removal efficiency of Tar appeared 97%, 70%, 63% and 30% for soybean oil, waste cooking oil, mineral oil and water respectively.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2004

The use of biomass has attracted extensive attention from the beginning of civilization. However, intensive researches on the biomass from the view point of the development of alternative energy have been carried out just recently. Fast pyrolysis, as a tool for the utilization of the biomass as the secondary energy source has drawn great attentions due to high applicability for the production of several valuable materials from biomass. This review paper focuses on the recent developments of pyrolysis process and reports the characteristics of bio-oil, which is the main product of fast pyrolysis of biomass.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

As the production of palm oil has been increased, the generation of oil palm biomass is also increased and the utilization of the oil palm biomass become more significant topic. One third of the oil palm biomass is empty fruit bunch (EFB) and the other two thirds are oil palm trunks and fronds. However, the effective use of oil palm biomass has not been developed and most of it is discarded near oil palm plants. In this study, we investigated the applicability of EFB to the paperboard mills, as an organic filler. The new organic filler was manufactured in a laboratory by grinding and fractionating dried EFB powder, and its properties were analyzed. The particles of EFB organic filler were larger and more spherical than those of the commercial wood powder. The use of EFB organic filler resulted in a higher bulk of the handsheets with similar trends of physical strength, compared to those made with wood powder. It was concluded that EFB could be used as a raw material to manufacture organic filler for paperboard production.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2015

The growth of the algae strains Neochloris oleabundans, Botryococcus Braunii and Dunaliella sp. under mixotrophic conditions in the presence of different concentrations of crude glycerol was evaluated with the objective of increasing the biomass growth and algal oil content. A high biomass concentration was characteristic of these strains when grown on crude glycerol compared to autotrophic growth, and 5 g/L glycerol yielded the highest biomass concentration for these strains. Mixotrophic conditions improved both the growth of the microalgae and the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). The maximum amount of TAGs in the algal strains was obtained in the 5 g/L glycerol growth medium. The fatty acid profiles of the oil for the cultures met the necessary requirements and are promising resources for biofuel production.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.453-465
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• 2014

The paper provides a review on bio-oil production technology from biomass by using fast pyrolysis to use heating fuel, power fuel and transport fuel. One of the most promising methods for a small scale conversion of biomass into liquid fuels is fast pyrolysis. In fast pyrolysis, bio-oil is produced by rapidly heating biomass to intermediate temperature ($450{\sim}600^{\circ}C$) in the absence of any external oxygen followed by rapid quenching of the resulting vapor. Bio-oil can be produced in weight yield maximum 75 wt% of the original dry biomass and bio-oils typically contain 60-75% of the initial energy of the biomass. In this study, it is described focusing on the characterization of feedstock, production principle of bio-oil, bio-oil's property and it's application sector.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

In commercial combustion systems, heavy oil is one of main hydrocarbon fuel because of its economical efficiency. Regarding heavy oil combustion, due to increasing concerns over environmental pollutants such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, development of low pollutant emission methods has become an imminent issue for practical application to numerous combustion devices. Also a great amount of effort has been tried to developed effective methods for practical using of biomass. It is also an important issue to reduce carbon tax. In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of biomass reburning on NOx formation in a heavy oil flamed combustion furnace. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a multi-staged burner, which was mounted at the front of the furnace. Experimental tests were conducted using air-carried rice husk powder and LNG as the reburn fuel and heavy oil as the main fuel. The paper reports data on flue gas emissions and temperature distribution in the furnace for several kinds of experimental conditions. NOx concentration in the exhaust has decreased considerably due to effect of reburning. The maximum NOx reduction rate was 62% when the rice husk was used by reburn fuel, however it was 59% when the LNG was used by reburn fuel. The result shows the positive possibility of biomass reburning system for optimal NOx reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.231-243
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• 2014

In this study, the potential of biomass, which is generated from oil palm cultivation and crude palm oil (CPO) production of Indonesia was assessed in the aspect of energy content. The types of oil palm biomass were classified on the basis of the cultivation stage and the CPO production stage. In the cultivation stage, biomass is considered to be produced from its' root, trunk and frond. Other possible biomass resources such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm kernel shell (PKS) and fiber were included in the CPO production stage. As results, total biomass from damaged plantation area of Indonesia was estimated to be annually from 3 million to 16 million tons in 2011. From CPO mills, approximately 49 million tons/yr of biomass residues were estimated to be annually occurred. Their total energy content from each biomass source in cultivation stage was analyzed to be from 593,000 to 3,197,000 TOEs in terms of gross calorific value. In the case of CPO mills, around 22.7 million TOEs was estimated to be potential energy producible by biomass based on gross calorific value of dry basis. If moisture content considered, net calorific value was analyzed to be decreased to 16.3 million TOEs. Based on the results, the total energy contents of all oil palm biomass were estimated to be up to 25,919,000 TOE in terms of gross calorific value. CPO : Crude Palm Oil, EFB : Empty Fruit Bunch, FFB: Fresh Fruit Bunch, PKS : Palm Kernel Shell, OPF : Oil Palm Frond, PKOC : Palm Kernel Oil Cake, ISPO : Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil Commission, TOE : Tone of Oil Equivalent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2009

Reburning is one of the most useful technologies for reducing nitric oxide in economically and technically. The reburning process was demonstrated as an effective NOx reduction method through injection of a secondary hydrocarbon fuel. An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of biomass reburning on NOx and CO formation in a light oil flamed combustion furnace. Reburning tests on NOx reduction of air-carried rice husk powder as the reburn fuel and light oil as the main fuel were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl and fuel staged burner, which was mounted at the front of the furnace. The results included flue gas emissions and temperature distribution in the furnace for several kinds of experimental conditions. It was observed clearly that NOx concentrations in the exhaust have considerably decreased due to effect of biomass reburning. The maximum NOx reduction rate was 42% when the reburn fuel fraction was 0.18. The CO emissions were kept under 42 ppmv in all experimental tests. And this paper makes clear that in order to decrease NOx concentration in the exhaust when the biomass reburning system is adapted, the control of some factors such as reburn fuel fraction and reburn zone fraction is very important.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2012

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of possible paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO), also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the WPO. One of the easiest way to adopt WPO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of WPO with diesel or bio diesel. In this study, a DI diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), WPO/BD emulsion was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by WPO/BD emulsion were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsion and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation.