• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2010

The human genome contains approximately 13 orphan cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) genes, of which the apparent function or substrate has not been identified. However, they seem to possess their own biological relevance in some tissues or developmental stages. Here, we characterized the heterologously expressed CYP2W1, an orphan P450 enzyme. The recombinant CYP2W1 protein containing a $6{\times}$(His)-tag at Nterminus has been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Expression level of CYP2W1 holoenzyme was around 500 nmol P450 holoenzyme per liter culture medium. The reduced CO difference spectrum of CYP2W1 showed a maximum absorption at 449 nm. CYP2W1 indicated the significant induction to bioactivate Trp-P-1, MeIQ, and IQ in E. coli DJ701 tester strain. However, the bioactivation of B[$\alpha$]P, and NNK by CYP2W1 was relatively low. The model structure of CYP2W1 suggested the characteristic P450 folds with the lengths and orientations of the individual secondary elements. The F-G loop is situated on the distal side of heme to accommodate the flexibility of active site of CYP2W1. These studies can provide useful information for the finding of its biological roles and structure-function relationships of an orphan CYP2W1 enzyme.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2015

Notch signaling is a key regulator of neuronal fate during embryonic development, but its function in the adult brain is still largely unknown. Mind bomb-2 (Mib2) is an essential positive regulator of the Notch pathway, which acts in the Notch signal-sending cells. Therefore, genetic deletion of Mib2 in the mouse brain might help understand Notch signaling-mediated cell-cell interactions between neurons and their physiological function. Here we show that deletion of Mib2 in the mouse brain results in impaired hippocampal spatial memory and contextual fear memory. Accordingly, we found impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity in Mib2 knock-out (KO) mice; however, basal synaptic transmission did not change at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. Using western blot analysis, we found that the level of cleaved Notch1 was lower in Mib2 KO mice than in wild type (WT) littermates after mild foot shock. Taken together, these data suggest that Mib2 plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity and spatial memory through the Notch signaling pathway.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2007

Escherichia coli is a clonal species, and occurs as both commensal and pathogenic strains, which are normally classified on the basis of their O, H, and K antigens. The O-antigen (O-specific polysaccharide), which consists of a series of oligosaccharide (O-unit) repeats, contributes major antigenic variability to the cell surface. The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O66 was sequenced in this study. The genes putatively responsible for the biosynthesis of dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose and GDP-mannose, as well as those responsible for the transfer of sugars and for O-unit processing were identified based on their homology. The function of the wzy gene was confirmed by the results of a mutation test. Genes specific for E. coli O66 were identified via PCR screening against representatives of 186 E. coli and Shigella O type strains. The comparison of intergenic sequences located between galF and the O-antigen gene cluster in a range of E. coli and Shigella showed that this region may perform an important function in the homologous recombination of the O-antigen gene clusters.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2004

페닐기의 4 위치(para)에 치환체가 존재하는 베타-케토아세트아닐라이드 염화물은 선택적으로 토마토 역병에 대하여 살균 활성을 보였다. 베타-케토아세트아닐라이드 염화물 5종(KIST163, KIST170, KIST260, KIST263, KIST267)을 선발하여 이들의 토마토 역병에 대한 예방효과, 치료효과, 침투이행성, 약효 지속성 및 성체실험과 같은 약제의 작용특성을 조사하였다. 그들 모두는 예방효과를 보였으며, KIST163과 KIST170의 $EC_{50}$은 각각 21.9와 $14.5{\mu}g/mL$로 우수한 예방효과를 나타내었다. 하지만 이들 화합물의 토마토 역병에 대한 치료효과는 거의 없었으며, 토양관주처리 후의 침투이행성에 의한 방제효과는 미미하였다. 접종 7일전에 처리한 KIST163과 KIST170의 $100{\mu}g/mL$는 75% 이상의 방제효과를 보여 약효 지속성이 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. 토마토 성체를 이용한 토마토 역병 방제실험에서 5종 화합물 중 특히 KIST163과 KIST170은 방제효과가 높아 $100{\mu}g/mL$에서 95% 이상의 방제효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 베타-케토아세트아닐라이드 염화물 유도체 5종은 주로 경엽처리 예방제이며, 이들 중 KIST163과 KIST170은 포장에서도 토마토 역병에 대하여 우수한 방제효과를 나타낼 것으로 판단되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a disulfide reductase present ubiquitously in all taxa and plays an important role as a regulator of cellular redox state. Recently, a redox-independent, chaperone function has also been reported for some thioredoxins. We previously identified nodulin-35, the subunit of soybean uricase, as an interacting target of a cytosolic soybean thioredoxin, GmTRX. Here we report the further characterization of the interaction, which turns out to be independent of the disulfide reductase function and results in the co-localization of GmTRX and nodulin-35 in peroxisomes, suggesting a possible function of GmTRX in peroxisomes. In addition, the chaperone function of GmTRX was demonstrated in in vitro molecular chaperone activity assays including the thermal denaturation assay and malate dehydrogenase aggregation assay. Our results demonstrate that the target of GmTRX is not only confined to the nodulin-35, but many other peroxisomal proteins, including catalase (AtCAT), transthyretin-like protein 1 (AtTTL1), and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 4 (AtACX4), also interact with the GmTRX. Together with an increased uricase activity of nodulin-35 and reduced ROS accumulation observed in the presence of GmTRX in our results, especially under heat shock and oxidative stress conditions, it appears that GmTRX represents a novel thioredoxin that is co-localized to the peroxisomes, possibly providing functional integrity to peroxisomal proteins.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the cognitive training program on cognitive function, stress and depression in geriatric hospitals. Methods: The subjects of the experimental group were 17 elderly patients who attended the cognitive training program in Geriatric Hospitals and the subjects of the control group were 15 elderly patients who attended in geriatric hospitals. The persons in training group must take cognitive training program for 4 weeks by 3 times a week. The Mini-mental State Examination Korea version (MMSE-K), Geriatric depression Scaleshort form-Korea version (GDS-K) and Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test (KCNT) were utilized to determine cognitive function, stress and depression. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS/PC 12.0 program. Results: Cognitive function (t=-7.625, p=.000) in the elderly after receiving the cognitive training program was significantly more improved than before intervention. Also, Stress and depression (t=2.73, p=.004) was significantly more reduced than before the intervention. Conclusion: This cognitive training program was partially effective in improving cognitive function, neurobehavioral performance and reduce stress and depression. Therefore, it is recommended that this program be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention in geriatric hospitals.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2004

새로운 제초제 개발을 위한 선도물질을 발견하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 국내에 8개 지역으로부터 채취한 11개 자생식물로부터 총 187개의 식물내생곰팡이를 분리한 후 감자즙액배지와 쌀고체배지에 배양한 다음, 밭잡초와 좀개구리밥에 대한 제초활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 소나무에서 분리한 Gliocladium catenulatum F0006 균주의 액체배지와 고체배지 추출물이 실험에 사용한 10개의 밭잡초 중에서 도꼬마리에 대해서만 선택적으로 70%의 제초활성을 보였다. 칡에서 분리한 F0034 균주의 고체배지 추출물은 10가지 밭잡초 모두에 20%에서 100%까지의 제초활성을 보였는데, 특히 수수, 돌피, 왕바랭이 및 미국 개기장 등이 민감하게 반응하였다. 그리고 소나무에서 분리한 F0043 균주의 고체배지 추출물은 5가지 화본과 식물에 대해서만 20%에서 70%까지의 제초활성을 보였다. 한편, 좀개주리밥에 대한 실험 결과, 액체배지는 8개 균주가 배지농도 5% 이하의 농도에서, 고체배지 추출물에서는 12개 균주가 좀개리밥의 생장을 100% 억제하는 높은 활성을 보였다. G. catenulatum F0006 균주의 고체배양체로부터 반복적인 컬럼과정과 생물검정을 통하여 한 개의 제초활성 물질을 분리하였다. 이 물질은 도꼬마리에 대해서만 특이적으로 제초활성을 보였는데, $500\;{\mu}g/ml$에서는 완전히 치사시켰고, $100\;{\mu}g/ml$에서는 도꼬마리 생장을 85% 억제하였다. 분리한 물질의 분자량은 238 daltons 이었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.769-778
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• 2009

Performances and internal behaviors of the upflow hybrid anaerobic filters treating a dairy wastewater were analyzed to identify the functions and roles of the modular crossflow media and sludge bed layer and to discover their interrelationship in the filter. The media could perform independent biological and physical separation role without buildup of sludge bed, while the role of sludge bed was dependent on the function of the media. The filter packed with the crossflow media did not necessarily require the formation of sludge bed when treating a dairy wastewater. Biological contribution of the media was controlled by that of biologically active sludge bed complementing mutually each other. The gas-liquid-solid separation capability of the media was indispensible to ensure the active biological role of sludge bed, since sludge bed buildup without the media had no independently effective biological function. It was believed that the filter in itself could also function as a selector for physical gas-liquid-solid separation resulting in selectively concentrating particles with superior settleability in sludge bed. The sludge bed in the filter played a key role in the physical solids capture from influent as well as biological organics removal.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2016

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL1B), IL6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), are known to play important roles in regulating the endometrial function in the uterus during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in several species. However, the expression and function of these cytokines and their receptors in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle have not been studied in pigs. Thus, this study determined the expression and regulation of IL1B, IL6, TNF and their respective receptors, IL1R1, IL1RAP, IL6R, GP130, TNFRSF1A, and TNFRSF1B during the estrous cycle in pigs. To analyze levels of each gene expression in the uterine endometrium we obtained from endometrial tissues on Days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 of the estrous cycle. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of IL1B, IL1RAP, IL6R, GP130, TNF, TNFRSF1A, and TNFRSF1B mRNAs were highest on Day 15 or 18 of the estrous cycle, which corresponds to the proestrus period. Levels of IL1R1 were highest on Day 0, while levels of IL6 were biphasic with high levels on Day 6 and Day 15. The abundance of IL1B, IL6, IL6R, and TNF mRNAs was decreased by progesterone, while levels of GP130 were increased by progesterone in endometrial tissue explants. These results showed that expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors changed stage-specifically during the estrous cycle and regulated by progesterone in the uterine endometrium in pigs, suggesting that these pro-inflammatory cytokines may be involved in the regulation endometrial function during the estrous cycle in pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.896-900
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• 2006

Cytokinin has been known to act as a plant hormone to promote cell division and function in diverse processes in plant growth and development. Besides being produced in plants, it is also produced by various bacteria and fungi; however, its ecological significance is still unclear. In this report, we present an interesting finding that transzeatin riboside (tZR), a naturally occurring cytokinin compound, increased antibiotic production in many different streptomycetes, including Streptomyces coelicolor Ml3O, S. pristinaespiralis ATCC 25486, S. violaceoruber Tu22, S. anfibioticus ATCC l1891, and S. griseus IFO 13350. In vitro plate assays showed that the addition of 100 $\mu$M tZR increased the growth inhibition of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, a plant pathogen, by S. griseus, a streptomycin producer. We suggest that cytokinin could act as a signaling molecule for antibiotic production in streptomycetes, a group of rhizosphere bacteria.