• Title/Summary/Keyword: bio-reactor

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A Study on Bio-chemical Sewer Pipe Corrosion In Korea (하수관거의 생·화학적 부식특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hwan-Gi;Song, Ho-Myeon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.565-573
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    • 2000
  • Sewer pipe in Korea is generally constructed with concrete pipes. Moreover, the sewer system is susceptible to the corrosion problem due to the regulation employing anaerobic treatment processes, such as domestic sewage treatment facilities, nightsoil septic tanks and so on. The objective of this study is investigated to experimental test of $H_2S$ production rate affecting corrosion of sewer pipe in Korea. In this study, tube-type and sealed-type reactor were used to examine the reactions in the microorganism suspended growth and biofilm. Furthermore. concentration changes were investigated with COD and sulfate reduction in each reactor. Sulfide production rate was $50.4mg-H_2S/g-VSS{\cdot}d$ in the sealed-type reactor and in the tube-type biofilm reactor was $2.8{\sim}18.8g-H_2S/m^2{\cdot}d$.

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The Effects of HRT, MLSS and DO on Nitrogen Removal Efficiency in MBR Process with Internal Baffle (내부 Baffle을 설치한 MBR 공정에서 HRT와 MLSS농도, DO농도 변화가 질소제거 효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Whang, Gye-Dae;Park, Joo-Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.527-537
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    • 2009
  • Three sets of parallel MBRs (reactor No.1, reactor No.2, reactor No.3) maintaining an MLSS of 4,000 mg/L, 6,000 mg/L and 8,000 mg/L, respectively, were operated to investigate the effect of various HRTs and DO concentration of MBRs on the removal efficiency of organic matters and nitrogen. The HRTs were operated on 4 hr, 6 hr, 8 hr. DO concentrations were ranged 1.5~2.0 mg/L and 0.5~1.0 mg/L respectively on each HRT conditions. MBR was divided into an aerated part and non-aerated part by baffle placed under the water. DO concentrations were controlled by altering the position of baffle. In terms of TSS and CODCr, all systems had a similar level of the removal under varied HRTs and MLSS. TSS removal efficiency was more than 99% and CODCr removal was ranged 94~97% under all conditions. Under the same condition on the HRT and MLSS concentrations, DO concentrations did not affect the organic removal efficiency. On the nitrification efficiency, with high DO concentration, as HRT or MLSS increased, the slight increment of nitrification efficiency was observed. However, under the low DO concentration, increase of MLSS and HRT resulted in larger increase of the nitrification efficiency. At the same HRT and MLSS, the nitrification efficiency increased greatly with up to 16% as DO increased. When the HRT increased from 4hr to 8hr, the denitrification efficiency slightly increased under most of conditions. However, the increase of MLSS resulted in about 19~39% denitrification efficiency increment. MLSS concentrations showed great effect on the denitrification. The increase of the DO concentration at the same HRT and MLSS resulted in decrease of denitrification efficiency with up to 27%. In all systems, the denitrification efficiency had more influence on the TN removal efficiency than nitrification efficiency. So, MLSS concentration has greater effect on the TN removal than HRT and DO. The TN removal efficiency increased as MLSS increased with up to 37%. As a result, the highest TN removal efficiency was observed 79.0% at the condition showed the highest denitrification efficiency that DO of 0.5~1.0 mg/L, an HRT of 8 hr, and 8,000 mg/L of MLSS concentration were maintained.

The effect of HRT, current density, and packing ratio on nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency and current efficiency in BRM-BER (고정상 담체를 충진한 BER에서 HRT, 전류밀도 및 담체 충진율 변화가 질산성 질소 제거효율과 전류이용효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Whang, Gye-Dae;Lee, Sang-Keun;Sung, Hae-Chang
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.433-442
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    • 2010
  • BER at different packing ratios of bio-ring media(BRM) was tested to investigate the effect of varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) and current density on the nitrate removal and current efficiency. In the preliminary batch mode experiment of BERs, current density was applied at 2.0 A/$m^2$, 4.0 A/$m^2$, 4.8 A/$m^2$, which correspond to the designation of reactor #1, #2, #3, respectively. The reactor #2 showed a highest nitrate removal rate of 162.0 mg $NO_3{^-}$-N/L/d, and the kinetics of nitrate removal rate was defined as the Zero order reaction. In the primary experiment of BERs, four BERs packed with BRM were operated in varying HRT and current, and the packing ratios of reactor #1, #2, #3 and #4 were 0%, 8%, 16%, 24%. respectively. This results of the experiments indicated that the nitrate removal rate and current efficiency were increased significantly cause of growing of autotrophic denitrification microorganisms on the surface of cathode and media by increasing of the current density and decreasing of HRT. However, The decreasing of nitrate removal rate and current efficiencies were observed in the condition of HRT of 5.25 hr and 4.8 A/$m^2$ of current density. With more increasing current density and decreasing of HRT, the hydrogen inhibition occurred at the surface of cathode. Moreover, nitrate removal rate by autotrophic denitrification microorganisms attached on the media surface was observed to be limited by no longer increasing dissolved hydrogen concentration of each reactor. In conclusion, the highest nitrate nitrogen removal and current efficiency could be achieved when the BER was operated at the conditions of 7 hr HRT, current density of 4.0 A/$m^2$, and 16% packing ratio. And it was found that the amount of nitrate removal by microorganisms attached on the surface of cathode and media (BRM) was 178.2 mg/L and 52.2 mg/L respectively. and the amount of nitrate removal per MLVSS was 0.435 g $NO_3{^-}$-N/g $MLVSS{\cdot}d$ and 0.336 $NO_3{^-}$-N/g $MLVSS{\cdot}d$.

A Study on Anaerobic Treatment and Energy Recovery Technology of Food Waste by Using Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor를 이용한 음식물쓰레기의 혐기성처리 및 에너지 회수에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon Young-Bong;Park Jin-Young;Ju Jin-Young;Kim Myung-Ho
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.20 no.1 s.55
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    • pp.64-75
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    • 2005
  • The total production of food waste was about 11,398ton/day('03) in Korea. Also, food waste was treated by landfill, incineration, reuse and anaerobic digestion. The method of food waste treatment depended primarily on landfill. However, the method of landfill causing social problems was prevented to treat food waste in the first of January 2005.12) Thus, anaerobic digestion is an important method to treat food waste because of possibility of energy recovery as methane gas. In this study, the possibility of food waste treatment containing high organic material and low pH in the one stage anaerobic reactor to save cost and time and energy recovery using $CH_{4}$ gas by the hybrid anaerobic reactor (HAR) was measured. The HAR was designed by combing the merits of the anaerobic filter (AF) to minimize the microorganism shock when food waste of very low pH was injected and up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) to prevent from plugging and channeling phenomena by large suspended solids when semi solids were injected. Granule was packed in the section of HAR. The purpose of the BMP experiment was to measure the amount of methane generated when organic material was resolved under anaerobic conditions, to grasp bio resolution of organic material. Total accumulated methane production per VS amount was $0.471(m^{3}/\cal{kg}\;VS)$. So, the value was about $81.2\%$ of theoretical methane production which was $0.58(m^{3}/\cal{kg}\;VS)$ by elementary analysis and organic matter removal velocity (K) was $0.18(d^{-1})$. From these results, food waste was treated by anaerobic treatment. From this study, $CH_{4}$ generation from food waste (11,398 ton/day) could be estimated. By using an energy conversion factor of Braun's study, $5.97KWh/m^{3}\;CH4,\;60\%\;of\;CH_{4}$ gas generation, the amount of total energy producing food waste is to 6,727MWh/day. It could be confirmed that energy recovery using $CH_{4}$ gas was possible. Above these results, food waste containing organic matters of high concentration could be treated in HRT 30 days under an anaerobic condition, using the hybrid anaerobic reactor and reuse of $CH_{4}$ gas was possible.

Treatment of dyeing wastewater using Moving Bed Bioractor (부유메디아 생물막 공정을 이용한 염색폐수처리)

  • Shin, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Hun;Ryu, Seung-Han;Park, Jun-Hyung;Jo, Seog-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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    • 2011.03a
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    • pp.110-110
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    • 2011
  • 염색공업 폐수는 그 성분이 일반적으로 매우 복잡하며, 작업공정의 가동 사항에 따라 수질 변동이 큰것이 특징으로, 각 공정에서 배출되는 염료, 보조화학물질, PVA(Polyvinyl alchol), 전분, wax 등이 포함되어 있으며 pH가 높고, 색도로 인해 하천에 방류될 경우 확산성이 높아 미생물에 의한 자정작용을 방해하여 하천의 수중생태계를 파괴할 우려가 있다. 이러한 염색산업에서 발생하는 폐수는 일반적으로 응집침전, 부상분리법 등의 전처리한 후 활성오니공정으로 처리하는 방법이 널리 이용되고 있으나, 이들 처리공정으로는 폐수 속에 포함되어 있는 다양한화학적 구조의 색소성분 및 유해물질을 완벽하게 제거하는 것이 어려운 실정이다. 유기물 함량이 높은 염색폐수를 처리하기 위해 제안된 기술로는 산소활성슬러지법, 유동상 및 고정상 생물막법, 포괄고정화법 등이 있다. 이러한 기술들중 기존의 처리공정을 증축없이도 처리효율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 담체를 이용한 부유메디아 생물막공정(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)이 있다. 이공정은 미생물이 부착, 성장할 수 있는 공극율과 비표면적이 큰 담체를 이용하므로 반응조내의 부유 미생물 뿐만 아니라 담체에 고농도로 부착된 부착 미생물에 의해서도 유기물을 제거하기 때문에 다른 공정들에 비해 처리효율이 뛰어나고 기존의 활성슬러지 공정에 비해 갑작스러운 부하변동 및 유독성 폐수유입에 대해서도 안정적으로 운전이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본연구에서는 부유메디아 생물반응기(Moving-Bed BioReactor, MBBR)을 이용하여 염색폐수내 $COD_{Mn}$, 색도 및 난분해성 물질인 PVA 저감에 대한 Lab-scale test 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 염색폐수의 수질은 평균 pH 13, $COD_{Mn}$ 900 mg/L, SS 135 mg/L, 색도 1,134 [C.U.], PVA 593 mg/L였으며, 2L의 반응기를 사용하여 회분식 실험을 수행였다. 본 실험에서는 호기성 미생물에 의한 염색폐수의 생분해가 유지되는데 필요한 최적의 용존산소 농도와 이에 필요한 공기 폭기량을 결정하기 위하여 i) DO uptake rate측정과 ii) 담체의 충진율, iii) COD/N ratio, iv) Air 유량, v) 담체내 흡착제의 종류, vi) $Ca^{2+}$ 첨가가 염색폐수의 생분해에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 운전시간을 7일로 하여 COD, 색도, PVA 등을 측정한 결과 담체를 첨가한 경우가 담체를 첨가하지 않은 경우 보다 제거효율이 뛰어났다. 특히 충진율 30%(C/N 3)의 경우에서 COD, 색도, PVA의 제거율이 각각 평균 65%, 70%, 60%로 가장 높은 제거효율을 나타내었다.

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A Study on the Odor Removal Characteristics of sewage sludge using Bacillus sp. (바실러스균을 이용한 하수 슬러지의 악취 제거 특성에 대한 연구)

  • Sung, Il-Wha
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.12
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2016
  • This study assessed the feasibility of odor removal by the application of Bacillus sp. that has many advantages in sewage treatment to sewage sludge. The NH3 removal rates in the treatment of primary sludge using only aeration were measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment and the results were 12.5 %, 12 %, and 42.1 %, respectively. The NH3 removal rates of a reactor injected with BIO-CLOD made by solidifying Bacillus sp. concentrated 10 % together with other substances were measured after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment and the results were 43 %, 70 %, and 81 % respectively. In the cases where the Bacillus sp. cultured in NB medium was injected into the primary sludge reactor to reach injection rates of 0 %, 1.7 %, 3.3 %, and 6.7(v/v%), the TVOC removal rates measured when 72 hours had passed after the injection were 59 %, 71 %, 88 %, and 98 % respectively, which were higher than the NH3 removal rates as the NH3 removal rates measured at the same time were shown to be 29 %, 25 %, 31 %, and 48 %, respectively. In the sludge dewaterability conducted with various Bacillus sp. injection concentrations, a Bacillus sp. concentration of 4(v/v%) was considered to be suitable. The Bacillus sp. concentrations and reduction in the bad odor substances were correlated with each other. The results showed that aeration and Bacillus sp. injection will assist biological oxidation so that the bad odor substances can be removed. Based on the SRF values of the primary sludge and digested sludge, in which Alum and PAC were used, the appropriate amount of Alum aggregate reagent was judged to be 500 mg/L, and when PAC was used, 6 mg/L was judged to be appropriate.

Continuous Bio-hydrogen Production from Food Waste and Waste Activated Sludge (음식물 쓰레기와 폐활성 슬러지를 이용한 생물학적 수소생산 및 수소생산 미생물 군집분석)

  • Kim, Dong-Kun;Lee, Yun-Jie;Kim, Dong-Im;Kim, Ji-Seong;Yu, Myong-Jin;Pak, Dae-Won;Kim, Mi-Sun;Sang, Byoung-In
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.438-442
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    • 2005
  • Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of volumetric mixing ratio(v/v) of two substrates, food wastes(FW) and waste activated sludge(WAS). In batch experiments, optimum mixing ratio for hydrogen production was found at $10{\sim}20$ v/v % addition of WAS. CSTR(Continuous Stirred tank reactor) was operated to investigate the hydrogen productivity and the microbial community under various HRTs and volumetric mixing ratio(v/v) of two substrates. The maximum yield of specific hydrogen production, 140 mL/g VSS, was found at HRT of 2 day and the volumetric mixing ratio of 20:80(WAS:FW). The spatial distribution of hydrogen producing bacteria was observed in anaerobic fermentative reactor using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH) method.

Bio-kinetic and Design Analysis of a Sequencing Batch Reactor by Aerobic Granular Sludge (호기성 입상화 슬러지를 이용한 SBR 운전의 동력학적 해석 및 설계분석)

  • Choi, Seong-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.275-280
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    • 2011
  • In the present work, the aerobic particle's characteristics were enhanced. A polymer was used to make aerobic granular sludge in short period of time. And operation parameters were calculated for organic matter removal in domestic wastewater using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The experiment for sewage (Influent concentration of 63~72 mg COD/L) by using mature aerobic granular sludge showed the organic matter removal rate k and oxygen utilization coefficient a', b' were $10.161d^{-1}$ and 0.87 mg $O_2/mg$ $COD_r$, 0.11 mg $O_2/mg$ MLVSS d respectively. Therefore, it was more effective than K value $5{\sim}8d^{-1}$ of conventional activated sludge process. The sludge synthetic value and sludge auto-oxydation value were 0.45 mg VSS/mg $COD_r$ and 0.05 mg VSS/mg MLVSS d respectively. Consequently, mortality rates of microorganisms was lower than conventional activated sludge process.

Calcium Absorption Accelerating Effect of Chitosnn Oligosaccharides prepared by Ultrafiltration Membrane Enzymatic Reactor (한외여과막 효소반응기를 이용하여 제조한 키토산 올리고당의 칼슘흡수 촉진효과)

  • JEON You-Jin;KIM Gyu-Hyung;PARK Pyo-Jam;KIM Se-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.247-251
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    • 1999
  • In spite of various bio-functionalities of chitosan, the effects in vivo were still ambiguous because of its low absorption on organism. Therefore, chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are necessary to elucidate for an efficient utilization in vivo. COSs were prepared from chitosan using ultrafiltration membrane enzymatic reactor system with MWCO (molecular weight cut-off) 3,000 Da of membrane. Calcium absorption accelerating effect using COSs was examined by two methods, in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiment, calcium absorption by the addition of COSs in a mixture solution of calcium and phosphate was higher approximately $50\%$ than that by control. In vivo using rats, group taken the diet contained $1\%$ COSs anil calcium chloride decreased about $75\%$ of calcium content excreted from feces, and then, showed about $15\%$ increase in breaking force of femur. These results demonstrated that COSs definitely involved in calcium metabolism in vivo.

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Fuzzy Based Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) of Hydrogen Production Process Using the Thermococcus Onnurineus NA1 (퍼지기반 해양 미생물 이용 수소 제조 공정의 고장유형 및 영향분석)

  • PARK, SUNG HO;AHN, JUNKEON;KIM, SU HYUN;YOO, YOUNG DON;CHANG, DAEJUN;KANG, SUNGKYUN
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.307-316
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    • 2018
  • In this study, the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of hydrogen production process by using the Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 was conducted and advanced methodology to compensate the weakness of previous FMEA methodology was applied. To bring out more quantitative and precise FMEA result for bio-hydrogen production process, fuzzy logic and potential loss cost estimated from ASPEN Capital Cost Estimator (ACCE) was introduced. Consequently, risk for releasing the flammable gases via internal leakage of steam tube which to control the operating temperature of main reactor was caution status in FMEA result without applying the fuzzification and ACCE. Moreover, probability of the steam tube plugging caused by solid property like medium was still caution status. As to apply the fuzzy logic and potential loss cost estimated from ACCE, a couple of caution status was unexpectedly upgraded to high dangerous status since the potential loss cost of steam tube for main reactor and decrease in product gases are higher than expected.