• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Ulmus davidiana supercritical fluid residue EtOH extracts(USCFR) and ethyl acetate solvent fraction (USCFREA) of supercritical extraction foil were investigated in order to examine the recycling of supercritical extraction foil in the process of studying Ulmus davidiana branch supercritical extract. Experiments were performed for the determination of total phenol content. The $IC_{50}$ value(ppm) of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity was $7.42{\pm}0.09$, $7.50{\pm}0.05$, $22.94{\pm}0.09$, $6.43{\pm}0.10$, and USCFREA, respectively, as compared with the positive control (vitamin C) with values $17.80{\pm}0.14$ and $5.34{\pm}0.06$, respectively. The antioxidative activities of USCFR and USCFREA were confirmed to be superior to the positive control group. In anti-allergic activity studies, both USCFR and USCFREA showed concentration-dependentanti-allergic activity, and USCFREA showed strong anti-allergic activity even at very low concentrations. Thetotal phenolic contents (ugEG, ugGA; ppm) of USCFR were $134.17{\pm}0.13$, $132.02{\pm}0.24$ and USCFREA were $154.77{\pm}1.05$ and $153.18{\pm}1.10$, respectively. Based on the above results and strong antioxidant activity, USCFR and USCFREA hold the potential to be considered as basic research materials for the development of therapeutic supplements based medicines or functional cosmetics related to chronic inflammatory skin immunity diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.535-544
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of isoflavone composition (glycoside and bio-active aglycone) in Cheonggukjang and to evaluate its quality characteristics depending on different soybean cultivars (Daewon, Daepoong, Wooram, Hwangkeumol and Saedanback). The bioactivity of Cheonggukjang was enhanced during fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. Activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase, protease, and cellulase increased significantly after 48 h fermentation (p<0.05). In addition, amino-type nitrogen and reducing sugar contents in Cheonggukjang fermented with B. subtilis increased significantly after 48 h fermentation (p<0.05). Among the isoflavones, the content of $\beta$-glucosides and acetyl-glucosides decreased, while aglycone content increased during fermentation. Especially, Cheonggukjang fermented with Daepoong cultivars showed the greatest increase in daidzein, genistein and glycitein contents. After 48 h fermentation, the contents of daidzein, genistein and glycitein in the Cheonggukjang fermented with Daepoong cultivars increased significantly up to $503.65{\pm}2.76$, $111.40{\pm}0.42$, and $633.95{\pm}6.01{\mu}g/g$ (p<0.05), respectively. Total aerobic and anaerobic cell counts increased with increase in fermentation time. Therefore, it would be beneficial for the food industry if components of Cheonggukjang could be separated and used to develop functional products.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of the urinary incontinence and it's relating factors in women. The target population is 327 community dwelling women in the age of 30-70 years old at 6 cities in Korea. The data were collected from August, 1996 to December. 1996 with interview using structured questionaire composing of items of general characteristics, obstetric characteristics, disease characteristics, situation of experiencing urinary incontinence, discomfort due to urinary incontinence, and depression. The data were analysed with $SPSS/PC^+$ program, T-test, $x^2$ test, and ANOVA test. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women is 37.7%(130/327). 2) The mean duration of experiencing the urinary incontinence was 75.9 months and the 60% of the respondents experienced a few frequency of urinary incontinence and the most common amount of urinary incontinence(91.5%) was somewhat small expressed as 'wetting their clothes'. 3) The common factors related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing aloudly, and the activities of need for hurry. 4) The most common situations of discomforts associated with urinary incontinence were having long journey, exercise, playing, and social meeting. 5) The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in woman who had more children, older age of last delivery, more vaginal delivaries, and less c-section. 6) The incidence of urinary incontinence was not affected with the disease characteristics of the respondents, however it was higher when the women had the physical problems of constipation, abdominal laparatomy and episode of urinary catheterization than who had not. 7) The most common symptom of urinary incontinence was the frequent urine(43.1%), and the next was the urgent urine(12.3), delayed urine(9.2%). 8) 90.7% of the epsodic urinary incontinence were not treated at al, however, they wanted to try the herb medicine(41.5%), Kegel exercise(27.7%), and biofeedback(10.0%). 9) The level of Depression in the group of urinary incontinence was higher than that of non incontinence group significantly. In conclusion, as urinary incontinence in women proved severe health problem, health care providers need to develop and provide nursing intervention of urinary incontinence such as pelvic muscle exercise with bio-feedback and psychological care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.542-547
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• 2008

The anti-diabetic effects of water extracts (WE) from medicinal herbs on hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes, such as glucokinase (GCK), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, were studied using the cytosol fraction in liver and mitochondia fraction in heart of a type II diabetic animal (GK rat, Goto-Kakizaki). The free radical scavenging activity of water extracts by DPPH method was also tested. We found that free radical scavenging activity was strong in Corni fructu (CF), Mokdan Bark (MDB), Chenhwabon (CHB) and Sanyack (SY), while that of Backbocreng (BBR), Shuckgihwang (SGH) and Taecsa (TS) was lower. For GCK activity in cytosol of liver, CF and CHB had a more effective activity than other extracts. PDH activity in mitochondria fraction of heart was higher in all of the extracts, expect for the TS extract, than in the control. ACC activity in cytosol fraction of liver was significantly higher in the CF, CHB, SGH, TS and SY extracts than in the control. CF, BBR and MDB led to a decrease in the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity. Therefore, these results suggest that all of the extracts may be used as functional material in the development as anti-diabetic functional food and medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.481-486
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• 2010

The nutraceutical role of omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) water extract (OWE) was determined through the analysis of antioxidant activity, nitrite scavening activity, and xanthine oxdiase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Antioxidant activity of OWE was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase-like activity (SODA). DPPH radical scavenging activity and SODA increased in a dose-dependent manner, and was about 49.0% at 2.5 mg/mL and 69.2% at 5 mg/mL, respectively. The xanthine oxidase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of OWE were about 88.8% and 86.2% at 1 mg/mL, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity of OWE was about 54.9%, 42.4%, and 34.2% on pH 1.2, 3.0, and 6.0 at 1 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that OWE has a strong antioxidant activity, and xanthine oxidase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects, and nitrite scavenging abilities of Jubak (alcohol filter cake, AFC) hot water and ethanol extracts. Tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Jubak hot water and ethanol extracts were above 85%. Nitrite scavenging ability was higher at pH 1.2 than at pH 4.2 and 6.0. Nitrite scavenging abilities of water and ethanol extracts were above 90% at pH 1.2. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of Jubak hot water and ethanol extracts showed a lower, and the effect did not different by hot water and ethanol. ACE inhibitory effects of Jubak hot water and ethanol extracts were approximately 43~53% and 36~47%, respectively. Overall, our results indicate that Jubak hot water and ethanol extracts may have tyrosinase and ACE inhibitory effects and nitrite scavenging ability, but no xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect. Therefore, Jubak has potential as a cosmetic raw material. Additionally, Jubak could be used as a food additive.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.429-438
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the effects on anti-oxidative activities and increasing extraction yield of Aralia elata Cortex by gamma irradiation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis as physical techniques for irradiation identification of Aralia elata showed that a pair of peak appeared on a space of 6.0 mT at the left and right of symmetric unspecific central ESR spectrums, confirming that the plant was gamma-irradiated. The optimum extracting conditions for preparing gamma irradiated samples from Aralia elata Cortex were to extract with 50% ethanol for 15 hrs after 10 kGy irradiation. DPPH scavenging activity and ABTS radical cation inhibitory activity of the water and 50% ethanol extracts from non irradiated and irradiated Aralia elata Cortex was very high as over 80% and 98%, respectively, at tested low concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) as anti-oxidation indicator of lipophilic compounds showed a very high level of activity as 2.18~2.78 PF. As for TBARs, water and ethanol extracts showed high level. Increase of TBARs inhibitory activity of water extracts was not shown by gamma-ray irradiation but ethanol extracts showed slight increasement of TBARs inhibitory activity with 10 kGy gamma-ray irradiation. These results shown confirmed increasement of extraction yield for phenolic compounds and anti-oxidative activity from Aralia elata. Thus, the treatment of gamma-irradiation can be used a way to amplify a solubility for biological active compounds and anti-oxidative activity in plants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2005

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to monitor the effects of steaming and roasting conditions of Polygonatum odoratum roots an total phenolics content, electron donating ability (EDA) and nitrite-scavenging ability (NSA) of the extract. In steaming and roasting processes based on the central composite design. with variations in steaming time $(60\~180\;min)$, roasting temperature $(110\~150\;min)$ and roasting time $(10\~50\;min)$, coefficients of determinations $(R^2)$ were 0.9356 (p<0.01) in total phenolics, 0.9578 (p<0.01) in EDA and 0.9436 (p<0.01) in NSA (pH 3.0). The maximum value of total phenolics was $2847.67\;mg\%$ at 135.59 min of steaming time, $143.84^{\circ}C$ of roasting temperature and 43.47 min of roasting time. The maximum value of EDA was $75.00\%$ in 108.98 min, $135.56^{\circ}C$ and 48.86 min. The maximum value of NSA (pH 3.0) was $87.38\%$ in 162.80 min, $143.88^{\circ}C$ and 31.97 min, respectively. Total phenolics content of the extract was influenced by heating conditions in the order of roasting temperature, steaming time and roasting time. While EDA and NSA were appreciably influenced by roasting time, followed by roasting temperature and steaming time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2013

Cancer cells exhibit increased demand for glutamine-derived carbons to support anabolic processes. Indeed, the spectrum of glutamine-dependent tumors and the mechanisms through which glutamine supports cancer metabolism remain areas of active investigation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of glutamine deprivation on the correlation between tightening of tight junctions (TJs) and anti-invasive activity in human prostate carcinoma LnCap cells. Glutamine deprivation markedly inhibited cell motility and invasiveness in a time-dependent manner. The anti-invasive activity of glutamine deprivation was associated with an increased tightness of the TJ, which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). The activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were inhibited in a time-dependent fashion by glutamine deprivation, which was correlated with a decrease in expression of their mRNA and proteins and up-regulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) expression. Furthermore, glutamine deprivation repressed the levels of the claudin family members, which are major components of TJs that play a key role in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. Moreover, the levels of E-cadherin, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, and snail, an epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulator and zinc finger transcription factor, were markedly modulated by glutamine deprivation. Taken together, these findings suggest that TJs and MMPs are critical targets of glutamine deprivation-induced anti-invasion in human prostate carcinoma LnCap cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.926-930
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• 2003

Effects of powdered pine needle (Pinus densiflora seib et Zucc) on serum and liver lipid composition and antioxidative capacity were investigated in rat fed high oxidized fat. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 161.25$\pm$2.51 g were blocked into four groups according to body weight and raised seven weeks with basal diet (normal group, I), basal diet and 10% oxidized fat (control group, II), basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 2% powdered pine needle (2% powdered pine needle group, III) and basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 3% powdered pine needle (3% powdered pine needle group, IV). Food intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly different among oxidized fat diet groups. The level of plasma total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease, whereas the plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration revealed a tendency to increase in pine needle groups. However plasma triglyceride level showed no significant differences in the treatment groups. Intake of the oxidized fat has increased the levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride. The powdered pine needle showed a tendency to decrease thiobarbituric acid values in plasma and liver. The pine needle samples have also decreased the plasma GOT and GPT activities, whereas they have increased the liver glutathione peroxidase activity.