• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale for older adults with hypertension in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used with 196 participants. Translation and back-translation were performed by bilingual nursing professionals and a nutritionist. Reliability and validity such as content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity were conducted. To evaluate the concurrent validity, the correlation coefficients between the Korean version of Hypertension Self-Care Behavior and concurrent scales (hypertension adherence scale and self-efficacy scale) were calculated. Results: The total 20 items for the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care (HBP-SC) Behavior Scale were retained during item-analysis. In explanatory factor analysis, a two-factor solution was proposed and the two factors named, 'HBP-SC Diet behavior' and 'HBP-SC Health behavior (except diet)'. The two factors accounted for 48.9% of the variances. The Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale correlated with concurrent variables such as hypertension adherence and self-efficacy. For reliability of the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.92$. Conclusion: Findings show that the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior is reliable and valid for measuring self-care behavior of older adults with hypertension.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1083-1089
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• 2015

Background: Compliance with California's smoke-free restaurant and bar policies may be more a function of social contingencies and less a function of legal contingencies. The aims of this study were: 1) to report indications of compliance with smoke-free legislation in Korean bars and restaurants in California; 2) to examine the demographic, smoking status, and acculturation factors of who smoked indoors; and 3) to report social cues in opposition to smoking among a sample of Koreans in California. Materials and Methods: Data were collected by telephone surveys administered by bilingual interviewers between 2007-2009, and included California adults of Korean descent who visited a Korean bar or restaurant in a typical month (N=2,173, 55% female). Results: 1% of restaurant-going participants smoked inside while 7% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean restaurant. Some 23% of bar-going participants smoked inside and 65% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean bar. Presence of ashtrays was related to indoor smoking in bars and restaurants. Among participants who observed smoking, a higher percentage observed someone ask a smoker to stop (17.6%) or gesture to a smoker (27.0%) inside Korean restaurants (N=169) than inside Korean bars (n=141, 17.0% observed verbal cue and 22.7% observed gesture). Participants who smoked inside were significantly younger and more acculturated than participants who did not. Less acculturated participants were significantly more to likely to be told to stop smoking. Conclusions: Ten years after implementation of ordinances, smoking appears to be common in Korean bars in California.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-36
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• 2003

Background: Evidence based medicine has become main tools for medical practice. However, conducting a highly ranked in the evidence hierarchy pyramid is not easy or feasible at all times and places. There remains a room for descriptive clinical outcome measure studies with admitting the limit of the intepretation. Aims: Presents three Korean clinic based outcome measure studies with a view to encouraging Korean clinicians to conduct similar studies. Methods: Three studies are presented briefly here in치uding 1) Quality of Life of liver cancer patients after 8 Constitutional acupuncture; 2) Developing a Korean version of Measuring yourself Medical Outcome profile (MYMOP); and 3) Survey on 5 Shu points: a pilot In the first study, we have included 4 primary or secondary liver cancer patients collecting their diagnostic X-ray film and clinical data f개m their hospital, and asked them to fill in the European Organization Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire before the commencement of the treatment. The acupuncture treatment is set up format but not disclosed yet. The translation and developing a Korean version of outcome measures that is Korean clinician friendly has been sought for MYMOP is one of the most appropriate one. The permission was granted, the translation into Korean was done, then back translated into English only based on the Korean translation by the researcher who is bilingual in both languages. The back translation was compared by the original developer of MYMOP and confirmed usable. In order to test the existence of acupoints and meridians through popular forms of Korean acupuncture regimes, we aim at collecting opinions from 101 Korean clinicians that have used those forms. The questions asked include most effective symptoms, 5 Shu points, points those are least likely to use due to either adverse events or the lack of effectiveness, theoretical reasons for the above proposals, proposing outcome measures, and the time from insertion to be effective. The questionnaire is posted on the virtual notice board of the homepage of the communication KOMA (The official tool of Association of Korean Oriental Medicine).

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.301-323
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• 2010

This study was to find the direction to assessment of school mathematics in accordance with 2009 reformed curriculum. As new trends in the latest reformed 2009 curriculum, creativity, multicultural education, and mathematics disposition were focused. In creativity, more items should be developed for enhancing students' ability in areas of fluency, elaborateness, and originality, besides flexibility which was mostly dealt in the formal assessments that have been done previously in school. In multicultural education. purposeful bilingual programs should be developed in mathematics education to improve not only students' language skill, but also mathematical ability. In mathematical disposition, various questionnaires including checklists along with clinical interview should be provided to evaluate students' on-going process of mathematical learning.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.834-839
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigates Korean speech sound development, including articulatory error patterns, among the Japanese-Korean children whose mothers are Japanese immigrants to Korea. Methods: The subjects were 28 Japanese-Korean children with normal development born to Japanese women immigrants who lived in Jeonbuk province, Korea. They were assessed through Computerized Speech Lab 4500. The control group consisted of 15 Korean children who lived in the same area. Results: The values of the voice onset time of consonants /$p^h$/, /t/, /$t^h$/, and/$k^*$/ among the children were prolonged. The children replaced the lenis sounds with aspirated or fortis sounds rather than replacing the fortis sounds with lenis or aspirated sounds, which are typical among Japanese immigrants. The children showed numerous articulatory errors for /c/ and /I/ sounds (similar to Koreans) rather than errors on /p/ sounds, which are more frequent among Japanese immigrants. The vowel formants of the children showed a significantly prolonged vowel /o/ as compared to that of Korean children ($P$<0.05). The Japanese immigrants and their children showed a similar substitution /n/ for /ɧ/ [Japanese immigrants (62.5%) vs Japanese-Korean children (14.3%)], which is rarely seen among Koreans. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Korean speech sound development among Japanese-Korean children is influenced not only by the Korean language environment but also by their maternal language. Therefore, appropriate language education programs may be warranted not only or immigrant women but also for their children.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.141-157
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• 2008

This study suggests some ideas for the improvements of the classes of Language(700) and Literature(800) of the 4th Edition of Korean Decimal Classification(KDC). They includes some recommendations for the followings: introducing some new entries of the time table for the Korean Literature and English and American Literatures; relocating some entries for the improvements including language policy and administration; using new terminologies: adding new and revised notes for the appropriate entries; changing some specific classifying methods including the classification of bilingual dictionaries; introducing some options including those for the subdivisions of modern novels and those for American Literature; and discontinuing some entries not used, especially those in other Languages.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1-25
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• 2014

This study intended to examine the English-Medium Instruction (EMI) policy in terms of developmental background and current situation in Chinese and Korean higher education institutions and to provide policy implications for each country. EMI policy in China and Korea shared common characteristics that the EMI courses in both countries were expanded through government leadership at the beginning in order to respond to internationalization since early 2000s. In terms of the differences, EMI policy in China aimed to improve educational quality and nurture bilingual talents while in Korea it primarily aimed to attract international students and internationalize universities. Although both governments took the lead in implementing the policy, universities in two nations responded differently. While the Chinese universities merely followed the government policy to expand EMI courses, its Korean counterparts had a more strong intention to increase EMI courses. Related policy implications were addressed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.51
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• pp.213-233
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• 2018

Representing the future of language is a very difficult but important issue, because it signifies a world of language different from the present; at the same time it secures the identity of the present language between the future changed language and the present one. This paper examines the linguistic world of dystopia, focusing on the "Fuji-no-shima" and "Gentoshi" of Yoko Tawada. First of all, "Fuji-no-shima" shows that, for Yoko Tawada, who was crossing the border between German and Japanese as a bilingual writer, the accidental Fukushima nuclear power generation in 2011 was accepted as the destruction of verbal order between signifiant and $signifi{\acute{e}}$, due to physical changes caused by radiation leaks. "Gentoshi" tells that human ties can be maintained through language activities that can capture multiple meanings, even in a world where traditional language order is destroyed through a policy of seclusion. From the above discussion, the novel Distopia, can actually be called Utopia as long as humans rely on the power of various languages to sustain it.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.72
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• pp.329-363
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• 2018

The Manual for Buddhist Rituals (1935) is the manual of Buddhist rituals which has a pivotal position in terms of the modernization of Korean Buddhist rituals. The text has been established through the contents and systems of the two texts, The Manual for Practising Rituals (作法龜鑑, 1827) and the Compulsory Manual for Buddhists (佛子必覽, 1931). These three manuals include the examples for practising the Manuals. The analysis of the examples for the practices of the three texts is as follows: The Manual for Practising Rituals tries to include the Sounds of the Music for the Buddhist Rituals through the Four Sounds (四聲) and the Twin words (儷語); the marks of the sounds are excluded after the compulsory Manual for Buddhists. The Manual for Buddhist Rituals has replaced the rituals for repentance (三寶通請) with the rituals for revering (四聖禮): and this text has made it easier that people participate in Buddhist rituals with the text which is written in bilingual format in Korean and Classic Chinese. The text has been popularized through above-mentioned changes against the previous two texts but it has ended up excluding the practices for the music of Korean Buddhism such as the music for Buddhist rituals (梵唄) and reciting the name of Buddhas (念佛).

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.543-556
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence multicultural adolescents' proficiency in their mother's native language, or their immigrant mother's native language. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed on data from the survey answered by 1,028 multicultural adolescents aged 15 years old and whose mothers were from foreign countries for the 6th Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study(MAPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) in 2016. The main results are as follows. First, multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency was generally low and significant differences were observed according to their gender, parents' educational level, household income, and mother's native country. More specifically, a higher proficiency in minority language was found for girls than boys, adolescents with a higher parental educational level, adolescents with a higher income, and adolescents whose mothers were from Japan or China, compared with those from the Philippines, Thailand, or Vietnam. Second, a significant positive correlation was observed between multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency and 1) foreign culture acceptance, 2) parent's educational support, and 3) the use of the minority language at home. Third, foreign culture acceptance, parents' educational support, and the use of the minority language at home were predictors of multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency. The study is meaningful in that it examined multicultural adolescents' minority language proficiency, elucidating their bilingual development, whereas previous studies have only focused on their proficiency in Korean, which is the majority language.