• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.890-895
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• 2008

The antioxidant activity of resveratrol in cholesterol-fed rats, along with its hypolipidemic effects was determined. Thirty two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups (Control, Res30 and Res70) and fed a hyperlipidemic diet for 4 weeks. Resveratrol was suspended in 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution and given to rats of the Res30 and Res70 groups once a day for 4 weeks by oral intubation at a dose of 30 and 70 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The control group received 0.3% CMC solution alone. Resveratrol significantly lowered serum lipid, hepatic cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the control. Excretion of bile acids was significantly enhanced by resveratrol. The overall potential of the antioxidant system was significantly enhanced by the resveratrol as plasma and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were lowered while serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased in the cholesterol-fed rats. These findings suggest that resveratrol maintains an antioxidant efficacy as well as its anti-hyperlipidemic effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.915-922
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• 2023

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widespread in a variety of environments including fermented dairy products, gastroinstetinal and urogenital tracts of human and animals, plant, soil and water. Leuconostoc mesenteroides DB3 was detected by the strongest antibacterial activities among 24 Leuconostoc strains isolated from Camellia japonica flowers. Acid tolerance of L. mesenteroides DB3 existed up to pH 2.5, but the resistance did not show at pH 2.0, which relatively excellent acid resistance existed. Bile acid tolerance was very stable within the test range to 1.2%. L. mesenteroides DB3 exhibited the optimal growth at 30℃, and showed a slight slow growth when compared with L. mesenteroides KCTC3505, which reached a stationary phase at 18 hr. The pH was changed along with the growth curve, but was maintained above pH 3.98. L. mesenteroides DB3 had higher initial antibacterial activities when compared to L. mesenteroides KCTC3505, but it showed similar activities with the standard strain after the latter part of the logarithmic growth phase. Although lactic acid production in L. mesenteroides DB3 was induced by lower amount in the initial part to the standard strain, it was exhibited by similar amounts after the late logarithmic growth phase. Muicin adhesion of L. mesenteroides DB-3 maintained superior to L. mesenteroides KCTC3505. Both strains showed excellent emulsification ability for kerosene. In summary, we evaluate that L. mesenteroides DB-3 has a high potential for application as probiotics owing to its excellent antibacterial activity, acid resistance, bile acid resistance, and muicin adhesion.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.306-316
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the functional characteristics and safety properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from salt-fermented anchovy, a putative probiotic candidate. The following isolates were identified by biochemical profiles, carbohydrate fermentation patterns, and 16S rRNA sequencing: Enterococcus faecium AJ06, Leuconostoc mesenteroides AJ13, Pediococcus halophilus AJ22, Lactobacillus sakei AJ29, and Pediococcus pentosaceus AJ35. The strains AJ06, AJ22, AJ29 exhibited high tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juices and were able to produce bile salt hydrolase on MRS agar plates supplemented with taurocholic acid and/or taurodeoxycholic acid. The strains AJ22 and AJ29, which demonstrated high adherence to Caco-2 cells and resistance to various antibiotics, effectively inhibited the growth of food-borne pathogens by the production of antimicrobial substances. These strains did not show ${\alpha}-$ or ${\beta}$-haemolysis on blood agar. Furthermore, biogenic amines in MRS broth containing the precursor amino acids were not mutagenic in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.473-483
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• 2022

In this study we investigated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the ingredients and anti-oxidant activity of Withania somnifera extract. Four strains of LAB could proliferate normally in medium containing W. somnifera extract after the pH reached 3.1~3.5. LAB fermentation increased the content of alcohols and ketones, endowing the extract with the characteristic aroma of fermentation. Compared to the control, the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging rates in the fermented samples were significantly improved, ranging from 48.5% to 59.6% and 1.2% to 6.4%. The content of total phenols was significantly increased by 36.1% during the fermentation of mixed bacteria. Moreover, the original composition spectrum of the extract was significantly changed while the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were closely related to bile secretion, tryptophan metabolism and purine metabolism. Therefore, LAB fermentation can be used as a promising way to improve the flavor and bioactivity of the extracts of W. somnifera, making the ferments more attractive for use as functional food.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2022

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare genetic disease caused by a deficiency of enzymes for the synthesis of bile acid, resulting in the accumulation of cholestanol with reduced chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) production and causing various symptoms such as chronic diarrhea in infancy, juvenile cataracts in childhood, tendon xanthomas in adolescence and young adulthood, and progressive neurologic dysfunction in adulthood. Because oral CDCA replacement therapy can effectively prevent disease progression, early diagnosis and treatment are critical in CTX. This study reports the case of CTX in a 10-year-old male who presented with Achilles tendon xanthoma and mild intellectual disability. Biochemical testing showed normal cholesterol and sitosterol levels but elevated cholestanol levels. Genetic testing showed compound heterozygous variants of CYP27A1, c.379C>T (p.Arg127Trp), and c.1214G>A (p.Arg405Gln), which confirmed the diagnosis of CTX. The patient had neither cataracts nor other focal neurologic deficits and showed no abnormalities on brain imaging. The patient received oral CDCA replacement therapy without any adverse effects; thereafter, the cholestanol level decreased and no disease progression was noted. The diagnostic possibility of CTX should be considered in patients with tendon xanthoma and normolipidemic conditions to prevent neurological deterioration.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.685-702
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• 2023

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used as probiotics; however, not all LAB strains have the same beneficial effects. To successfully use LAB as probiotics in canines, LAB species should originate from the canine intestinal tract as they display host specificity. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genomic traits of potential probiotic LAB isolated from canine fecal samples. Twenty LAB samples were evaluated for their potential probiotic characteristics including resistance to low pH, bile salts, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, adhesion to epithelia or mucosa, and production of inhibitory compounds. Additionally, we evaluated their safety and other beneficial effects on canine health, such as DPPH free radical scavenging, and β-galactosidase. Four strains demonstrated potential probiotic characteristics and were selected: Enterococcus hirae Pom4, Limosilactobacillus fermentum Pom5, Pediococcus pentosaceus Chi8, and Ligilactobacillus animalis FB2. Safety evaluations showed that all strains lacked hemolytic activity, could not produce biogenic amines, and did not carry any pathogenic genes. In addition, L. fermentum Pom5 and P. pentosaceus Chi8 displayed susceptibility to all antibiotics and concordant with the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Based on their phenotypic and genomic characteristics, L. fermentum Pom5 and P. pentosaceus Chi8 were identified as potential probiotic candidates for canines.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.249-252
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• 2013

The Bacillus KU801 strain, due to its potential in the field of probiotics for animal use, was isolated from chicken feces. Strain KU801 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KU801 based on the results of 16S rRNA sequencing. Vegetative and spore cells of B. amyloliquefaciens KU801 were resistant to artificial gastric juice and artificial bile acid. B. amyloliquefaciens KU801 was found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) and increase the production of Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1${\alpha}$). DNA damage induced by N-methyl-Ntion of ninitroso-guanidine (MNNG) was significantly inhibited, in a dose dependent manner, by preincubating MNNG together with B. amyloliquefaciens KU801. These results demonstrate the potential use of B. amyloliquefaciens KU801 as a feed additive.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.749-755
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• 2014

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been widely used in the food industry as viscofying, stabilizing, and emulsifying agents as well as in the pharmaceutical industry for their immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. A total of 458 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from several kinds of soybean pastes were screened for the production of homo-EPS (HoPS). LAB isolates were primarily screened using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and further screened polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting genes involved in HoPS production. Six LAB isolates producing high amounts of HoPS were identified by TLC. Among these isolates, glucansucrase gene was amplified in two strains (JSA57, JSB22), whereas the fructansucrase gene was detected in three strains (JSA57, JSB22, JSB66). After isolating the strains, their morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences were determined. Six species were identified as L. alimentarius HSB15, L. plantarum JSA22, L. pentosus JSA57, L. brevis JSB22, L. alimentarius JSB66, and L. parabrevis JSB89. To evaluate the potential probiotic properties of these LAB, their survival rates against a simulated intestinal environment were determined. After 2 hr of incubation in artificial gastric juice, survival rates of JSA57, JSB90, JSB22, and JSB66 were all greater than 50%. After 2 hr of incubation in bile juice, viable cell count of JSB22 was similar with initial vial cell counts. Growth of the six LAB was screened in arabino-oligosaccharide (AOS)-containing MRS broth. Results showed that growth of the isolates selectively increased after culture in AOS-containing media. Strain JSB22 (6 hr), JSB66 (6 hr), HSB15 (20 hr), and JSA22 (29 hr) showed maximum growth rate. Especially, JSB22 showed the highest growth rate. These results suggest that EPS-producing LAB isolated from Deonjang could be applied as synbiotics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the alcohol degradation ability of fig enzyme in the production of cheese using Lactobacillus kitasatonis, Lactobacillus amylophillus, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides sub. The strains were highly resistant to ethanol, acid, and bile acid. When 10% of fig enzyme was added, the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in each strain were approximately 170, 270, and 190% higher, respectively, than in samples without fig enzyme. The addition of 10% of fig enzyme to produce cheese with the L. amylophillus strain showed an approximately 250% increase in alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase degradation. In conclusion, when fig enzyme was added to produce cheese using L. amylophillus, high alcohol degradation ability was observed. The applicability of fig enzyme addition was confirmed for the production of functional food.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.348-354
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• 2003

This study was conducted to confirm the availability of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics haying inhibitory effects to cancer cell line. Five lactic acid bacteria showing anti-cancer activity were compared by acid tolerance, bile tolerance, antibiotics resistance, milk fermentation, stability, and cell adherence activity to colon epithelial cell. The results obtained are as follows : In acid tolerance, all strains did not have a resistance below pH 3.0 and 3.5 except Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3099. In antibiotics resistance, Lactococcus lactis and L. plantarum KCTC3099 were resistant to cotrimoxazol (128 mg/1), and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Maeil-K8 and B. infantis Maeil-K9 were resistant to doxycylin and gentamycin (4 mg/1). In case of cell adherence ability to Caco-2 cell, B. infantis Maeil-K9 was found to be superior to others as 3.1%, while the others were less than 0.5%. When the strains were cultured to milk base, viable counts of the strains tested increased more 1 log cycle than inoculation, but acid production was very low except L. plantarum KCTC3099. Also, L. plantarum KCTC3099, B. adolescentis Maeil-K8, and B. infantis Maeil-K9 were stable in fermented milk base during storage. In conclusion, L. plantarum KCTC3099 and B. infantis Maeil-K9 were confirmed to be superior for the availability as probiotics.