• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2004

3차원 날개의 공력형상 설계최적화를 위한 설계최적화 시스템을 미래의 다분야 설계최적화 프레임워크의 일환으로 개발하였다. 이 설계최적화 시스템은 형상설계, 격자생성, 공력해석, 최적화의 4가지 모듈로 구성되어있다. 모두 상용패키지를 배경으로 개발하였으며 내장된 스크립트와 저널링 기능을 사용하여 배치 모드에서 자동적으로 실행되도록 프로그램 하였다. Visual Basic 프로그램을 사용하여 네 모듈을 통합하여 자동화된 설계기능을 갖도록 하였다. 특히 계산시간이 많이 소요되는 공력해석을 위하여 네트워크 통신을 이용한 분산 환경을 구현하였다. 공력해석은 일반적인 영역분할방식의 병렬처리 대신에 전역최적화 기법인 반응표면법과 연계하여 분산처리 시켰다. 개발한 공력설계 시스템의 검증을 위하여 간단한 항력최소화 문제에 적용하였으며 그 결과 상당히 향상된 설계 효율성과 적절한 설계 결과를 보여주었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1188-1190
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• 2003

Taipei Watershed Management Bureau (WRATB) is a government agency entitled for water resources protection at two major watersheds in order to provide drinking water for about four millions population in Taipei on a sustainable basis. At WRATB, there are two major public sewage treatment facilities which can convert sewage in each watershed into an acceptable state before they were discharged into rivers. More than 82% of household wastewater have been collected and treated by the two public sewage systems. However, households at remote area still need more effective sewage management prescriptions. The objective of this paper is to implement geographic information systems in order to provide more effective approaches that sewage management can be easier and cost effective. ArcIMS was implemented for Internet browsing and map server of those sewage facilities on personal computers, laptop computers. In the open field, ArcPAD was implemented with personal digital assistant (PDA) such that compact flash type's global positioning systems (GPS) and digital camera can be utilized with PDA. All sewage facilities digital files were convert into ArcMap format files. MapObjects and visual BASIC were used to create sewage application modules to meet every single technician personal flavor. ASP.NET was implemented for Internet database manipulations of all sewage databases. Mobile GIS was the key component of GIS applications in the open field for sewage management on a basis of house by house. Houses at remote area, which can not cover by the two public sewage systems, were managed by PDA and laptop computers with GPS and digital camera. Sewage management at Taipei Watershed Management Bureau is easier both in the open field and in the office. Integration of GPS, GIS, and PDA makes sewage management in the open field much easier. ArcIMS, MapObjects, ASP.NET and visual BASIC make sewage management can be done in the office and over Internet.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2007

비정형격자 기반의 수치해석모형을 이용하여 지하공간침수해석모형을 개발하였다. 본 모형은 지하공간의 흐름 특성을 link-node 시스템에 의해 해석하고, 계단 및 벽구조물 등의 지하공간 구조물 배치 영향을 고려한 침수해석을 수행할 수 있다. 흐름은 두가지로 구분하며, 하나는 두 개의 인접한 격자가 지하공간에서의 지하철 노선에 해당되어 수로형 흐름을 나타내는 경우이고, 다른 하나는 지하공간에서의 지하철 노선 이외의 지점 및 지하상가 등으로 물이 확산되는 위어형 흐름인 경우이다. ArcGIS 시스템의 Visual Basic Application을 이용하여 Dual-Drainage 침수해석 모형과 지하공간침수해석 모형이 통합하였다. 개발된 통합모형은 홍수관계기관이 침수 발생이 예상되는 지점에서 홍수피해 방지를 위해 배수시스템의 용량에 대한 재설계 흑은 확장 등과 같은 대책을 수립하는데 도움을 줄 수 있고, 침수위험지도작성 및 홍수경감대책을 수립하는데 이용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain basic information for gene manipulation in potent edible tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. TI 516). N. tabacum cv. TI 516 is a plant for a possible candidate to use as an edible vaccine, since it contains a low level of nicotine. The effective plant regeneration system through leaf disc culture was achieved using a MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg $1^{-1}$ NAA and 0.5 mg $1^{-1}$ BA. In order to transform the N. tabacum cv. TI 516 with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 containing the GFP gene was used. Genomic PCR confirmed the integration of the GFP gene into nuclear genome of transgenic plants. Expression of the GFP gene was identified in callus, apical meristem and root tissue of transgenic N. tabacum cv. TI 516 plants using fluorescence microscopy. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of GFP protein in the transgenic edible tobacco plants. The amount of GFP protein detected in the transgenic tobacco plants was approximately 0.16% of the total soluble plant protein (TSP), which was determined by ELISA.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.839-850
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• 2002

A performance simulation program for the turboprop engine (PT6A-62), which is the power plant of the first Korean indigenous basic trainer KT-1, was developed for performance prediction, development of an EHMS (Engine Health Monitoring System) and the flight simulator. Characteristics of components including compressors, turbines, power turbines and the constant speed propeller were required for the steady state and transient performance analysis with on and off design point analysis. In most cases, these were substituted for what scaled from similar engine components'characteristics with the scaling law. The developed program was evaluated with the performance data provided by the engine manufacturer and with analysis results of GASTURB program, which is well known for the performance simulation of gas turbines. Performance parameters such as mass flow rate, compressor pressure ratio, fuel flow rate, specific fuel consumption and turbine inlet temperature were discussed to evaluate validity of the developed program at various cases. The first case was the sea level static standard condition and other cases were considered with various altitudes, flight velocities and part loads with the range between idle and 105% rotational speed of the gas generator. In the transient analysis, the Continuity of Mass Flow Method was utilized under the condition that mass stored between components is ignored and the flow compatibility is satisfied, and the Modified Euler Method was used for integration of the surplus torque. The transient performance analysis for various fuel schedules was performed. When the fuel step increase was considered, the overshoot of the turbine inlet temperature occurred. However, in case of ramp increase of the fuel longer than step increase of the fuel, the overshoot of the turbine inlet temperature was effectively reduced.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2005

There have been great demands for higher density SRAM in all area of SRAM applications, such as mobile, network, cache, and embedded applications. Therefore, aggressive shrinkage of 6T Full CMOS SRAM had been continued as the technology advances, However, conventional 6T Full CMOS SRAM has a basic limitation in the cell size because it needs 6 transistors on a silicon substrate compared to 1 transistor in a DRAM cell. The typical cell area of 6T Full CMOS SRAM is $70{\sim}90F^{2}$, which is too large compared to $8{\sim}9F^{2}$ of DRAM cell. With 80nm design rule using 193nm ArF lithography, the maximum density is 72M bits at the most. Therefore, pseudo SRAM or 1T SRAM, whose memory cell is the same as DRAM cell, is being adopted for the solution of the high density SRAM applications more than 64M bits. However, the refresh time limits not only the maximum operation temperature but also nearly all critical electrical characteristics of the products such as stand_by current and random access time. In order to overcome both the size penalty of the conventional 6T Full CMOS SRAM cell and the poor characteristics of the TFT load cell, we have developed $S^{3}$ cell. The Load pMOS and the Pass nMOS on ILD have nearly single crystal silicon channel according to the TEM and electron diffraction pattern analysis. In this study, we present $S^{3}$ SRAM cell technology with 100nm design rule in further detail, including the process integration and the basic characteristics of stacked single crystal silicon TFT.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2013

Plant industry is one of technology-intensive and most prosperous industries in Korea because of its recent prosperity and promising outlook in export. However, no Korean EPC company has yet been well prepared in lifting their capacity sufficient enough to get the upstream conceptual or basic design and engineering orders for sizable plant projects which are known as the more value-added. If systems engineering, a methodology which developed complex systems such as airplanes and has been justified its effectiveness in Defense and NASA projects, can be integrated with plant engineering which should be developed and applied based on the requirements of so many stakeholders, conditions, lifecycle concepts, and constraints of the projects, huge synergic effect is expected particularly in developing a specific upstream design, which is a conceptual or basic design. The notion of integration with each other between systems engineering and plant engineering can be really the crux of EPC's success in any plant projects. This paper suggests an approach showing a methodology how to dig out, analyze, evaluate, verify and implement the stakeholders' requirements into a plant design in conceptual phase using the theory and skills of systems engineering. ISO/IEC 15288 well known systems engineering standards is used. Carbon capture system is used for a case study, for it is an emerging technology in reducing emissions of carbon dioxide causing global warming from flue gas after combustion. Here systems engineering was proven to play a substantial role in enhancing the capability of designers in developing a conceptual design of whole plant or certain part of crucial plant systems.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2006

There have been great demands for higher density SRAM in all area of SRAM applications, such as mobile, network, cache, and embedded applications. Therefore, aggressive shrinkage of 6 T Full CMOS SRAM had been continued as the technology advances. However, conventional 6 T Full CMOS SRAM has a basic limitation in the cell size because it needs 6 transistors on a silicon substrate compared to 1 transistor in a DRAM cell. The typical cell area of 6 T Full CMOS SRAM is $70{\sim}90\;F^2$, which is too large compared to $8{\sim}9\;F^2$ of DRAM cell. With 80 nm design rule using 193 nm ArF lithography, the maximum density is 72 Mbits at the most. Therefore, pseudo SRAM or 1 T SRAM, whose memory cell is the same as DRAM cell, is being adopted for the solution of the high density SRAM applications more than 64 M bits. However, the refresh time limits not only the maximum operation temperature but also nearly all critical electrical characteristics of the products such as stand_by current and random access time. In order to overcome both the size penalty of the conventional 6 T Full CMOS SRAM cell and the poor characteristics of the TFT load cell, we have developed S3 cell. The Load pMOS and the Pass nMOS on ILD have nearly single crystal silicon channel according to the TEM and electron diffraction pattern analysis. In this study, we present $S^3$ SRAM cell technology with 100 nm design rule in further detail, including the process integration and the basic characteristics of stacked single crystal silicon TFT.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.22-48
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• 2004

Information systems that are not used cannot be useful. In order to increase user acceptance, it is necessary to understand why people accept or reject information systems. Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) is one of the most influential research models for studying determinants how users accept information systems. Recently, Knowledge Management Systems(KMS) have become important components of corporate systems as the foundation of industrialized economics has shifted from natural resources to knowledge assets. This paper applies TAM to investigate users' acceptance of KMS in public administration institutions. It sampled 182 users who had experience in using KMS. Many empirical researches have suggested that TAM can be integrated with other organizational theories to improve its predictive and explanatory ower. We extended the basic TAM by the integration of appraisal and reward satisfaction theory. There are many external variables that influence the perception and the belief of system users. We introduced two external variables(job characteristics, IT self-efficacy) and one additional perception variable, perceived appraisal and reward(PAR) in the basic TAM model. The LISREL model analysis is used for finding out the causality among variables and testing the model fitness. As result, The IT self-efficacy influences to the perceived ease of use(PEOU) and the PAR, and the PEOU influences directly to the perceived usefulness(PU), the PAR, and the attitude toward KMS. The KMS participation intention(PI) was influenced by the PAR and the attitude directly,andbythePEOUindirectly. Finally, this paper suggests some guidelines for the adoption of KMS in public sectors on the basis of the study results.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2014

We identified four basic amino acid residues as nuclear localization signals (NLS) in the C-terminal domain of the prototype foamy viral (PFV) integrase (IN) protein that were essential for viral replication. We constructed seven point mutants in the C-terminal domain by changing the lysine and arginine at residues 305, 308, 313, 315, 318, 324, and 329 to threonine or proline, respectively, to identify residues conferring NLS activity. Our results showed that mutation of these residues had no effect on expression assembly, release of viral particles, or in vitro recombinant IN enzymatic activity. However, mutations at residues 305 (R ${\rightarrow}$ T), 313(R ${\rightarrow}$ T), 315(R ${\rightarrow}$ P), and 329(R ${\rightarrow}$ T) lead to the production of defective viral particles with loss of infectivity, whereas non-defective mutations at residues 308(R ${\rightarrow}$ T), 318(K ${\rightarrow}$ T), and 324(K ${\rightarrow}$ T) did not show any adverse effects on subsequent production or release of viral particles. Sub-cellular fractionation and immunostaining for viral protein PFV-IN and PFV-Gag localization revealed predominant cytoplasmic localization of PFV-IN in defective mutants, whereas cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of PFV-IN was observed in wild type and non-defective mutants. However sub-cellular localization of PFV-Gag resulted in predominant nuclear localization and less presence in the cytoplasm of the wild type and non-defective mutants. But defective mutants showed only nuclear localization of Gag. Therefore, we postulate that four basic arginine residues at 305, 313, 315 and 329 confer the karyoplilic properties of PFV-IN and are essential for successful viral integration and replication.