• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2016

The International Maritime Organization(IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004 to prevent the transfer of aquatic organisms via ballast water. Forty ballast water treatment systems were granted final approval. A variety of techniques have been developed for ballast water treatment including UV treatment, indirect or direct electrolysis, ozone treatment, chemical compounds and plasma-arc method. In particular, using plasma and ozone nano-bubble treatments have been attracted in the fields. However, these treatment systems have a problem such as remained toxic substance, demand for high power source, low efficiency, ets. In this paper, we present our strilization results obtained from membrane type electrolytic-reduction treatment system The core of an electrolysis unit is an electrochemical cell, which is filled with pure water and has two electrodes connected with an external power supply. At a certain voltage, which is called critical voltage, between both electrodes, the electrodes start to produce hydrogen gas at the negatively biased electrode and oxygen gas at the positively biased electrode. The amount of gases produced per unit time is directly related to the current that passes through the electrochemical cell. From the results, we could confirm the sterilization effect of bacteria such as S. aureus, E. Coli and demonstrate the mechanism of sterilization phenomena by electrolytic-reduction treatment system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.214-220
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• 2008

The Ballast Water Management Convention provides that ballast water treatment systems which make use of active substances shall be approved from IMO according to the procedure developed by the IMO. The Convention described that active substance means a substance or organism, including a virus or a fungus, that has a general or specific action on or against harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. The Marine Environment Protection Committee of IMO gave basic approval to 13 ballast water management systems and final approval to 4 systems until October 2008. This paper considered the matter of procedure and documents of the basic and final approval based on the "Procedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)" and "The Methodology for information gathering and the conduct of work of the GESAMP-BWWG" and summarized the specifications of the treatment systems which was granted the basic or final approval from IMO and raised several points.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1602-1613
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• 2016

Since Ballast Water Management Convention has been adopted, Ballast Water Management Convention is not effected yet. This convention will only enter into force 12 months after its ratification by 30 states, collectively representing 35% of world merchant shipping tonnnage. Morocco, Indonesia and Ghana have ratified this convention during last 29th IMO Assembly meeting which was held in November 2015. In 2016, Belgium, Fiji, Saint Lucia and Peru have become the latest countries to ratify the convention. As of now, 51 states and 34.87% combined merchant fleets are being calculated. BWM convention will be applied to not only new ships but also, existing ships after it is effected. Thus, existing vessel will be retrofitted a Ballast Water Treatment System according to D-2 Requirement until first IOPP nenewal survey after date of entry into force of the convention. Currently, about 65 BWTSs certified by Administration will be reported to IMO, even type of BWTSs is very various. Thus, a risk of each BWTS can be existed, and this existed risk can be also effected to ship's crew safety and protection of ship's own property. Therefore, we have evaluated a risk assessment for an existing vessel retrofitting an ultra violet type Ballast Water Treatment System which is mostly developed in the world. And we described the procedure of selecting a sample vessel, consequently, bulk carrier is selected because this vessel kind is mostly charged in the world. Especially, DWT 175K size is selected. Risk Assessment is using a HAZID and HAZOP method, evaluation method is referred to IMO Document "Considerated test of the Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for use in the IMO rule-marking process(MSC/Circ.1203-MEPC/Circ.392)". The Risk Assessment Section is decided to 3 Nodes, Consequently, total risks have evaluated 51 items.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1162-1167
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• 2006

The discharge of ballast water from the marine vessel without proper treatment causes the ecological disruption. Therefore, International Marine Organization(IMO) has the plan to force the proper treatment of ballast water before its discharge to open sea. To satisfy the IMO's criteria, several processes such as filtration, UV irradiation, and ozonation etc., were introduced. Since the disinfection of ballast water should be conducted within very short hydrolic retention time, electrochemical treatment can be a promissing process. The DSA(dimensional stable anode) electrode for the electrochemical treatment was prepared by thermal deposition method. The disinfection rate of microorganisms increased with the increasing current density and reaction time under low pH condition. The morphology of sterilized microorganisms was shown by SEM and Microscopy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.675-681
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• 2011

In this paper, we dealt with the design and fabrication of a medium pressure ultra-violet (UV) lamp and a magnetic ballast which are main components for ballast water treatment systems (BWTS). To acquire an optimal discharge condition of UV lamp, electrical and optical characteristics depending on the argon gas volume and the amount of mercury were experimentally analyzed. Rated voltage, current and power consumption of a prototype lamp were 490 [V], 8.6 [A] and 4.0 [kW], respectively. UV intensity of the lamp was 15 [%] higher than that of an equivalent lamp which is used in a BWTS. The magnetic ballast was designed in a UI core type through theoretical analysis and simulation. The open voltage and the rated power consumption of the ballast were 920 [V] and 8.5 [kVA] respectively. The disinfection efficacy which is carried out in a BWTS equipped with the UV lamp and magnetic ballast was over 99.99 [%], and this satisfy the IMO regulations.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.9-13
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• 2002

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.430-439
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• 2011

As the import and export cargos across the world increase with global trade environments, the ecocide caused lots of small marine organisms in the ship's ballast water is a big issue. The implementation of the BWTS (Ballast water treatment system) thus needs low-voltage high-current rectifier for electrolytic disinfection. So this paper proposes a suitable high-current inverter-type rectifier for electrolytic disinfection of seawater and analyzes its output characteristics. It also suggests the practical design guidelines for the proposed rectifier in terms of power circuit and controller designs.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

Indirect oxidation using chlorine species oxidizing agents is often effective in wastewater treatment using an electrochemical oxidation process. When chlorine ions are contained in the wastewater, oxidizing agents of various chlorine species are produced during electrolysis. In a ballast water management system, it is also used to treat ballast water by electrolyzing seawater to produce a chlorine species oxidizer. However, ballast water in the brackish zone and some wastewater has a low chlorine ion concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to study the chlorine generation current efficiency at various chlorine concentration conditions. In this study, the chlorine generating current efficiency of a boron-doped diamond(BDD) electrode and insoluble electrodes are compared with various chloride ion concentrations. The results of this study show that the current efficiency of the BDD electrode is better than that of the insoluble electrodes. The chlorine generation current efficiency is better in the order of BDD, MMO(mixed metal oxide), $Ti/RuO_2$, and $Ti/IrO_2$ electrodes. In particular, when the concentration of sodium chloride is 10 g/L or less, the current efficiency of the BDD electrode is excellent.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2012

For smooth implementation of the IMO Ballast Water Management Convention that is to come into effect in the near future, IMO and Member States are working on the development of various technologies and establishment of legislative action. Ballast water treatment systems are essential, yet difficult technologies, as they need not only to treat living organisms, but also define whether they are viable or not, count the number of viable organisms, and present quantitative results of the concentration of active substances. Despite the fact that the Convention is looming in the near future, the issues mentioned above obstruct the setup of consensual technologies for performance reliability of the treatment system and analysis method of efficacy test results. This paper considers the unsolved issues of the ballast water treatment technologies, and presents guidelines to solve these issues.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.217-224
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• 2015

In this paper, I describe a system for remote monitoring of devices Android-based sensor data recorded during the operation of the ballast water treatment system. The proposed remote monitoring system is Designed and implemented when a problem occurs in the ballast water treatment system installed in the vessel, provide information if you are unable to determine the cause in the field or engineer dispatch request of external. System developed is composed of a server holding the sensor data information collected from the vessel and a mobile device that is not bound to time and place. The transmission of sensor data between mobile devices and server, and is implemented by TCP/IP to transmit information securely. System is composed of request to the server from the mobile device after the user inputs the input values, to transmit the sensor data. The device provides the information of the sensor with a high level of importance to the user. Through the remote monitoring sensor information of the ballast water treatment system, the system is made to predict the failure of the sensor.