• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2018

We developed multimedia esophageal catheters for use with birds to measure and record ECG and angular velocity while anesthesized, at rest, and in flight. These catheters enable estimates of blood pressure based on readings given by an angular velocity sensor and by RR intervals of ECG affected by EMG. In our experiments, the catheters had the following characteristics: 1. Esophageal catheters offer a topological advantage with 8-dB SNR improvement due to elimination of electromyography (EMG). 2. We observed a very strong correlation between blood pressure and the angular velocity of esophageal catheter axial rotation. 3. The impulse conduction pathway (Purkinje fibers) of the cardiac ventricle has a direction opposite to that of the mammalian pathway. 4. Sympathetic nerves predominate in flight, and RR interval variations are strongly suppressed. The electrophysiological data obtained by this study provided especially the state of the avian autonomic nervous system activity, so we can suspect individual's health condition. If the change of the RR interval was small, we can perform an isolation or screening from the group that prevent the pandemics of avian influenza. This catheter shall be useful to analysis an avian autonomic system, to perform a screening, and to make a positive policy against the massive infected avian influenza.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2011

The infection of pandemic influenza viruses such as swine flu (H1N1) and avian flu viruses to the host cells is related to the following two factors: First, the surface protein such as HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) of the influenza virus. Second, the specific structure of the oligosaccharide [sialic acid(${\alpha}2$-6) galactose(${\beta}1$-4)glucose or sialic acid(${\alpha}2$-3)galactose(${\beta}1$-4)glucose] on the host cell. After recognizing the specific structure of the oligosaccharide on the surface of host cells by the surface protein of the influenza virus, the influenza virus can secrete sialidase and cleave the sialic acid attached on the final position of the specific structure of the oligosaccharide on the surface of host cells. Tamiflu (oseltamivir), known as a remedy of swine flu, has a saccharide analog structure, especially the sialic acid analog. Tamiflu can inhibit the invasion of influenza viruses (swine flu and avian flu viruses) into the host cells by competition with sialic acid on the terminal position of the specific oligosaccharide on the surface of the host cell. Because of the emergence of Tamiflu resistance, the development of new potent anti-influenza inhibitors is needed. The inhibitors with positive-charge groups have potential as antiviral therapeutics, and the strain specificity must also be resolved.

• Safe Food
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2013

Among the 16 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV), only the H5 and H7 subtypes have caused highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry. However, most H5 or H7 subtype viruses are categorized as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). Some AIVs, including the H5 and H7 HPAI viruses, have shown the ability to infect humans directly. In this study, we describe the biological and molecular characterization of an H5N3 AIV (SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06) isolated from spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha) in Korea. A phylogenetic analysis of the eight viral genes showed that the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate belongs to the Eurasian lineage and that the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate was clearly different from HPAI H5N1 strains, including human isolates and the Italian HPAI H5N2 strains. Additionally, no relationship was found between SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 and the Korean HPAI H5N1 isolates. The SBD/KR/ KNU SYG06/06 isolate had avian specific receptor binding site residues in the HA protein and the four C-terminal amino acids in the NS1 protein. The HA protein of the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate exhibited the typical LPAI motif at the cleavage site and this virus produced no cytopathic effects in MDCK cells without trypsin. Given these results, we suggest that the H5N3 AIV isolated from the spot-billed duck should be considered an LPAI virus and should have no pathogenic effect in humans.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2020

The epidemiological investigation of outbreak in korea confirmed that the inflow of avian influenza (AI) is related to the migration of migratory birds. In this study, avian repellents instrument were implemented and developed using the visual effects of lasers in accordance with the situation of small domestic fowl farms, and monitoring cameras were installed around each instrument to investigate the frequency of wild birds appearing and evaluate the performance of the instrument. Observation showed that the appreance ratio was reduced by 95%, and no significant reduction in the intrusion prevention effect by adaptation was observed on all fowl farms. In conclusion, it is expected that the outbreak of wild bird-borne infectious diseases such as avian influenza will be decreased if the device is installed on domestic fowl farms.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.13.1-13.6
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• 2024

Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) present significant threats to both animal and human health through their potential for cross-species transmission and global spread. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian IAVs initially emerged in East Asia between 2013 and 2014. Since then, they have spread to Europe, Africa, and America via migratory bird flyways. However, beyond viral transmission primarily facilitated by migratory birds, the potential involvement of other intermediate factors for virus transmission remains poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the role of wild rodents as intermediary hosts in the ecology of avian IAVs in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. By capturing and analyzing 189 wild rodents near poultry farms and migratory bird habitats in 2013 and 2014 and employing serological assays and virus isolation techniques, we found no evidence of IAV infection among these populations. Our results suggest that wild rodents may not significantly contribute to the transmission dynamics of IAVs within these regions.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2019

최근 산업동물에서도 동물복지의 관심이 높아짐에 따라 복지 사육방식을 채택한 농가의 수가 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구는 복지농장과 일반농장 간의 병원체 탐색 및 조류인플루엔자 방어율의 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 복지농장 사육 육계와 산란계, 일반농장 사육 육계와 산란계에서 얻어진 샘플들을 이용하여 비교한 결과, 마이코플라즈마 검출에서는 사육형태간 차이를 확인할 수 없었으며, 저병원성 인플루엔자의 배출량도 초기를 제외하고는 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. 앞으로 국내에서 사육방식의 차이에 따른 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2020

본 연구는 고병원성 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스(high pathogenic avian influenza virus; HPAIV)와 저병원성 조류인플루엔자 바이러스(low pathogenic avian virus; LPAIV)가 감염된 오리의 폐세포에서 보고된 기존 전사체 데이터를 재분석하여 조류 인플루엔자 감염에 대응하는 숙주의 공통 전사체를 발굴하고, 생물정보 분석을 실시하여 바이오 마커로서 가능성을 제시하기 위하여 수행하였다. 이전 연구에서 생산된 microarray 데이터 세트를 재분석하여, HPAIV와 LPAIV가 각각 감염된 오리의 폐세포에서 각각 총 731 및 439개의 차등발현 유전자를 발굴하였다. 이들 차등발현 유전자 중에서, 227개의 유전자가 HPAIV와 LPAIV가 감염된 세포에서 공통적으로 조절되어, 193개의 유전자는 발현이 증가한 반면, 34개의 유전자는 발현이 감소하였다. 생물정보 분석을 통하여 차등발현 유전자들의 기능에 대한 주석달기를 실시하여, 리보솜과 단백질 대사 및 유전자 발현 관련 GO가 풍부해짐을 확인하였다. REACTOME 분석을 통하여 단백질 및 RNA 대사 경로 및 콜라겐 생합성과 변형을 포함한 조직 복구 경로가 조절됨을 확인하였다. 보다 구체적으로, 번역 및 RNA 품질 관리 경로에 관여하는 단백질을 코딩하는 유전자는 HPAIV 및 LPAIV 감염에 반응하여 발현의 증가 또는 감소하는 방향으로 조절되어 AIV가 숙주 번역 기계를 억제함으로써 숙주 방어 시스템을 회피할 수 있거나 번역을 위해 세포질로 내보내기 전에 AIV가 억제될 수 있음을 시사한다. AIV 감염은 바이러스 감염으로 인한 조직의 병변 형성을 조절하는 경로를 활성화시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2009년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.145-145
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• 2009

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2008

Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HP AI) is one of the most important zoonoses in the around of world. That occurred in the domestic ducks of 34 olds day in Jeonbuk of Korea on April 2008. All of infected ducks were died. We could found several clinical signs such as facial swelling with cloudy eyes, conjunctivitis, and neurological sign. In the autopsy, moderate congestion in the kidney, multifocal hemorrhagic foci in pancreas, and mild swelling in brain were observed. Gliosis in brain and severe congestion in kidney were also shown in histopathological findings. Specific band for H5 antibody was detected in polymerase chain reaction (PCR).