• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2023

Attention is a fundamental aspect in the cognitive process of human. Cognitive system of human body requires to focus on selected information among a vast amount of information from sensory organs. It has widely studied that various environmental factors affected the level of attention; however, few researches have aimed to the effect of direct cryotherapy. In this research, level of attention was studied comparing sub-indexes of FAIR test between groups with different duration of direct cryotheapy to the back of neck. FAIR test is a evaluation tool for visual attention consisting of three sub-indexes. Selective attention, accuracy of attention, and persistence of attention can be independently analyzed by FAIR test. In the analysis of selective attention, cryotherapy for 5 to 20 minutes showed higher result than cryotherapy for 40 minutes. In the analysis of persistence of attention, cryotherapy for 5 to 15 minutes showed higher result than cryotherapy for 40 minutes. Overall, selective attention and persistence of attention turns out to be maximized between 5 to 20 minutes of cryotherapy and tends to decrease afterwards. However, accuracy of attention does not seem to be affected by the duration of cryotherapy. Correlation between selective attention and the skin temperature by cryotherapy tends to be negative supporting the findings by ANOVA and post-hoc test. Correlation between persistence of attention and the skin temperature showed similar results.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1060-1071
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of clothing cues(sleeve and skirt width, length) on female impressions. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli are 16 pictures manipulated with sleeve and skirt width · length variations by computer drawing. The experimental design consists of 3 factorial design: (1) sleeve shapes(plain, upper expanded, below expanded, all expanded) (2) skirt width (wide, narrow) (3) skirt length(long, short) The 7-point semantic differential response scale designed for visual evaluation of female' s impression formation on sleeve shape and skirt width · length is 27 bipolar adjectives. The results of this study are as follows: 1. When we analize the impressions of female figure by sleeve shape and width · length of skirt, it becomes clear that maturity, modernity, attention, elegance and tenderness are proved to be important. Among these five factors, maturity, modernity and attention are identified as more important ones. 2. Sleeve shape have an effect on all factors except maturity and the effects of sleeve on the four factors are not striking. ' Width of skirt are most influential to the maturity and attention, but it does not have any effect on modernity. However two factor, that is width of skirt and sleeve have an effects on modernity, attention and tenderness. ' The length of skirt has an effects on the tenderness, elegance and modernity, but it dose not have any effect on attention. But width and length of skirt have an effects on attention, tenderness and modernity The length of skirt and sleeve have an effect on tenderness.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to find out the mediated effects of smartphone overindulgence in the relationship between attention and spinal health of adolescents and to find out how cognitive strength moderates these relationships. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: All subjects measured attention, cognition strength, spinal angle, and smartphone overindulgence by measuring the ratio of SMR and mid-beta power to the power of the brain wave, amplitude variation of Cognitive Gamma-Peak, forward slope angle of the cervical spine, and the scale of diagnosis of smartphone addiction. Results: As a result, it shows a significant correlation between Attention, spinal angle, cognitive strength, and smartphone overindulgence(p<.05). In addition, attention was significantly mediated on the spinal angle through smartphone overindulgence(p<.001), and cognitive strength was significantly mediated in relation to smartphone overindulgence and spinal angle(p<.05). Conclusion: This result indicates that the mediation effect of overindulgence of a Smartphone is mediated according to its cognitive strength in relation to its effect of attention on the spine angle.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

The technique for Eye-tracking is to trace the movements of pupils so that the eye's exploration response to be digitized. The procedure of Observation Experiment shows a mutual environmental characteristics between men and measuring devices. In order to improve the reliability and to secure the objectivity of the data acquired from eye-tracking, it is very important to analyze the procedures for the experiment to be prepared and the test data to be saved. Based on this viewpoint, the convergent exploration activities at the observation experiment with the objects of sport images were examined to find out what influences the context effect given by experimental environments have on this experiment. In addition, the starting time of attention affecting the reliability of observation data has been estimated. When the observation time is to be subdivided by the unit of second. The attention disperses for the individual characteristics to be appreciated. However, in case of analysis by the overall average, there was the problem that the section of attention dispersed to make it difficult to analyze the subjects' observation features. The study results made it possible to understand the physiological characteristics which were near unconsciousness, when there was an intensive attention for the first 3 seconds and the observation data were shown to be in ordinary range after 4 seconds. The analysis of observation with the focus of the intensive attention enabled the analysis with the first 3 seconds excepted so that it might approach the ordinary range of observation data. The distribution of attention for the first 3 seconds showed the intensive attention, which was on the center. The emergence of intensive attention and the overlapping of the centers can be considered as a context effect due to the correction for the preparing process of experiment. Accordingly, it is thought to be helpful to the security of objectivity and the construction of reliability of eye-tracking data to analyze the observation features shown after the deletion of the data for the first 3 seconds.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Objective: The present study examined long-term effects of media use during early childhood on grit in middle childhood, focusing on the mediating role of attention problems. Methods: For statistical analysis, the 6th, 7th, and 11th data sets from the Panel Study on Korean Children were used. A total of 1,352 cases were finally selected. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, path analysis, and bootstrapping were conducted. Results: The results showed that the use of media for educational purposes in early childhood did not have a significant effect on attention problems and grit. However, when the media use time for play in early childhood was longer, levels of attention problems in early childhood were higher and levels of grit in middle childhood were lower. The mediating effect of attention problems on the relationship between media use time for play of young children and grit of middle childhood was significant. Conclusion/Implications: Findings of the present study suggest that the use of media for play during early childhood needs to be carefully monitored because it can have a negative effect on attention and grit development.

• 한국심리학회지:학교
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.207-230
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• 2019

본 연구는 범불안 성향의 대학생을 대상으로 주의편향 및 범불안 증상에 대한 주의 피드백 인식 및 조절 훈련의 효과를 확인하였다. 범불안장애 척도(GAD-7) 10점 이상 또는 펜실베니아 걱정 질문지 척도(K-PSWQ) 56점 이상이며, 주의편향을 나타내는 범불안 성향의 대학생 31명을 선발하여 주의 피드백 인식 및 조절 훈련(Attention Feedback Awareness and Control Training, A-FACT) 집단(n = 11), 주의편향수정(Attention Bias Modification, ABM) 집단(n = 10) 및 활성 위약 통제(Active Placebo Control, APC) 집단(n = 10)에 무선할당하였다. A-FACT 집단은 탐침탐사과제를 이용한 주의편향수정 훈련 시, 개인의 기저반응시간(Baseline Neutral Response time, BNR)을 기준으로 편향 여부에 대한 피드백을 실시간으로 제공받았다. ABM 집단은 기존 ABM 절차와 동일하며, APC 집단은 주의편향을 감소시키기 위한 프로그램이라는 안내는 주어지지만 피드백이 주어지지 않는 탐침탐사과제를 실시하였다. 총 8회기로 구성되어, 주 2회로 4주간 진행되었다. 주의편향수정 훈련의 효과는 주의편향점수(Attention Bias Score, ABS)와 GAD-7, K-PSWQ 및 상태 및 특성 불안 검사(K-STAI) 점수 변화로 평가하였다. 반복측정 변량분석 결과, A-FACT 집단은 ABM 집단과 APC 집단에 비해 ABS가 유의하게 감소하였으며, GAD-7, K-PSWQ 및 K-STAI 점수도 유의하게 감소하였다. 이는 주의편향수정 훈련 시 편향에 대한 피드백을 통해 편향의 여부를 인식시키고 이를 통한 주의의 자기 조절적 통제가 주의편향 및 범불안장애 증상 경감에 효과적일 가능성을 시사한다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to introduce the effect of attentional focus on performance of task. Previous studies has shown that motor learning can be enhanced by directing performers's attention to the effects of their movements(external focus), rather than to the body movement producing the effects(internal focus). Wulf and colleagues have invoked the 'constrained action hypothesis' to explain the comparative benefits of adopting an external rather than an internal focus of attention. This hypothesis proposed that when performers utilize an internal focus of attention, they may actually constrain or interfere with automatic control processes that would normally regulate the movement, whereas an external focus of attention allows the motor system to more naturally self-organize. Electromyography(EMG) was used to determine neuromuscular correlates of external versus internal focus differences. EMG activity was lower with an external relative to an internal focus. This suggest that an external focus of attention enhances movement economy, and presumably reduces 'noise' in the motor system that hampers fine movement control. Focusing on a more remote effect seems to facilitate the discriminability of the effect from the body movements that produced it and to be more beneficial than focusing on a very close effects. There might be an optimal distance of the effect, at which ti wis easily distinguishable from the body movement but at which it is also still possible for the performer to relate this effect to the movement techniques. Future Studies of motor learning of patient need to accommodate these new finding and account for the role of the learner's attentional focus and its influencing on learning.

• 인지과학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.365-391
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• 2013

순간 노출된 자극판에서 표적과 동일한 방해자극이 옆에 있을 때, 표적의 정확 보고율이 떨어지는 부적 반복효과가 보고되어 왔다. 본 연구는 부적 반복효과의 성질을 탐구하기 위해, 자극판의 제시 전에 표적이 제시될 가능성이 있는 위치를 빨간 네모(주의창)로 표시하고, 표적이 제시되지 않는 위치는 회색 네모(비주의창)로 표시하는 기법을 도입했다. 실험참가자는 주의창 위치를 주의함으로써 표적을 더 잘 식별할 수 있을 것이다. 실험 1에서는 세 위치 중 두 위치가 개별(작은) 주의창으로 표시되었고, 실험 2에서는 네 위치 중 가운데 두 위치가 합쳐진(큰) 주의창으로 표시되었으며, 실험 3에서는 네 위치 중 가운데 두 위치가 큰 주의창으로 표시되거나 그 둘 중 한 위치가 작은 주의창으로 표시되었다. 세 실험의 결과, 주의창 위치에 제시된 두 문자들을 식별하는 조건에서는 선행 연구와 같이 부적 반복효과가 관찰되었다. 비주의창 위치에 제시됨으로써 주의 받지 않은 방해자극은, 세 실험에 걸쳐서 표적의 식별에 부적 반복효과(혹은 그 경향성)를 낳거나, 또 그 반대효과인 정적 반복효과(혹은 그 경향성)를 낳았는데, 표적과 방해자극의 거리 및 주의창의 크기가 중요한 변인인 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 부적 반복효과에 대한 반복맹 설명이나 위치불확실성 가설이나 억제적 주의포착 가설로 잘 설명되지 않는다. 대신에 자극판에서 요구되는 공간 주의 변동을 고려할 필요성을 제안한다. 주의와 지각의 관계에서 본 연구 과제의 역할에 대한 논의를 하였다.

• 인지과학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 시각적 요인에 따라 한글 단어 재인에 미치는 공간주의의 영향을 살펴보았다. 시각적 요인에 따라 공간주의의 영향이 다르게 나타나는지 살펴보기 위해 단어의 시각적 복잡성(실험 1)과 단어의 밝기 대비(실험 2)를 조작하였다. 단어의 복잡성에 따라 받침이 있는 조건과 받침이 없는 조건으로 나뉘었고, 단어의 대비에 따라 대비가 높은 조건과 대비가 낮은 조건으로 나뉘었다. 어휘판단과제를 사용하여 공간단서가 표적 위치에 주어지는 경우(타당 시행)와 표적 위치에 주어지지 않는 경우(비타당 시행) 간의 수행 차이를 단서효과로 계산하여 주의의 영향을 살펴보았다. 실험 결과, 단어의 복잡성에 따라서는 단서효과가 유사하게 나타났으므로, 공간주의의 영향은 복잡성에 의해 달라지지 않는 것으로 해석되었다. 단어의 대비에 따라서는 고대비 조건에 비해 저대비 조건에서 단서효과가 크게 나타났다. 대비가 낮을 때 공간주의의 영향이 더 커지는 것은 자극의 신호를 강화시키는 공간주의의 기제로 설명되었다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2018

재무 분야에서는 주식 시장에서 투자자들의 행동형태에 대해 많은 연구가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 주식 투자자들의 주식에 대한 관심 정도가 주식의 수익률에 영향을 미치는 효과를 나타내는 관심효과(attention effect)를 실제 자료분석을 통해 검증하고자 한다. 이러한 효과를 실증적인 자료분석으로부터 검증하기는 쉽지 않았는데, 그 이유는 관심정도를 객관화하여 측정하는 것이 어려운 문제였기 때문이다. 그런데, Da 등 (2011)는 구글 검색창에서의 검색빈도로 관심정도를 측정하고, 이를 바탕으로 미국 주식시장에서의 관심효과를 검증하였다. 본 논문에서는 다음커뮤니케이션이 운영하는 주식 채틱방에서 주식종목에 대한 언급횟수에 대한 순위를 통해 관심정도를 측정하고, 언급횟수에 대한 순위가 높을수록 주식의 수익률이 높아졌다고 할 수 있는지 한국 주식시장에서의 관심효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 관심효과를 순서제약이 있는 가설로 표현하고, 이에 대한 가능도비 검정절차를 제안하였으며 실제 데이터에 적용해 보았다.