• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.129-135
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• 2018

In this study, we designed a model that can measure the level of user's concentration by measuring and analyzing EEG data of the subjects who are performing Continuous Performance Test based on visual stimulus. This study focused on alpha and beta waves, which are closely related to concentration in various brain waves. There are a lot of research and services to enhance not only concentration but also brain activity. However, there are formidable barriers to ordinary people for using routinely because of high cost and complex procedures. Therefore, this study designed the model using the portable EEG measurement device with reasonable cost and Visual Continuous Performance Test which we developed as a simplified version of the existing CPT. This study aims to measure the concentration level of the subject objectively through simple and affordable way, EEG analysis. Concentration is also closely related to various brain diseases such as dementia, depression, and ADHD. Therefore, we believe that our proposed model can be useful not only for improving concentration but also brain disease prediction and monitoring research. In addition, the combination of this model and the Brain Computer Interface technology can create greater synergy in various fields.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.487-495
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• 2005

Recently, due to the airtightness of buildings or the misuse of building materials, we have been witness SHS (Sick House Syndrome) which can have bad influences on the resident in an existing apartment house as well as newly constructed apartment house start to attract public attention. As a result of this situation, we went to restrict the TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compound) and formaldehyde. But these guidelines concentrated on only TVOC although TVOC are consist of many individual VOC. Therefore, in this study, we will look about concentration change of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) by using Mock-up test. As result of test, the concentration of four individual VOC (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Styrene) showed quitely low level after 7 days. On the other hand the concentration of Xylene and formaldehyde showed low level after 14 days.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.131-136
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• 1997

It is well known that concrete is typical porous material. We pay attention to Hansen's idea that concrete may be expected to act as semi-permeable membrane, and report the effect of concentration of solution and temperature on water flux in forward osmosis. In order to measuring volume of water flux from distilled water to solution of sodium chloride through hardened cement paste, specially designed apparatus was constructed, and the following result were obtained: (1) hardened cement paste acts as semi-permeable membrane, consequently, water flux in forward osmosis may occur. (2) Rate of water flux is proportion to concentration of dilute solution, and this suggests hardened cement paste is agreeable to the theory of membrane. (3) Effect of temperature on water flux is agreeable to Arrehenius equation and is great.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.319-322
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effect of bake out on the concentration of indoor air pollutants by measuring the concentration of indoor pollutants(VOCs, HCHO) after the bake out. As a result of the study, bake out was considerably effective in reducing the concentration o( indoor air pollutants, showing relatively high reduction ratio around 40${\sim}$56%. However, continuous attention and control after the bake out is required for the prevention of the rise of the concentration by subsequent emission.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2011

Due to less turbulence and no land limitation, offshore wind energy gets more attention than onshore. Jacket structure is regarded as a suitable solution for the water depth ranging from 30 to 80 meters. In general, joint stress concentration of jacket support structures affects their fatigue life. Nowadays, most jacket structures for offshore wind turbines have tubular X-joint between legs. In this paper, a study on X-joint stress concentration of offshore wind turbine jacket structure is performed by using 50m water depth model. Stress of X-joint on offshore environmental conditions are discussed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.80-89
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• 2016

The analysis of spatial search direction and its concentration through eye movement can produce some useful data in that it enables to know the features of space elements and their effects on one another. The results by analysing the search features and concentration of spatial sections through the eye-tracking in shops in a department store makes it possible to define the followings. First, the features of 'eye's in & out' could be estimated through the division of sections by the characteristics of those shops and the extraction of central point based on the decision of continuative observation. The decision of continuative observations enabled to analyse the frequency of observation data which can be considered to be 'things watched longtime' and the stared points that is equivalent to 'things seen very often', by which the searching characteristics of spatial sections could be estimated. Second, as with the eye's [in], the right shops had 0.6 times more (3.5%) than those left and as with the eye's [out] the left ones had 0.6 times more (3.5%). It indicates that [in, out] of the right and the left shops had the same difference, which lets us know that with starting point of the middle space, [in] and [out] were paid more attention to the right shops and the left shops respectively. Third, as with the searching directions by section, the searching times [2.9 times] from [B] to [A] were than that [2.6 times] from [A] to [B]. It was also found that the left shops had more searching direction toward [C, D] than the right ones and that those searching activities at the left shops were more active. Fourth, when the searching directions by section are reviewed, the frequency of searching from [B] to [A] was 2.9 and that of the other way 2.6. Also the left shops were found to have more searching direction toward [C, D] than the right ones and those searching activities at the left shops were estimated to be more active.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

Recently, e-learning has been attracting significant attention due to COVID-19. However, while e-learning has many advantages, it has disadvantages as well. One of the main disadvantages of e-learning is that it is difficult for teachers to continuously and systematically monitor learners. Although services such as personalized e-learning are provided to compensate for the shortcoming, systematic monitoring of learners' concentration is insufficient. This study suggests a method to evaluate the learner's concentration by applying machine learning techniques. In this study, emotion and gaze data were extracted from 184 videos of 92 participants. First, the learners' concentration was labeled by experts. Then, statistical-based status indicators were preprocessed from the data. Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and an ensemble model have been used in the experiment. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has also been used for comparison. As a result, it was possible to predict e-learners' concentration with an accuracy of 90.54%. This study is expected to improve learners' immersion by providing a customized educational curriculum according to the learner's concentration level.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.445-452
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• 2021

This paper is an experimental study using eye-tracking on the visual attention of TV entertainment programs with PPL products being shoveled by the acceptor. As a result of analysis, first, there was no difference in the exposure time of the PPL product, which is deemed to have little effect on the subject's attention. Second, there was no difference in the PPL product's prominence, and we could see that the focus was on subtitles or the faces of the cast. Third, the concentration of attention on PPL products was higher when there were more famous cast members than there were when there were low-profile cast members, and the appearance of famous cast members was judged to be very effective in order to focus more attention on PPL products. In conclusion, when exposing PPL products in entertainment programs, it is believed that the more popular the cast members appear on entertainment shows, such as famous broadcasters, celebrities, and stars, the more effective the PPL products are, rather than the exposure time and prominence of PPL products, the more effective the companies will be in advertising the popular and likable celebrities.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.5
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• pp.107-119
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• 1984

In this article we reviewed the phenomena and processes of normalizing children through documentary records with interest in the aim of Montessori's education methods. The Montessori education method is based on the theory that all children should be respected and their works prized. The normalization of children does not mean only to turn abnormal children into normal ones, but to make normal characteristics - calmness, self-confidence, happiness or patience, etc.- which are latent in themselves, appear on the surface and remold them as new children. To achieve normalization some prerequisites are necessary. They are as follows: 1) The principle of freedom. The freedom in Montessori's education has some limits in prepared environments suitable for developing children as whole persons through their spontaneous activities. 2) Development of the phenomenon of children's attention. Arousal of their attention in the children's primitive inner impulse and sense of spiritual hunger. To satisfy their hunger children divert their interest to certain objects and come to repeated exercise of intelligence. 3) Concentration and repetitive phenomena. Repetition through children's concentration phenomenon is a natural and important fundamental behavior which controls their mental power. Repetitive behavior will form serious discipline and promote development of their intelligence.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of four clothing cues(hue, tone, skirt width, and skirt length of dress) on female impressions. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. The Stimuli are 40 color pictures manipulated with four clothing cues by drawing. The 7-point scale designed for visual evaluation of female impression formation includes 29 bipolar adjectives. The subjects were 240 undergraduate female students in Jinju city. The results of this study are as follow: As analyzing the impression of the female figure by the hue, tone, skirt width, and length, five factors including ability activity, elegance, attractiveness, concentration of attention, and tenderness were identified. Among these factors, ability activity and elegance were proved to be more important. Each impression of hue and tone with skirt width length have significant effects on concentration of attention, and tenderness. We can express various impressions by diversifying hue and tone. Each impression of skirt width length with hue and tone have significant effects on ability activity and elegance.