• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1522-1539
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• 2002

In the present study, an explicit algebraic stress model is shown to be the exact tensor representation of algebraic stress model by directly solving a set of algebraic equations without resort to tensor representation theory. This repeals the constraints on the Reynolds stress, which are based on the principle of material frame indifference and positive semi-definiteness. An a priori test of the explicit algebraic stress model is carried out by using the DNS database for a fully developed channel flow at Rer = 135. It is confirmed that two-point correlation function between the velocity fluctuation and the Laplacians of the pressure-gradient i s anisotropic and asymmetric in the wall-normal direction. Thus, a novel composite algebraic Reynolds stress model is proposed and applied to the channel flow calculation, which incorporates non-local effect in the algebraic framework to predict near-wall behavior correctly.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권5B호
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• pp.797-808
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• 2000

이 논문에서는 강우 페이딩 환경하에서 Ka 밴드 위성을 사용하는 비대칭 8PSK 트랠리스 부호(Trellis-Coded Asymmetric 8PSK : TC-A8PSK)의 BER 상한을 제시한다. 대수정규분포 강우감쇠 모델을 이용하여 강우 페이딩 PDF를 새롭게 유도하고 Crane 모델의 강우강도 데이터에 근거하여 강우 페이딩 파라미터를 계산한다. 나아가 TCM 상태수와 CSI 유무에 따른 TC-A8PSK 시스템의 BER 상한을 각각 분석하고 그 성능을 비교한다. 과거 Divsalar와 Simon[9]에 의해 라이시안 페이딩 채널에서 2 상태 TCM 시스템의 BER 상한이 분석된 바 있으나 강우 페이딩 채널에서 TCM 시스템의 BER 상한을 분석한 것은 이 논문이 처음이다. 최종적으로 강우 페이딩 채널에서 TC-A8PSK 위성시스템의 BER 상한에 지배적인 영향을 미치는 요소는 사용주파수, 강우강도, 앙각, 신호전력대 잡음전력비, 비대칭 성좌각, 그리고 CSI 6가지로 요약 할 수 있다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권8호
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• pp.126-132
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• 1995

The electrical stress of short channel polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film transistor (TFT) has been investigated. The device characteristics of short channel poly-Si TFT with 5$\mu$m channel length has been observed to be significantly degraded such as a large shift in threshold voltage and asymmetric phenomena after the electrical stress. The dominant degradation mechanism in long channel poly-Si TFT's with 10$\mu$m and 20$\mu$m channel length respectively is charage trappling in gate oxide while that in short channel device with 5.mu.m channel length is defect creation in active poly-Si layer. We propose that the increased defect density within depletion region near drain junction due to high electric field which could be evidenced by kink effect, constitutes the important reason for this significant degradation in short channel poly-Si TFT. The proposed model is verified by comparing the amounts of the defect creation and the charge trapping from the strechout voltage.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2007

We are motivated by how offline and online firms compete. The Internet made many conventional offline firms build a dynamic online business as another sales channel using their advantages such as brand equity, an existing customer base with comprehensive purchasing data, integrated marketing, economies of scale, and longtime experience with the logistics of order fulfillment and customer service. Even though the hybrid selling using both offline and online channel seems to have advantages over a pure online retailer, all the conventional offline firms are not seen to create an online business. Many conventional offline firms began to launch online business since the Internet era, however, just being online business is not likely to guarantee success. According to Bizate.com's report whether the hybrid channel strategy is successful is still under investigation. For example, consider the classic case of Barnes and Noble versus Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble was already the largest chain of bookstores in the U,S., when Amazon.com was established in 1995, BarnesandNoble.com followed suit in 1997, After suffering losses in its initial years, Amazon finally turned profitable in 2003. In 2004, Amazon's net income was $588 million on revenues of $6.92 billion, while Barnes and Noble earned $143 million on revenues of $4.87 billion, which included BarnesandNoble.com's loss of $21 million on revenues of $420 million. While these examples serve to motivate our thinking, it does not explain when offline firms should venture online. It also does not provide an analytical framework that can generalized to other competitive online-offline situations. We attempt to do this in this paper and analyze a hybrid channel model where a conventional offline firm competes against online firms using its own direct online channels. We are particularly interested in an optimal channel strategy when a conventional offline firm sells its products through its own direct online channel to compete with other rival online firms. We consider two situations where its direct online channel and other online firms are symmetric and asymmetric in the brand effect. The analysis of this paper presents several findings. In the symmetric model where a hybrid firm's online channel is not differentiated from a pure online firm, (i) a conventional offline firm will not launch its online business. In the asymmetric model where a hybrid firm's online channel is differentiated from a pure online firm, (ii) a conventional offline firm can launch its online business if its brand effect is greater than a certain threshold. (iii) there is a positive relationship between its brand effect and online customer costs showing that a conventional offline firm needs more brand effect in order to launch online business as online customer costs decrease. (iv) there is a negative relationship between its brand effect and the number of customers with access to the Internet showing that a conventional offline firm tends to launch its online business when customers with access to the Internet increases.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 1984

This analysis of numerical procedure is prediction of laminar flow and heat transfer at two dimension and steady flow in asymmetric sudden expansion channel. At former study, to analyse the flows with separation, the full Navier-Stokes equation is used, but there are many difficulties to analyse, and although significant progress has been made in the development of efficient computational methods for the Navier-Stokes equations, very large computation times are still required. In case of reward-facing flow, boundary-layer equation is used instead of full Navier-Stokes equation to analyse velocity fields, and result of this numerical analysis is good agreement with the given experimental study. In this case, since the computer time required for the boundary-layer calculation is an order of magnitude less than required for the solution of the full Navier-Stokes equation, this boundary-layer model provides a good approximate solution.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.2939-2945
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 대칭 및 비대칭 산화막 구조를 가진 이중게이트(double gate; DG) MOSFET의 문턱전압 변화에 대하여 분석하였다. 상하단 동일한 산화막 두께을 갖는 대칭 DGMOSFET와 달리 비대칭 DGMOSFET는 상하단 게이트 산화막 두께를 다르게 제작할 수 있다. 그러므로 비대칭 DGMOSFET에서 상단과 하단게이트 산화막 두께의 크기 변화에 따라 대칭 DGMOSFET와 문턱전압을 비교하여 상하단 게이트 산화막 두께의 최적값에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다. 문턱전압을 구하기 위하여 포아송방정식에서 해석학적 전위분포모델을 유도하였으며 도핑분포함수는 가우스분포함수를 사용하였다. 문턱전압 모델을 이용하여 하단게이트 전압, 채널길이 및 채널두께 등에 따라 상하단게이트 산화막 두께가 문턱전압에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 결과적으로 문턱전압은 상하단 게이트 산화막 두께에 따라 크게 변화하였으며 변화하는 경향은 하단게이트 전압, 채널길이 그리고 채널두께에 따라 매우 상이하게 나타나고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 기지국 채널 자원을 MNO(Mobile Network Operator)와 MVNO(Mobile Virtual Network Operator)가 공유할 경우 사업자들에게 채널 자원을 공정하고 효율적으로 할당하기 위한 게임 이론적 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 협상(Bargaining) 게임 이론을 이용하며 MNO와 MVNO의 입력 부하를 고려하여 이들 사이의 기지국 채널 자원을 할당한다. 제안 기법은 사업자별 입력 부하가 비대칭적인 경우 입력 부하가 낮은 사업자보다 입력 부하가 높은 사업자에게 보다 많은 양의 채널을 할당하여 기지국의 채널 이용율을 증가시키며 또한 한 사업자의 과도한 입력 부하로 인해 타 사업자의 서비스 품질이 저하되는 것을 방지한다.

• 전자공학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2010

$0.18-{\mu}m$ high voltage technology 13.5V high voltage well-based symmetric EDMOS isolated by MTI was designed and fabricated. Using calibrated process and device model parameters, the characteristics of the symmetric and asymmetric EDMOS have been simulated. The asymmetric EDMOS has higher performance, better $R_{sp}$ / BVDSS figure-of-merit, short-channel immunity and smaller pitch size than the symmetric EDMOS. The asymmetric EDMOST is a good candidate for low-power and smaller source driver chips. The low voltage logic well-based EDMOS process has advantages over high voltage well-based EDMOS in process cost by eliminating the process steps of high-voltage well/drift implant, high-temperature long-time thermal steps, etc. The specific on-resistance of our well-designed logic well-based EDMOSTs is compatible with the smallest one published. TCAD simulation and measurement results show that the improved logic well-based nEDMOS has better electrical characteristics than those of the conventional one. The improved EDMOS proposed in this paper is an excellent candidate to be integrated with low voltage logic devices for high-performance low-power low-cost chips.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.755-758
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 대칭 및 비대칭 산화막 구조를 가진 이중게이트(double gate; DG) MOSFET의 문턱전압 변화에 대하여 분석하였다. 상하단 동일한 산화막 두께을 갖는 대칭 DGMOSFET와 달리 비대칭 DGMOSFET는 상하단 게이트 산화막 두께를 다르게 제작할 수 있다. 그러므로 비대칭 DGMOSFET에서 상단과 하단게이트 산화막 두께의 크기 변화에 따라 대칭 DGMOSFET와 문턱전압을 비교하여 상하단 게이트 산화막 두께의 최적값에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다. 문턱전압을 구하기 위하여 포아송방정식에서 해석학적 전위분포모델을 유도하였으며 도핑분포함수는 가우스분포함수를 사용하였다. 문턱전압 모델을 이용하여 하단게이트 전압, 채널길이 및 채널두께 등에 따라 상하단게이트 산화막 두께가 문턱전압에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 결과적으로 문턱전압은 상하단 게이트 산화막 두께에 따라 크게 변화하였으며 변화하는 경향은 하단게이트 전압, 채널길이 그리고 채널 두께에 따라 매우 상이하게 나타나고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.109-132
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• 2015

We examine offline and online channel sales of experience goods, and compare and contrast the sales patterns of existing products and new products between channels. To this end, we obtain the channel-specific time-series sales data from the leading company selling beauty products, both offline and online. By applying the Vector Autoregressive Model, we empirically find out how the relationship between existing products and new products changes between the shopping channels. Our empirical findings are as follows. First, the sales effects from existing products to new products are significantly positive at both offline and online channels, and this positive effect is greater in the offline channel than in the online channel. Second, the influence of new products on existing products is more positive in the offline channel than in the online channel. Third, the impact of existing products sales on new products sales is greater than that of new products on existing products. Lastly, the inertia effect, the effect within the same shopping channel and the same selling product, is significantly positive in the offline channel but not in the online channel, and this asymmetric inertia effect emerges as we focus on experience goods. Moreover, the impulse response function analysis provides the three important implications. First, companies should pay attention to the same channel but different types of products. Second, the offline channel is more vulnerable to market shock than the online channel. Third, new products sales vary by existing products sales to the greater extent, compared to the opposite relationship. We believe our study contributes theoretically and practically to the fields of marketing and knowledge management.