• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.196-200
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• 1998

The proximate composition of viscera of six fish species viz., Catla catla, Labeo, rohita Cirrhina mrigala, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio under the influence of artificial feed $(T_1)$, broiler manure $(T_2)$, buffalo manure $(T_3)$, N:P:K (25:25:0 $T_4$) and control pond $(T_5)$ has been studied on final harvest after the end of experimental period of one year. The overall comparison of six fish species under five different treatments showed that Cyprinus carpio remained the best for visceral total protein contents. The maximum visceral protein content was recorded in fishes under $T_2$ except Cirrhina mrigala, while the minimum under $T_5$. The comparison of five treatments showed that maximum (6.69) percentage of fat in viscera of fish was recorded under $T_2$, closely followed by $T_4$ while minimum (4.89) under the effect of $T_5$. Among the six fish species under five treatments Cyprinus carpio showed maximum accumulation/deposition of total fats in viscera.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2012

In this study, we have investigated the surface morphology of hydroxyapatite (HA) coated Ti alloy surface using pulsed laser plating. The HA (tooth ash) films were grown by pulsed KrF excimer laser, film surfaces were analyzed for topology, chemical composition, crystal structure and electrochemical behavior. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy showed ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ phase, Cp-Ti showed ${\alpha}$ phase and the HA coated surface showed HA and Ti alloy peaks. The HA coating layer was formed with $1-2{\mu}m$ droplets and grain-like particles, particles which were smaller than the HA target particle, and the composition of the HA coatings were composed of Ca and P. From the electrochemical test, the pitting potential (1580 mV) of HA coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy was higher than those of Cp-Ti (1060 mV) and HA coated Cp-Ti (1350 mV). The HA coated samples showed a lower current density than non-HA coated samples, whereas, the polarization resistance of HA coated samples showed a high value compared to non-HA coated samples.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

With desires for safe food, there is growing concern that pesticide spray drift will expose people, plants, and the environment to pesticide residue and potential negative effects thereof. For highly efficient, safe spray application, technologies for measuring the spray drift should be developed and improved with some urgency. This study investigated the applicability of two optical particle counters (OPCs), which are mostly used to measure airborne particle mass concentration, for measurement of airborne pesticide spray drift. Experiments were conducted in a controlled laboratory and an ash tree orchard to evaluate the handiness and accuracy of two OPCs, OPC 1 and OPC 2. The experimental results indicated that the OPC 1 was better applicable to the measurement of spray drift in the field while the use of the OPC 2 was limited due to its narrow range of measurable droplet sizes. The readings of the OPC 1 produced highly accurate results ($R^2=0.9637$) compared to the actual spray drift. For better application of OPCs, this study suggests the OPCs should be positioned properly to inhale spray droplets of the appropriate size and concentration.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.447-454
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• 1998

24,000에서 25,000년 전 무렵 일본 구주의 아이라화산에서 분출한 아이라Tn화산재. 즉 AT는 동북아시아 플라이스토세 말의 중요한 층준이 되는 광역화산재이다. AT는 색상과 형태에 있어서의 특징, 특히 소위 bubble-wall구조라 불리는 형태적 특징에서 쉽게 확인할 수 있으며, 한국에서는 1983년 처음 발견되었다. 전국각지의 구석기퇴적층에 대한 조사 결과 모두 7 지점에서 AT를 발견할 수 있었다. 이러한 발견과 더불어, 몇몇 저명한 플라이스토세 퇴적층의 연대와 기원은 재고되어야 한다고 보인다. 널리 알려진 구석기유적인 전곡리에서의 AT 발견은 어째서 다른 지역에서는 이미 오래 전에 사라진 유물이 이곳에서는 플라이스토세 말기까지 계속 만들어졌는가 하는 새로운 질문을 던져 주고 있다. 또한, 동해안 정동진 남쪽 일대에 발달한 해안단구의 상부퇴적층에서도 AT가 발견되었다. 이곳의 해안단구는 플라이스토세 전기 초에 해수면변화로 형성된 지형이라고 여겨지고 있기 때문에 이러한 발견은 매우 충격적이라 할 만하다. 이러한 발견례들은 한반도 제4기 층서의 이해를 위한 새로운 틀이 필요하며 나아가 제4기와 관계된 여러 분야의 연구에서 광역화산재에 대한 고려가 필요함을 보여준다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2013

동막골응회암은 대부분 화쇄류암으로 구성되지만 입도와 퇴적구조에 따라 암상을 분류하면 (1) 괴상응회각력암, (2) 용결 응회암 및 라필리응회암, (3) 유변상 응회암 및 라필리응회암이 있고 (4) 괴상 라필리응회암, (5) 성층화 라필리응회암, (6) 점이층리 라필리응회암, (7) 불량층리 라필리응회암과 (8) 괴상 세립질 응회암이 있다. 이 암상들은 상하로 3개 화성쇄설암군으로 구별하여 조합할 수 있다. 하부 화성쇄설암군(LI)은 괴상 라필리응회암, 용결 응회암 및 라필리응회암과 유변상 응회암 및 라필리응회암으로 조합되며, 화쇄류형성 분출로부터 끓어넘침 분출에 의한 화쇄류로부터 정치된 것이다. 중부 화성쇄설암군(LT+MI)은 하부에 성층화 라필리응회암, 점이층리 라필리응회암, 괴상 라필리응회암과 이들에 조합된 괴상 세립질 응회암으로 구성되고 중 상부에 괴상 라필리응회암, 용결 응회암 및 라필리응회암과 유변상 응회암 및 라필리응회암으로 조합된다. 이들은 외부물의 소량 유입으로 수증기마그마성 분출에 의한 화쇄써지로 시작하여 끓어넘침 분출의 화쇄류로 전환된 것이다. 상부 화성쇄설암군(lUT+uUT+UI)은 최하부에 성층화 라필리응회암, 점이층리 라필리응회암으로 조합되고, 하부에 괴상 응회각력암, 불량층리 라필리응회암, 괴상 라필리응회암과 괴상 세립질 응회암으로 조합되며 중 상부에 괴상 라필리응회암, 용결 응회암 및 라필리응회암으로 조합되며, 이들은 수증기플리니언 분출에 의한 써지로 시작해서 플리니언 분출에 의한 강하를 거쳐 끓어넘침 분출로 전환되어 화쇄류로부터 퇴적된 것이다. 결론적으로 동막골응회암에서 분출과정은 대체로 전 중 후기 화산작용이 단계별로 수증기플리니언 혹은 플리니언 분출로 시작하여 화쇄류형성 분출로 전환되고 끓어넘침 분출로 진행되는 순서를 밟았다. 그러나 전기 화산작용은 아마도 초엽의 수증기플리니언 혹은 플리니언 분출 없이 진행되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2013

In recent years, NF (nanofiltration) membrane has been receiving great attention for hardness removal and has begun to replace traditional lime soda ash softening process, particularly in Florida, USA, mainly due to less sludge production and easy operation. This study aimed to provide detailed surface characteristics of various commercial NF membranes by performing sophisticated surface analysis, which would help more fundamentally understand the performance of NF membranes. More specifically, a total of 7 NF membranes from top NF/RO manufacturers in the world were examined for basic performance tests, surface analysis, and fouling potential assessment. The results demonstrated that NF membranes are classified into two groups in terms of surface zeta potential; they are highly negatively charged ones, and neutral and/or less negatively charged ones. Their hydrophobicities, measured by contact angle, varied from hydrophilic to slightly hydrophobic ones. The AFM measurements showed various surface roughness, ranging from 23 nm (smooth) to 162 nm (rough) of average peak height. Lab-scale fouling experiments were performed using feedwater obtained from conventional water treatment plants in the province of Korea, and their results attempted to correlate to surface characteristics of NF membranes. However, unlike typical RO membranes, no clear correlation was found in this study, indicating that fouling mechanisms of NF membrane may be different from those of typical RO membranes, and both cake deposition and pore blocking mechanisms should be considered simultaneously.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2012

$La_{1-x}Sr_xMnO_3$(LSM,$0{\leq}x{\leq}0.5$) powders as the air electrode for solid oxide fuel cell were synthesized by a glycine-nitrate combustion process. The powders were then examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The as-formed powders were composed of very fine ash particles linked together in chains. X-ray maps of the LSM powders milled for 1.5 h showed that the metallic elements are homogeneously distributed inside each grain and in the different grains. The powder XRD patterns of the LSM with x < 0.3 showed a rhombohedral phase; the phase changes to the cubic phase at higher compositions($x{\geq}0.3$) calcined in air at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. Also, the SEM micrographs showed that the average grain size decreases as Sr content increases. Composite air electrodes made of 50/50 vol% of the resulting LSM powders and yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ) powders were prepared by colloidal deposition technique. The electrodes were studied by ac impedance spectroscopy in order to improve the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC). Reproducible impedance spectra were confirmed using the improved cell, which consisted of LSM-YSZ/YSZ. The composite electrode of LSM and YSZ was found to yield a lower cathodic resistivity than that of the non-composite one. Also, the addition of YSZ to the $La_{1-x}Sr_xMnO_3$ ($0.1{\leq}x{\leq}0.2$) electrode led to a pronounced, large decrease in the cathodic resistivity of the LSM-YSZ composite electrodes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

It is controversial whether low calcium intake, commonly associated with osteoporosis, results in calcium accumulation in soft tissues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of low calcium (Ca) and oxalate (ox) intake on soft-tissue Ca deposits and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Eight week old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and divided into four groups. The rats were fed experimental diets containing low (0.1%, w/w) or normal (0.5%, w/w) Ca with or without sodium oxalate (1%, w/w); Sham/NCa, Ovx/NCa, Ovx/LCa, Ovx/NCa-ox, Ovx/LCa-ox for 6 weeks. All ovx rats showed a remarkable increase in body and tissue weight, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and decreases in weight, ash, and Ca contents, as well as bone breaking force compared to those in sham rats. Serum Ca concentration was not significantly affected by dietary Ca levels or ox intake. Kidney Ca, ox acid content, and microscopic Ca deposition increased remarkably in the Ovx/LCa-ox group compared to those in the other groups. Ca content in the spleen and aorta also increased significantly, but the weight contents, Ca, bone breaking force, and Ca and oxalic acid in feces decreased significantly in the Ovx/LCa-ox group. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were not significantly different among the groups. These results indicate that low Ca intake decreased bone mineral content and increased Ca deposits in soft tissues, which was aggravated by ox intake in ovx rats. Thus, high ox intake may result in a kidney disorder in patients with osteoporosis who eat a low Ca diet.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.218-231
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• 2019

Background: We recently reported that Salvia plebeia R. Br. extracts suppress leukotriene production and effectively inhibit the airway inflammatory response by modulating inflammatory chemokine and cytokine expression. Here, we investigated the synergistic airway anti-inflammation effect of Salvia plebeia and Panax ginseng (Korean red ginseng, KRG) that has been used to treat various immune diseases such as asthma. Methods and Results: To evaluate the synergistic airway anti-inflammatory effect of Salvia plebeia and KRG, we measured the inhibitory effect of monotheraphy with either or co-theraphy with both on leukotriene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using coal a combustion, fly ash, and diesel exhaust particle (CFD)-induced respiratory disease mouse model, we found that co-theraphy synergistically suppressed airway inflammatory signs such as alveolar wall thickness and collagen fibers deposition, and decreased the number of total cell, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ cells, and inflammatory cytokines (IL17A, TNF, MIP-2 and CXCL-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Conclusions: We confirmed respiratory protection as a therapeutic effect of the Salbia plebeia-KRG 3 : 1 complex (KGC-03-PS) via anti-tracheal muscle contraction and expectorant animal studies using a CFD-induced respiratory disease mouse model.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.817-823
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• 2000

Four groups of six growing gilts each were fed ad libitum diets composed of cereals and soyabean (SBM) or rapeseed (RSM) meal and containing two levels of crude protein: high - 18.0% (RSM-H) and 16.9% (SBM-H) or low - 15.6% (RSM-L) and 15.1% (SBM-L). The diets were balanced by supplementation with crystalline amino acids and contained apparent ileal digestible lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in proportions (1.00:0.32:0.57:0.18) according to CVB (1995). Voluntary feed intake, weight gain and slaughter and chemical body composition of animals were assessed. Protein and energy balances from 25 to 70 kg body weight were calculated by the comparative slaughter method. Protein source had a significant effect on voluntary feed intake; it was 0.12 kg/d lower in pigs fed the SBM than RSM-diets. Pigs fed on the SBM-L diet consumed the least amount of feed (2.17 kg). Daily gain (average, $900{\pm}12.59g$) and feed conversion ratio ($2.54{\pm}0.04kg/kg$) were not statistically affected by source (SMB and RSM) and protein level (high and low). In empty body similar amounts (g/kg) of protein (163 g), water (635 g) and ash (28 g) were found. However, pigs fed the RSM-L diet were fatter than those fed the SBM-L diet (188 vs. 161 g/kg). No statistical differences were observed in daily protein deposition, which on average amounted to $142{\pm}11g$, or carcass characteristics. An improvement of crude protein utilization by 6.3 percentage units was found by decreasing the protein concentration in the diets. Heat production in the body was not significantly affected by the treatments.