• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2015

Computed tomography(CT) using radiation have potential risks. All medical radiographic examinations should require the justification of medical imaging examinations and optimization of the image quality and radiation exposure. The CT examination was higher radiation dose then general radiography. Especially pediatric CT examinations need to great caution of radiation risk. Because of pediatric patient was more sensitive of radiation exposure. Therefore, physician should consider the knowledge of CT radiation exposure indicator information for reduce a needless radiation exposure. This article was aim to understanding of CT exposure indicator, size-specific dose estimates by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) report 204, XR 25 and understanding of CT dose reduction technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1091-1097
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• 2013

In this article, an advanced cooling surface based on micro-post arrays with non-homogeneous configurations is investigated and compared with conventional micro-post arrays with homogeneous configuration. The capillary performance of micro-post arrays are characterized using the capillary rate of rise experiments and numerical simulations which take into account the meniscus curvature. The experimental and numerical results show that that the capillary performance of the micro-post wick can be significantly enhanced, compared with the homogeneous type wick, by employing non-homogeneous configurations. The capillary performance is shown to be primarily a function of the solid fraction and increases linearly with decreasing solid fraction, regardless of the wick configuration, when the solid fraction is larger than 0.25. However, the capillary performance is found to be significantly reduced when the solid fraction falls below approximately 0.25.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate 1 year cumulative survival rate of implants placed on augmented sinus using Osteon$^{(R)}$, bone graft material and to assess height of the grafted material radiographically. Material and Methods: 10 maxillary sinuses were augmented in 10 patients and 25 implant fixtures were installed simultaneously or after 6 months healing period. The height of the sinus graft material was measured using panoramic images immediately after augmentation and up to 19 months subsequently. Changes in the height of the sinus graft material were calculated with respect to implant length and original sinus wall height. Results: The cumulative survival rate was 100% in all 25 implants. Additionally, normal healing process without any complication was observed in all patients. The mean crown/Implant ratio was 1.25. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.95mm and the mean resorption rate of Osteon$^{(R)}$ was 0.05mm/month. The fastest resorption site of Osteon$^{(R)}$ is the first molar area. The grafted material was well maintained in sinus and decreased slightly over 1 year. Conclusion: In conclusion, It can be suggested that Osteon$^{(R)}$ may have predictable result when it was used as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2014

The major purposes of this study were to analyze main features of US Green Building Council's LEED for Homes rating system and examine residents' satisfaction on their LEED-certified homes and neighborhoods. The first part of this article shows the structure and features of the LEED for Homes rating system and the process to obtain credits of this rating system. The investigation to assess residents' satisfaction targeted LEED certified home residents in Midwest in the United State. The satisfaction was assessed in relation to socio-demographic and housing characteristics. To collect data, a quantitative survey was administered to the residents of LEED-certified homes in Midwest in the US. A total of 605 surveys was sent out and 235 were collected, yielding a 38.8% response rate. Findings revealed that LEED-certified home residents were highly satisfied with their homes and neighborhood although neighborhood satisfaction was lower than housing satisfaction. Residents' income and education were the significant socio-demographic factors that show significant relationships with housing satisfaction. Residents' home ownership, length of residence, housing types were significant housing characteristics on their satisfaction while the levels of LEED certifications (i.e., certified, silver, gold, and platinum) were not significantly related to housing satisfaction. The findings of this study suggest the importance of developing effective strategies for those who are less educated, lower income classes, renters, or multi-attached housing residents for more successful development of LEED-certified homes in the future.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2016

A moment magnitude 3.1 earthquake occurred in the Seoul metropolitan region (SMR), Korea, on 9 February 2010. The unexpected shaking attracted much attention and raised concerns about the seismic hazards and risks in the SMR, which was regarded as an area safe from any earthquake hazard. The SMR has a population of 25 million and is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. A shakemap for a scenario earthquake with magnitude 6.5 and focal depth 12 km implies that the SMR will be exposed to serious risk because of its large population and the high vulnerability of its buildings. Although the instrumentally recorded earthquakes discussed in this article cannot be classified as major events, they should not be discounted as insignificant. Considering the low seismicity, micro-earthquakes below the magnitude of a conventional seismic network can achieve would be used to estimate background information in the evaluation of earthquake hazards and risks.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.14
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• pp.289-323
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• 2006

The first organization of the 'national Archives of France' was defined by a law voted during the Revolution, the law of June 25, 1794 which is remained into force during nearly two century-until with the law of January 3, 1979. This law is regarded as the text founder of the national Archives of France, mainly thanks to its article 48 which posed the principle of the free communicability of the whole of the documents of national Archives of France. But it had initially as an aim to organize and frame sortings of the documents gathered in great number since the beginning of the French revolution. Its principal provision does not leave astonish us: it envisaged a separation between the documents to be eliminated, the useful documents has the administration, only intended to be preserved in national Archives of France?, and the documents interesting for the history, which were intended for the national Library.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

This article examines the types of tteok (Korean rice cake) recorded in 21 old literatures of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1909) according to its main ingredients. Tteok varieties of the Joseon dynasty were categorized into jjin-tteok, chin-tteok, jijin-tteok, salmeun-tteok and guun-tteok and their changes in cooking method were discussed from the early to late eras of the Joseon dynasty. These can be summarized as follows. In the early, middle and late eras of the Joseon dynasty, there were 1, 15 and 84 kinds of tteok using non-glutinous rice as the main ingredient, and 6, 24 and 120 kinds using glutinous rice, respectively. Tteok using wheat flour was not found in the early Joseon dynasty, whereas 6 and 32 kinds were found in the middle and late eras, respectively. There were 1, 4 and 5 kinds of tteoks using buckwheat, and 5, 11 and 19 kinds using other ingredients such as yam, barley, elephant's ear, oat, and arrowroot flour, in the early, middle and late eras, respectively. The frequency of the main ingredient increased in the order of glutinous rice>non-glutinous rice>wheat flour>other ingredient>buckwheat flour during the Joseon dynasty and the ratio of tteoks using non-glutinous and glutinous rice flours was 1:1.5. The number and types of tteok were noted to increase abruptly throughout the Joseon dynasty. This may be associated with the commercial industrial development that prevailed in the late Joseon dynasty. Further study will be conducted on their recipes and ingredients recorded in these old literatures to develop a standardized recipe for the globalization of tteok.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.210-215
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• 2003

When Kimchi is cooked, it is very import to find an appropriate level for the salt content of the cabbage to makes the best tasting Kimchi. Therefore, in this article, attempts were made to find the best salted cabbage condition using difference salt solution concentration, temperatures and fermentation periods. In the experiments with the difference of the salt solutions, 10 and 15%, the salted cabbages were packed in polyethylene bags, and incubated at 10, 15, 20 and 25$^{\circ}C$ for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 hrs. As a result, the best tasting Kimchi, in terms of texture characteristic, were found with storage times of 10 and 6-8 hrs, with salt solution concentrations of 10 and 15%, respectively, both of these at 25$^{\circ}C$. The best conditions, in terms of the kimchi taste characteristics, where 6-10 hrs, with the salt solution concentrations of 10 & 15%. With storage conditions of 10 hrs and a salt solution concentraction of 10%, and 6-8 hrs and a salt solution concentration of 15%, both at 25$^{\circ}C$, the texture characteristics were fresh. clear and coot. Also, the points of the appropriate salt content differ with temperature. Therefore, the appropriate conditions for the salting time, storage temperature and salt solution concentrations will make the best tasting, most nutritious Kimchi, in the least time and most economically.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.66-77
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aimed to make preliminary data through the bibliometric analysis of journals registered by national research foundations of Korea for the improvement of traditional Korean medical (TKM) journals. Methods: We collected 4,396 articles from the OASIS database, which is composed of articles published by TKM societies and institutes. First, we analyzed the 'authors by year', 'average authors per article', 'articles by institute' and 'authors by institute' to get the author-related conditions. Second, we analyzed the 'reference type', 'cited times', 'IF with self citation' and 'IF without self citation' to get the citation condition. Results: First, we found that the journal order of total authors was KAOOMP (2362), KOMS (1189), and KAMS (967), and of average authors per article was KAMS (5.29), KOIMS (5.25), and KOMS (4.75). Second, we learned that the journal order of occupied article ratio by high rank institutes was SCMS (92.4%), MAS (90.03%), and KOPS (87.22%) and of occupied author ratio by high rank institutes was KOPMS (96.55%), MAS (95.19%), and SCMS (93.85%). Third, we analyzed the most highly cited reference type by journals and we found that OMCS was books, SCMS was oriental medical journals and the other 10 journals were not oriental medical journals. Finally, we observed that the journal order of self citation ratio was SCMS (16.79%), KMAS (11.77%), and OOGS (11.67%) and also that the IF order was KAMS (0.675), OOGS (0.546), and KAOH (0.430). Conclusions: Through this study we found that TKM research leans too much toward on oriental medical universities, so we insist that TKM R&D institutes must be expanded. We also found that the self citation ratio was high in TKM journals, so the ratio must be decreased to improve the quality of the TKM journals.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.85-105
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• 1998

This article examined the trend of 125 empirical researches which were published in Jr. of Korean Social Welfare from the first issue to no. 33. in terms of theoretical and methodological orientations. The content analysis was employed for the purpose of the study. Since 1979, the number of empirical researches was in the trend of increasing. The findings from this research were as follows. 1) Among 166 authors, 96.4% were majored in social welfare. Also 6.0% were practitioners and the rest of them were in the position of professors or researchers. The outcome of lack of interdisciplinary co-work and researcher-practitioner co-work led the article to conclude that the nature of applied social science of social welfare was not so actively pursued in Korea. 2) It was almost impossible to find researches which studied same theme or employed same analytical framework. This meant that the work of re-verifying and proving the contray could not be done although it was essential for theory-building. In other words, the disciplinary of social welfare was far behind in the process of theory-building. 3) The methodology upon which most of researches were relied was quantitative methodology(92.8%). The article concluded 'paradigm shift' was not begun in the disciplinary of social welfare yet. 4) The study concluded that the particularity of empirical researches of social welfare in Korea was descriptive-configurative study. Whereas 65.5% of 125 empirical studies were descriptive-configurative, 25% were hypothesis - model test and only 6% causal analysis. 5) The most applied statistic models through the period from 1979 to 1997 were descriptive statistics such as frequency, chi square test, Pearson's r. More advanced statistics such as logit regression, probit regression, path analysis, covariance structure analysis were shown since 1990.