• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2023

Lightweight face recognition models, as one of the most popular and long-standing topics in the field of computer vision, has achieved vigorous development and has been widely used in many real-world applications due to fewer number of parameters, lower floating-point operations, and smaller model size. However, few surveys reviewed lightweight models and reimplemented these lightweight models by using the same calculating resource and training dataset. In this survey article, we present a comprehensive review about the recent research advances on the end-to-end efficient lightweight face recognition models and reimplement several of the most popular models. To start with, we introduce the overview of face recognition with lightweight models. Then, based on the construction of models, we categorize the lightweight models into: (1) artificially designing lightweight FR models, (2) pruned models to face recognition, (3) efficient automatic neural network architecture design based on neural architecture searching, (4) Knowledge distillation and (5) low-rank decomposition. As an example, we also introduce the SqueezeFaceNet and EfficientFaceNet by pruning SqueezeNet and EfficientNet. Additionally, we reimplement and present a detailed performance comparison of different lightweight models on the nine different test benchmarks. At last, the challenges and future works are provided. There are three main contributions in our survey: firstly, the categorized lightweight models can be conveniently identified so that we can explore new lightweight models for face recognition; secondly, the comprehensive performance comparisons are carried out so that ones can choose models when a state-of-the-art end-to-end face recognition system is deployed on mobile devices; thirdly, the challenges and future trends are stated to inspire our future works.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.109-152
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• 2014

This paper deals with the artistic expression of religious thought in terms of the uniqueness of different images and creativity. The relationship between religion and art is complicated but popular in modern society. Film becomes the icon of modern culture to enhance the knowledge of religious traditions. Among many Korean religious films, Kang Daejin's work, The Way of Peace (1984) contains the life and thought of Kang Jeungsan(1871-1909), the highest god of Daesoonjinrihoe. First, the film, The Way of Peace, pays attention to the legitimacy of succession from Kang Jeungsan to Cho Jeongsan(1895-1958). Korea was beset with trouble both at home and abroad. China, Japan, Russia, and the US had the colonial desire to conquer the lands of Korea and to explore natural resources. Though the people of Eastern Learning(東學) protested government and Japanese colonialists, Jeungsan applied the principle of non-violence to the world. In order to save all the living beings of the world, he reordered the universe and renewed the harmonic relationship of human beings and their spirit. Second, The Way of Peace proposed the soteriology of peace and change to audience regardless of seekers(道人) or not. Jeungsan transformed the closed society to the open society, changed divided religions to the transcendent truth(道). He empowered the marginalized people such as women, the lowly, the elderly, and the sick, who were oppressed in the Confucian society. And he redeemed the people from the disease by healing all diseases and correcting disorders. In conclusion, The Way of Peace is a good resource of religious education by which we can overcome the religious illiteracy. The knowledge of new religious movements and Daesoonjinrihoe is necessary for us to understand the diversity of human nature. In the near future, the new images of Jeungsan should be created through multi-media and cultural contents for the new generation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.495-499
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• 2024

This article summarizes the importance, definition, key strategies and future directions of sustainable packaging design.In modern society, sustainable packaging design is not only concerned with environmental protection and resource conservation, but also involves economic, social and cultural sustainable development.This paper explores strategies to reduce environmental burden and promote ecological balance by using environmentally friendly materials, optimizing packaging design, improving packaging recyclability and reuse. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of design innovation, such as adopting a simplified design concept and modular system, as well as increasing the versatility of packaging.It also explores the application of life cycle assessment in packaging design to ensure that every step from design to disposal minimizes environmental impact. Finally, despite the environmental and social benefits that sustainable packaging design brings, it still faces technical, economic and regulatory challenges in practice.Future design will require interdisciplinary collaboration, integration of advanced technologies, consumer education and engagement, and enhanced policy and standard-setting to promote widespread adoption and practice of sustainable packaging.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.22
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• pp.253-285
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• 2011

The number of "Performing Arts Festivals" is growing increasingly in South Korea. This trend is mainly held in large cities which are difficult to communicate closely among residents. South Korea, while the pace of city life and speed of development are very fast, increasing number of "Performing Arts Festivals" with communal characteristics is in the natural process of festival evolution in large cities. In the evolution of the contemporary festival, it is natural to see some increase of modern festival after the development of traditional and folk festivals. It is important that the "Performing Arts Festivals" express the two elements, artistic character and festivity, not only in distinctively but also in harmony. The "Performing Arts Festivals" should consider the process of the organization, human resources, networking systems of the human communication process, resource use, etc. For the success of the festival, we must obtain the complementary effects between two attributes:festival characteristics and artistic senses. Therefore, we chose the 'Festival d'Avignon' as the reference of the total representation of artistic characteristics and festivity. From the case of the Festival d'Avignon, we get the implications of the development of performing arts festival in South Korea. To explain the festival value and artistic significance of the Festival d'Avignon, we explained the spontaneity and openness to public participation, the relationship between spectators and works, the representation of memory and communicative image, etc. To explain the artistic attributes of the 'Festival d'Avignon', we explained the mission to reconcile the artistic and the popular, to promote the artistic know-how, understanding how to communicate with the public, to consider more artistic quality than commercial benefits. Essentially, this study shows the meaning and the vision to forecast the future as well as the recent proliferation in various fields of Performing Arts Festivals. This study may help to improve analytical precision of Performing Arts Festivals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.467-479
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• 2014

Topophilia refers to emotional bonding such as attachment to or nostalgia for one's home town, which is remembered or imagined as a beautiful and happy paradise experienced in youth. The time spent in one's home town may have been short, but the associated memories of it are strong and enduring. These can later act as a strong motivator to learn if the correlated emotions are positive. According to archival research conducted on Jooyoung Chung's life, his home town and the things found therein, such as cows, were the principal objects of his topophilia, and later became the driving forces behind his success story. The same applies to Dvorak. Dvorak sublimated his nostalgia for his home town by composing a piece of music on hearing the sound of a train. We can discover diverse rhythms in nature such as sunrises and sunsets, the changing seasons, and even our heart beat. If a melody is added to the rhythm, it transforms into art. And if we seek harmony and principles, it becomes science. In this study, Jeonbuk's nature, places, food, and arts, as represented in its educational resources, are analysed for their ability to give rise to topophilia. To gain some experience of this feeling we recommend that you visit the Jeonju Hanok Village, the value of Gochujang, reverse icespike on Mai Mountain or enjoy the works of the painter Book Choi.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.659-667
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of crude protein (CP) and protease on nitrogen (N) utilization, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in growing pigs. A total of six crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) barrows were individually accepted in 1.2 m × 0.7 m × 0.96 m stainless steel metabolism cages. The pigs (average initial body weight of 27.91 ± 1.84 kg) randomly assigned to six diets with six weeks (6 × 6 Latin square design). The experiment was carried out in an environment with a temperature of 23 ± 1.5℃, a relative humidity of 83 ± 2.3% and a wind speed of 0.25 ± 0.03 m/s. The dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design with two levels of CP (15.3% or 17.1%) and three levels of protease (0 ppm, 150 ppm, or 300 ppm). The average daily gain and gain to feed ratio (G:F) tended to increase (p = 0.074) with increasing amounts of protease. The low CP level diet reduced (p < 0.050) urinary and fecal N concentrations, the total N excretion in feces, and increased (p < 0.050) N retention. Different protease levels in the diet did not affect (p > 0.05) at N intake, but supplementation of the diets with 300 ppm protease decreased (p < 0.050) the N concentration in urine and feces and tended to increase (p = 0.061) the percentage of N retention retained of the total N intake. The dietary CP level did not affect (p > 0.050) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, digestible energy (DE), and metabolic energy (ME), but diet supplementation with 300 ppm protease showed higher (p < 0.050) ATTD of DE and ME than in the protease-free diet. Therefore, a low protein diet with protease could improve the utilization of nitrogen, thereby reducing the negative effect of N excretion into the environment while maintaining or increasing growth performance compared to a high protein diet.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1175-1183
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• 2013

Even if some CFD software developers and its users think that a state-of-the-art CFD software can be used to reasonably solve at least single-phase nuclear reactor safety problems, there remain limitations and uncertainties in the calculation result. From a regulatory perspective, the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) is presently conducting the performance assessment of commercial CFD software for nuclear reactor safety problems. In this study, to examine the prediction performance of commercial CFD software with the porous model in the analysis of the scale-down APR (Advanced Power Reactor Plus) internal flow, a simulation was conducted with the on-board numerical models in ANSYS CFX R.14 and FLUENT R.14. It was concluded that depending on the CFD software, the internal flow distribution of the scale-down APR was locally somewhat different. Although there was a limitation in estimating the prediction performance of the commercial CFD software owing to the limited amount of measured data, CFX R.14 showed more reasonable prediction results in comparison with FLUENT R.14. Meanwhile, owing to the difference in discretization methodology, FLUENT R.14 required more computational memory than CFX R.14 for the same grid system. Therefore, the CFD software suitable to the available computational resource should be selected for massively parallel computations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of replacing soybean meal with perilla seed meal (PSM) on growth performance, proximate composition of meat, meat quality, and fatty acids composition of meat in broilers. A total of 60 one-day-old chicks of ROSS 308 (initial body weight of 44.8 ± 0.4 g) were randomly allotted to four treatment groups (15 replicate cages with 1 broilers per cage) in a period of 5 weeks. Dietary treatments included control (CON) basal diet (corn-soybean meal-based diets) and test diets in which PSM was included at 0.5% (T1), 1% (T2), or 2% (T3) to gradually replace soybean meal. At the end of experiment, all broilers were slaughtered for collecting breast and thigh meat. At 5 weeks, T2 and T3 treatment groups had higher (p < 0.05) body weights than CON and T1 treatment groups. Weight gain was increased (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3 treatment groups. Feed intake was decreased (p < 0.05) in T3 treatment group. Broilers in T2 treatment group had lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than those in other treatment groups. In proximate composition of breast meat, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in moisture and ash. Fat composition of breast meat was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in T2 and T3 treatment groups. Regarding meat quality, broilers fed T3 diet had higher (p < 0.05) water holding capacity than those fed other diets. Regarding fatty acids composition of thigh meat, broilers fed T3 diet had higher (p < 0.05) linolenic acid than those fed other diets. In conclusion, soybean meal replaced by 2% perilla seed meal in broiler diet can improve growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acids composition of thigh meat in broilers. Perilla seed meal can be a lot of potential alternatives feedstuff for soybean meal in this study.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.345-349
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• 2009

Social bookmarking systems are a typical web 2.0 service based on folksonomy, providing the platform for storing and sharing bookmarking information. Spammers in social bookmarking systems denote the users who abuse the system for their own interests in an improper way. They can make the entire resources in social bookmarking systems useless by posting lots of wrong information. Hence, it is important to detect spammers as early as possible and protect social bookmarking systems from their attack. In this paper, we applied a diverse set of machine learning approaches, i.e., decision tables, decision trees (ID3), $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ Bayes classifiers, TAN (tree-augment $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ Bayes) classifiers, and artificial neural networks to this task. In our experiments, $na{\ddot{i}}ve$ Bayes classifiers performed significantly better than other methods with respect to the AUC (area under the ROC curve) score as veil as the model building time. Plausible explanations for this result are as follows. First, $na{\ddot{i}}ve$> Bayes classifiers art known to usually perform better than decision trees in terms of the AUC score. Second, the spammer detection problem in our experiments is likely to be linearly separable.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.27-51
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• 2019

This case study aimed to investigate changes in self-expression following participation in a rap making program with adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. The rap making program was constructed based on the contextual support music therapy model. Three adolescent survivors of childhood cancer participated in six 80-minute individual sessions. During the sessions, each participant engaged in the following tasks: song discussion, lyric creation, and rapping over a selected beat. At pre and posttest, the Self-Expression Scale was completed by participants. Their verbal expressions lyrics were observed during the sessions, and individual interviews with the participants were conducted at the completion of the program. The results demonstrated that the mean rating of the Self-Expression Scale increased after the rap making intervention. Analysis of the participants' verbal expressions and lyrics demonstrated that participants were experiencing difficulties adjusting to school that they wanted to resolve. Furthermore, the analysis of the interviews at posttest found that participants experienced positive changes in self-perception, self-expression, and expectations for their future, compared to the pretest when the participants expressed negative self-perceptions due to difficulties in interpersonal relationships at school and physical limitations. This indicates that rap making can be an effective resource for providing this population with the means to recognize positive attributes about themselves and improve self-expression.