• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.252-253
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• 2011

ZnO-based thin film transistors (TFTs) are of great interest for application in next generation flat panel displays. Most research has been based on amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) TFTs, rather than single binary oxides, such as ZnO, due to the reproducibility, uniformity, and surface smoothness of the IGZO active channel layer. However, recently, intrinsic ZnO-TFTs have been investigated, and TFT- arrayss have been demonstrated as prototypes of flat-panel displays and electronic circuits. However, ZnO thin films have some significant problems for application as an active channel layer of TFTs; it was easy to change the electrical properties of the i-ZnO thin films under external conditions. The variable electrical properties lead to unstable TFTs device characteristics under bias stress and/or temperature. In order to obtain higher performance and more stable ZnO-based TFTs, HZO thin film was used as an active channel layer. It was expected that HZO-TFTs would have more stable electrical characteristics under gate bias stress conditions because the binding energy of Hf-O is greater than that of Zn-O. For deposition of HZO thin films, Hf would be substituted with Zn, and then Hf could be suppressed to generate oxygen vacancies. In this study, the fabrication of the oxide-based TFTs with HZO active channel layer was reported with excellent stability. Application of HZO thin films as an active channel layer improved the TFT device performance and bias stability, as compared to i-ZnO TFTs. The excellent negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) stability of the device was analyzed using the HZO and i-ZnO TFTs transfer curves acquired at a high temperature (473 K).

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 분산응용의 관점에서 네트워크 상에 응용을 구성하는 분산된 객체들을 효율적으로 관리하는 분산객체그룹 프레임워크를 기반으로 사용자 맞춤형 분산응용 서비스를 제공하는 프로액티브응용서비스엔진을 제안한다. 본 엔진은 물리계층, 미들웨어 계층, 응용 계층으로 구성되며, 사용자의 요청에 의해 하드웨어 기기로부터 수집된 데이터 및 응용을 구성하는 객체의 속성정보를 그룹으로 관리하는 그룹서비스와 수집된 데이터 및 객체에 대한 사용자의 권한별 접근을 관리하는 보안서비스, 수집된 데이터를 추출 및 가공하여 응용에 제공하는 필터링서비스, 과거의 데이터를 이용한 통계서비스, 수집된 데이터를 토대로 현재의 운영 상태를 진단하는 진단서비스, 통계서비스와 진단서비스를 통해 미래의 발생 가능한 상황을 예측하기 위한 예측서비스를 제공한다. 최종적으로 엔진이 제공하는 서비스의 수행성을 검증하기 위하여 유비쿼터스 농업 분야의 온실 자동제어 응용에 적용하여 결과를 확인했다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제15A권4호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2008

무선 인터넷 프록시 서버 클러스터링에서 저장공간을 최소화하기 위해서는 URL 해싱기법을 가진 Layer 7 부하분산기가 필요하다. 서버 클러스터 앞단에 위치한 Layer 4 부하분산기는 TCP 또는 UDP와 같은 트랜스포트 계층에서 컨텐츠 내용을 확인하지 않고 사용자 요청들을 똑같은 컨텐츠를 가진 서버들에게 분배한다. 서버 클러스터 앞단에 위치한 Layer 7 부하분산기는 응용계층에서 사용자 요청을 분석하여 요청 컨텐츠 유형에 따라 해당되는 서버들에게 분배한다. Layer 7 부하분산기를 이용하면 서버들이 배타적으로 각기 다른 컨텐츠를 가지게 할 수 있어서 서버들 저장공간을 최소화할 수 있으며 전체 클러스터 성능을 향상할 수 있다. 그러나 Layer 7 부하분산기는 응용계층에서 사용자 요청을 분석하는데 요구되는 큰 처리 부담으로 인해 Layer 4 부하분산기와 다르게 확장성이 제한된다. 본 논문에서는 그 확장성 제한을 극복하기 위해서 분산형 Layer 7 부하분산기를 제안한다. 종래의 방법에서는 한 대의 Layer 7 부하분산기 를 사용하는데 본 논문에서 제안한 방법에서는 서버 클러스터 앞에 한 대의 Layer 4 부하분산기를 설치하고 서버들에게 Layer 7 부하분산기들을 각각 설치한다. 클러스터 기반의 무선 인터넷 프록시 서버에서 종래의 방법을 리눅스기반의 Layer 7 부하분산기인 KTCPVS를 이용하여 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법에서는 리눅스기반의 Layer 4 부하분산기인 IPVS를 사용하고 각 서버들에게 Layer 7 부하분산기인 KTCPVS를 설치하여 같이 동작하게 구현하였다. 실험은 16대의 컴퓨터를 사용하여 수행되었고, 실험 결과에 의하면 제안 방법이 종래 방법에 비해 서버 대수가 증가함에 따라 확장성 및 높은 성능 향상률을 가짐을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

차세대 무선 네트워크 환경의 필연적인 추세는 상이한 특성을 가지는 무선 액세스 네트워크들이 상호 보완적인 방법으로 공존한다는 것이다. 또한 두 개 이상의 에어 인터페이스를 갖추고 다양한 서비스를 동시에 받을 수 있는 이동 단말들도 등장하고 있다. 이와 같은 환경에서 이동 사용자가 이질의 액세스 네트워크 간을 로밍하는 경우에도 끊김없는 통신을 지속할 수 있도록 해 주고, 여러 개의 공존하는 무선 액세스 네트워크들을 효과적으로 활용함으로써 응용 별 서비스품질 요구를 만족할 수 있는 해결책이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 응용 별 종단 간 이동성 관리와 cross-layer 핸드오버 제어에 기반한 이동성 관리 플랫폼을 제안한다. 제안하는 플랫폼은 종단 사용자의 단말에서 동작하며, Monitoring Agent, Profile Database, Decision Engine, IP Agent 등 4개의 기능적인 모듈로 구성된다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안하는 플랫폼이 응용 별로 적합한 액세스 네트워크를 선택함으로써 향상된 QoS를 제공함을 보였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.85-88
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• 1998

Light-emitting diode(LEDs), diode arrays, and phosphor display panels are finding increased use in a variety of commercial applications. Present and anticipated application of these devices include solid state indicator(e.g., digital clocks, meter readout) and display systems(e.g., instrument panels, TV display), the application being determined by the light -output capability and size availability(cost) of the particular device. In this work, Phosphor based on ZnS:Cu are used. Relation by luminance with the thickness of insulating layer and phosphor layer are discussed. Increased thickness of insulating layer are stable on voltage to 300V. By considering thickness and voltage, optimal structure and thickness are investigated. Also in order to maximize even surface emission, various sieving process are introduced. Very similar phosphor particle size is selected. Luminance by various wave intensity is also investigated. 150cd/m$^2$ luminance are investigated in stable voltage and frequency.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.1405-1414
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• 2014

사무실 관리 서비스 플랫폼은 사무실 센서 장치, G/DSCL(Gateway/Device Service Capability Layer), NSCL(Network Service Capability Layer), NA(Network Application)로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 사무실 관리 서비스에 적합한 게이트웨이 리소스트리와 서비스 시나리오를 설계하고, 지능형 기능 모델링을 통해서 사무실 관리 서비스가 운영 될 수 있음을 보인다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.116-120
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• 2015

A hybrid transparent conducting layer was applied for Si photodetector. To realize the hybrid transparent conducting layer, a 200 nm-thick ITO layer was deposited onto a Si substrate, following by a solution-processed AgNWs-coating on the ITO. The hybrid transparent conducting layer showed an excellent low electric resistance of $15.9{\Box}/{\Omega}$ with a high optical transparency of 86.89%. Due to these optical and electrical benefits, the hybrid transparent conductor-embedding Si diode provides an extremely high rectifying ratio of 3386. Under light-illumination, the hybrid transparent conductor device provides extremely high photoresponses for broad wavelengths. This implies that a functional design for hybrid transparent conductor is crucial for photoelectric devices and applications.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.144-147
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• 2017

In this study, two- and three-layer ceramic piezoelectric actuators were designed and simulated according to SUS316 thickness, actuator width, and mass using ATILA software in order to develop a piezoelectric actuator for haptic application. Numerical modelling based on the finite element method was performed to find the resonance frequencies and modal shapes of the actuator. The resonance frequency was affected by the thickness of the SUS316 plate and mass. On the other hand, the width of the actuator did not have a significant impact. Maximum displacements were generated at the center of a haptic three-layer ceramic piezoelectric actuator. The two-layer ceramic piezoelectric actuator with a mass of 2.6 g was suitable as $16.28{\mu}m$ at 265 Hz for haptic sensation application.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2013

This paper presents AUTOSAR-ready light software architecture (AUTOSAR-Lite), which is a light weighted version of the AUTOSAR, for automotive embedded control systems. The proposed AUTOSAR-Lite reduces overhead problems caused by the excessive standard specifications of AUTOSAR. Concurrently, AUTOSAR-Lite keeps advantages of AUTOSAR such as a scalability, re-usability, reliability, and transferability. The fundamental design of AUTOSAR-Lite is originated from the AUTOSAR standard. AUTOSAR-Lite is composed of three layers such as an application software, runtime environment, and basic software layer. The application software layer adopts component-based design methodology as AUTOSAR. The runtime environment layer integrates interfaces between application and basic software layers. In case of the basic software layer, restrictions of the module configurations and interfaces of basic software are minimized. In order to validate the feasibility of AUTOSAR-Lite, a software design result based on AUTOSAR-Lite software architecture for electronic throttle control (ETC) system is suggested.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of EDTA irrigant according to application time and temperature. 31 human mature extracted teeth with a single canal were sectioned with microtome in 3mm thickness and gained 62 samples of root canals. They were distributed randomly into 6 groups of 10 specimens each and control group of 2 specimens. Each specimen was prepared with GT rotary file (Dentsply, Maillefer Co., Swiss) and irrigated with 3 ml sodium hypochlorite every minute. Then smear layer was removed with EDTA solution (PULPDENT$^{\circledR}$, PULPDENT Co., USA.) except two control specimens. Specimens of each group were irrigated with 17% EDTA. The time and temperature of application were as follows : (Table omitted) All specimens were split longitudinally and prepared for examination by scanning electron microscopy. A set of reference micrographs was used to award a debris score as follows: 0 = no smear layer, all tubules clean and open; 1 = no superficial smear layer, tubule openings visible, but some contain debris plug or soft tissue remnants: 2 = moderate smear layer, some tubules open and others closed; 3 = heavy smear layer, most/all tubule openings obscured. Results were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis test to determine whether there was statistically significant difference among six groups. Pairs of groups were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Keuls Method and Mann-Whitney test. The results were as follows : 1. Control specimens showed heavy smear layer at the canal walls 2. Among the groups applied with EDTA for 2 minutes, group 1 showed the heaviest smear layer, and there was statistically significant difference between group 1 and the other groups(p<0.05). 3. Among the groups applied with EDTA for 5 minutes, group 4 and group 6 showed smear layer but there was no significant difference between them. 4. Among the groups applied with EDTA for the same temperature, group 1 showed heavier smear layer than group 4, and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 5. Among the groups applied with EDTA for the same temperature, group 2 showed heavier smear layer than group 5 and group 3 showed heavier smear layer than group 6. But there was no statistically significant difference among them. From the results above, it could be concluded, EDTA solution is effective in removing of smear layer when it is applied for 5 minutes. If EDTA is applied for 2 minutes, it should be applied above room temperature.