• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.215-230
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• 2023

Objectives : Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill contains many nutrients and exhibits high physiological functions. It has been shown that Schisandra seed and pamace contains more nutrients than fruits and thus have higher antioxidant efficacy. In this study, seed and pamace of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SPSC) were treated with hot-melt extrudate (HME) extrusion to produce water-soluble nanoparticles. Methods : SPSC was treated with HME to prepare nanoparticles. In this process, excipients (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, pullulan, 2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, lecithin) were added to prepare a hydrophilic polymer matrix. To compare and analyze the antioxidant effect and schizandrin content, total flavonoid content, total phenol content and ABTS assay were measured. To confirm the effect of increasing the water solubility of the particles, particle size and water solubility index measurements were performed. The molecular of the material was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results : The particle size of HME extrudates decreased, while total phenols, flavonoids, schizandrin, antioxidant effect, and solubility increased. Through FT-IR, it was confirmed that the SPSC and the extrudate exhibit the same chemical properties. In addition, it was confirmed that when extracted with water, it exhibited a higher antioxidant effect than the ethanol extract. Conclusions : HME technology increased the solubility of SPSC, which are processing by-products, and improved their antioxidant effect to a higher degree. It was confirmed that SPSC could be used as an eco-friendly, high value-added material.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.2557-2560
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• 2010

To assay for antioxidant capacity of natural products considered important in producing human health benefits, a practical and economical method using pellet techniques was developed. A standard visualizing reagent, 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), was mixed with a water-miscible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), serving as a solid phase support for the DPPH reagent. A DPPH pellet was prepared by dropping a small volume of the DPPH solution onto PET film, and drying in an oven. The PVA-based DPPH pellet was dissolved into water, in which the water-miscible PVA plays as a non-ionic surfactant to help the DPPH reagent to be dissolved into the solvent. Using the DPPH assay, the antioxidant capacity of water-soluble extracts of black soybean, barley, green tea, and green gram was examined. Among the natural products tested, green tea showed the highest antioxidant capacity. This PVA-based DPPH antioxidant assay can be further applied in the natural food, raw plant material, and health product inspection field.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

The potential antioxidant activities of different fractions from methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. were assayed in vitro. All of the fractions exception of n-hexane and $H_2O$ showed a strong antioxidant activity, especially the ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction, which showed the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=9.86\;{\mu}g/mL$). The results of 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed concentration dependency, the EtOAc fraction demonstrating a better result than the other fractions at the same concentration in this studies. Additionally, when the total phenolic contents of fractions were measured, the EtOAc fraction contained the highest level. Meanwhile, correlation analysis indicated a high correlation between the antiradical activity and the total phenolic contents, suggesting that fractions obtained from the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. have wide potential for use as sources of antioxidant material.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

Objectives: We investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pinus densiflora ethanol extracts (PDEE) treated with trypsine as a protease. Methods: Various antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH electron-donating ability and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity of test material. To compare the antibacterial activity, paper disc diffusion assay was performed against two resident bacteria in human skin (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Results: As for the total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, and the electron-donating ability and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, both PDEE and trypsin-treated Pinus densiflora ethanol extract (T-PDEE) showed high antioxidant activity in dose-dependent manner. And the T-PDEE showed slightly higher activity than PDEE, which indicated protease treatment seemed to affect in antioxidant activity. In the result of paper disc diffusion assay, antibacterial activity was confirmed in all two types of skin resident bacteria. T-PDEE was more active than PDEE and it seems that treatment of protease may increase the antibacterial activity of PDEE. Conclusion: All of these results, we confirmed that treatment of protease to PDEE can increase the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and it can be explained thought that this would be applicable as a cosmeceutical material in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1081-1087
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the extracts of 80% EtOH and EtOAc, BuOH, and D.W in Korean native Hypsizygus marmoreus. Antioxidation and antioxidant analysis to provide the possibility of a multifunctional cosmetic raw material. As a result of analyzing the cytotoxicity of the sample using the animal cell line HaCaT cell, it was confirmed that the toxicity of the sample hardly affected the cells. The inhibition rate of elastase was 30.41% at 10% of sample concentration and inhibition activity of collagenase was 11.65% at 1% of sample concentration. Hypsizygus marmoreus showed better antioxidant activity than similar mushroom. The total phenol contents of the fractions were 778.4 mg and 2.59 mg per 1 g of white mushroom, confirming its potential as a natural antioxidant. As a result, the extract of Hypsizygus marmoreus is considered to be highly valuable as a natural cosmetic material having antioxidant and antioxidant functions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.338-352
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• 2022

Herein, water and ethanol extracts were obtained from the leaves, branches, kernels, and pericarp of Quercus gilva and subsequently analyzed for antioxidant activity and circadian rhythm regulation effects. Candidate components that may affect circadian rhythm and antioxidant activity were investigated to discover potential functional materials. Antioxidant activity was analyzed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays, showing that the hot water extract exhibited higher activity than that of the ethanol extract. In particular, the branch extract showed high antioxidant activity. By measuring total contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, the hot water branch extract showed the highest concentrations, highlighting their significant contribution to the antioxidant activity. Examination of the circadian rhythm regulation of each extract showed that the ethanol extract exhibited greater impacts on the circadian rhythm amplitude compared to the water extract. The branch ethanol extract induced circadian rhythm amplitude changes via clock gene Bmal1 expression regulation. Determination of 12 phenolic compound concentrations showed that the branch ethanol extract contained many phenolic compounds, including catechin. This suggests that these com- pounds affected circadian rhythm regulation. In conclusion, the hot water branch extract has potential as an natural antioxidant material, while the corresponding ethanol extract has potential as a functional material for regulating circadian rhythm.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 2023

Calla lily is one of the most iconic and widely recognized ornamental plants. This study compared the extracts of 11 cultivars of domestic calla lily bred by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science for their total polyphenol and antioxidant activities. Eleven cultivars were evaluated for their growth and flowering characteristics as per the Manual for Agricultural Investigation Rural Development Administration (RDA) form. The antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbebzothiazoloine-6-sulfonic acid)-diammounium salt (ABTS⁺) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect. The plants have an average height of 63.80 ± 5.4 cm, average flower diameter of 7.2 ± 1.1 cm, and width of 12.4 ± 1.7 cm. On average, the diameter and width of leaves were 33.7 ± 3.5 cm and 20.0 ± 1.4 cm, respectively. Extracts of flowers and leaves in the 11 cultivars of white calla lily were compared for their antioxidant activities and total polyphenol contents. ABTS⁺ and DPPH radical scavenging, which are indicative of antioxidant activity, were higher in flowers than in leaves. When comparing by cultivar, we found that 'White Egg' showed the highest antioxidant activity in both the flowers and the leaves. Additionally, we found that by part, the content of total polyphenols was highest in flowers, and by cultivar, it was highest in the 'Swan' and 'White Egg' cultivars. Furthermore, the days to flowering showed correlations with ABTS⁺ radical scavenging, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). Our results indicate that calla lily can be used as breeding material material according to its growth characteristics and as a natural antioxidant source.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.609-614
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• 2002

In this study, we investigated the effects of hot water on the aging of URD power cables due to the hot water ingress to power distribution lines. Hot water contacted and non-contacted cables extracted from 2 distribution lines were characterized by the measurement of oxidation induction time(OIT) and chemical structure. In OIT measurement, hot water contacted cables showed the shorter OIT than non-contacted ones. Especially, hot water contacted insulation layer near insulation shield showed the shortest OIT. In chemical structure analysis, the antioxidant content was decreased and the acid concentration was increased by hot water ingress. From this results, it can be concluded that the hot water ingress to power cable may be accelerate the aging by means of antioxidant consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.521-528
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• 2016

The antioxidant activity of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v) extracts from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was investigated in this study. The antioxidant potential of various extracts of turmeric was evaluated by using different antioxidant tests, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assays as well as total phenol content and total flavonoid content. All extracts exhibited abundant total phenol content, total flavonoid content and strong antioxidant activity. Particularly, higher activity was exhibited by CM extract with $46.32{\pm}0.35mgCAE/g$ and $15.58{\pm}0.39 mgQE/g$ of total phenol content and total flavonoid content. Generally, antioxidant activity of various extracts from turmeric increased in the following order: 70% methanol extract, 70% ethanol extract and CM extract, respectively. Results suggested that turmeric could be widely used as a source of antioxidant and a kind of functional material in food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.296-305
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• 2017

Gallnuts are known to exert various pharmaceutical properties that include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and detoxifying effects. Gallnut extract is thought to be a particularly safe antimicrobial agent for textile application due to its natural origins. Hence, textiles were dyed with gallnut to develop multi-functional clothing material with no harmful effects. In this study, three kinds of cool touch woven fabrics, each comprised of 100% viscose rayon filament, viscose rayon filament/high absorption & quick dry (polyester) filament, and viscose rayon $filament/tencel^{(R)}$ spun yarn, were prepared and used as substrates for gallnut dyeing to especially develop functional cool touch textiles for summer clothing material. On the other hand, gallnut dyeing was conducted with mordanting with iron, lime or alum, which induced different colors on the dyed textiles. Dyed textiles were then investigated by SEM, FTIR, antibacterial test, and antioxidant test. Subsequently, gallnut dyed textiles indicated excellent antibacterial ability and deodorization activity regardless of mordant species. However, only gallnut dyed textiles mordanted with iron and alum showed significant antioxidant ability. In addition, the dyeing processes impair the cool touch feeling of the textiles by changing the micro structure of the textile surface.