• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

Background: Various Schisandra chinensis (SC) varieties grow in diverse regions in Korea. However, there is no valid scientific evidence of these varieties. This study aimed to select the excellent resources in terms of the growth characteristics, antioxidant activities, and analysis of the active compounds of the SC collection. Method and Results: In total, 154 resources of SC were collected from various regions of Korea. The growth characteristics were measured by the number of fruit bunches, fruit number, and weight of 100 fruits. The antioxidant activities were investigated by analyzing the total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents and the radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS. Schizandrin A, schizandrin c, gomisin a, and gomisin N were analyzed by HPLC. Each resource showed different growth characteristics. Among the antioxidative effects, the highest 20 resources showed high antioxidant activities in selected 29 resources. Analysis of the SC lignan index showed that all resources contained more than 1.16% of active compounds. Conclusions: All of the selected 29 SC resources were shown to have excellent growth characteristics, antioxidant activities, and bioactive compound richness. Especially, SC-004, SC-007, and SC-154 showed the best growth characteristics, and SC-22, SC-40, and SC-45 showed the best antioxidant activities and bioactive compound richness.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Objectives The craniosacral therapy is closely related to the herbal meridians, so we try to explore, compare and develop pharmacopuncture that can have a synergistic effect. Methods The craniosacral pharmacopuncture, Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture, jungseongohhyeol pharmacopuncture, bamboo salt pharmacopuncture 1.8%, bamboo salt pharmacopuncture 3.0%, and normal saline, which are used with craniosacral therapy in clinical practice, were all made and prepared by ourselves. In order to compare antioxidant activity, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant powder, total flavonoids, total phenolics methods were all measured. Method validation such as specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy were performed for craniosacral pharmacopuncture. Results In all antioxidant methods, craniosacral pharmacopuncture showed the highest activity and followed by a Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture. The rest of the pharmacopunctures were measured to have low antioxidant activity. Nodakenin and glycyrrhizin were suitable as index compounds of craniosacral pharmacopuncture and they contained 0.82±0.01 ㎍/mL and 2.56±0.01 ㎍/mL respectively. Conclusions Craniosacral pharmacopuncture has the highest activity in all antioxidant activity experiments, which will help activate craniosacral therapy and quality control is possible through standardized research. Such research will contribute to the development of the oriental medicine industry.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.908-917
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• 2024

Objective: Although pork loins is not a tough meat, they need to develop meat products with a soft texture for the elderly. This study focused on the physicochemical properties and tenderness characteristics of pork loin injected with green kiwifruit juice (GRJ) and gold kiwifruit juice (GOJ) during various incubation times. In addition, the antioxidant activities of hydrolysate derived from the hydrolysis of pork loin by kiwifruit juice protease were evaluated. Methods: The pork loin was injected with 10% and 20% GRJ and GOJ, under various incubation times (0, 4, 8, and 24 h). Then, the physicochemical properties and tenderness of pork loins were measured. 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power were conducted to determine hydrolysate's antioxidant activities derived from pork loin's hydrolysis by kiwifruit juice protease. Results: GRJ had greater tenderizing ability than GOJ, even at the 10% addition. When kiwifruit juice was injected into pork loin, the tenderness increased with increasing incubation time. This was confirmed by the decrease in intensity of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In particular, the MHC band decreased at 8 h for both 10% GRJ and 20% GOJ and at 4 h for 20% GRJ alone. The highest myofibril fragmentation index and peptide solubility were observed in pork loin treated with 20% GRJ compared to the other treatments during incubation. The 10% GRJ and 20% GOJ treatments showed similar levels of antioxidant activity of the protein hydrolysates in pork loin, and 20% GRJ showed the highest activity among the treatments. Conclusion: Kiwifruit juice had protease activity, and GRJ was more useful for tenderizing meat products than GOJ. Thus, GRJ at 10% could be a potential agent to tenderize and enrich the natural antioxidant activity through the proteolysis of pork loin.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of heat treatments on the quality characteristics of fresh-cut 'Romaine' lettuce by treating in hot water (45, 50, and $55^{\circ}C$) for 2 minutes. Sensory properties, respiration rate, ethylene production, microbial growth, browning index, total phenolics (TP), vitamin C, and antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays) of samples were evaluated after 5 days at $5^{\circ}C$. All heat treatment conditions tested in this study did not affect the change in TP after storage. Treatment at $45^{\circ}C$ enhanced respiration rate and ethylene production wheres decreased vitamin C content and antioxidant activities. There was no significant difference in browning index at $45^{\circ}C$ treatment. The rapid tissue softening occurred when treated with $55^{\circ}C$ hot water for 2 minutes. The $50^{\circ}C$ heat treatments exhibited the best quality index including texture and color, and inhibited microbial growth and browning after storage. In addition, the $50^{\circ}C$ heat treatment showed the highest vitamin C content and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assay) after storage. Therefore, the $50^{\circ}C$ heat treatment can be used to maintain quality and antioxidant property of fresh-cut 'Romain' lettuce.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.633-641
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• 2000

This study was conducted to measure the difference in the total antioxidant status(TAS) of overweight and normal weight adults, and to investigate the correlation between TAS and the nutrient intake. Anthropometric parameter, TAS, biochemical parameters and dietary intake were measured in the normal weight group(n=17, BMI 20-25, obesity index 90-110%, body fat 16-20%) and overweight group(n=13, BMI > 25, obesity index > 120%, body fat > 25%) among Korean young males. The TAS of the overweight group was significantly higher than that of the normal weight group(p < 0.01). Among biochemical parameters, the average uric acid concentration of the overweight group was significantly higher(p < 0.05) compared to that of the normal weight group indicating, the uric acid concentration reflects TAS. Usual dietary intake showed that the intakes of Ca and vitamin B$_2$, are below RDA. The average intake of vitamin C in the overweight group was significantly lower than that in the normal group(p < 0.05). There was no difference in the intake of carotene and vitamin E between groups. The diet quality of both groups was satisfactory. The result of the correlation analysis on TAS, the uric acid concentration, and the measured indexs are as follows : In the overweight group, TAS was negatively correlated with alchol drinking, and uric acid concentration was positively correlated with BMI, obesity index, and TAS. In conclusion, TAS was significantly higher in the overweight group than that of the normal group, although no association was found with nutrient intakes. Serum uric acid showed a positive relationship with TAS indicating, it is a possible determinant of the antioxidant capacity.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Metabolic syndrome such as, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia etc are well known lifestyle diseases which threaten a health state. The purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidant status and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various stressful conditions. A group of persons (n=28) were enrolled in this study and stress status was evaluated using questionnaire of psychological well-being index (PWI-SF) and hematologic analysis of free oxygen radical defense (FORD), free oxygen radical test (FORT), lipid profiles and serum cortisol level. Analysis was done according to stress index, BMI status and overtime working. Blood samples from diabetics were used for control. Results are as in followings: Higher PWI-SF group showed higher FORT. Obese persons with BMI > $25kg/m^2$ showed statistically lower FORD (p<0.05) and higher FORT level (p<0.01). When compare with diabetics, an overweight group had similar levels in FORD and FORT while a normal body weight group showed quite different with diabetics in FORD (p<0.001). Higher ROS group has higher triglyceride, CRP and insulin levels but lower in FORD and HDL-cholesterol levels. Overtime working at night showed no meaningful result against our expectations. These results suggested that obesity showed most unfavorable correlations in an antioxidant status in various situations.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1265-1274
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the extraction characteristics including total polyphenol compound content (TPC) and the antioxidative effect of Rumex crispus root extract on commercial corn oil. Extraction yield was increased with extraction temperature but decreased with extraction ratio. No significant differences in aromatics content were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction conditions; extraction ratio, extraction temperature, extraction pH and composition of extractant. Total flavonoid content of the extract was increased with extraction temperature and extraction pH, and highest value of it was found when extractant composition of ethanol in water was 75%. Total polyphenol compound content (TPC) of the extract with 10 fold extraction ratio showed the highest value, but no significant difference in TPC was found with extraction temperature. Reducing power and DPPH (${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability (RSA) of the extract in spectrophotometric absorbance were decreased with extraction ratio but increased with extraction temperature and showed 63.1%~98.4% and 67.6%~86.7% of those of ascorbic acid in reducing power and DPPH RSA, respectively. The antioxidative effects of the extract on corn oil were 84.8~93.0% of that of commercial butylated hydroxytoluene, the antioxidant index value was highest when the ethanol composition to water in extractant was equal ratio.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

The present study evaluated the systemic oxidative stress status during major orthopedic surgery in dogs. Sixteen dogs presented with various orthopedic diseases involving fractures or luxation of limbs. All patients underwent orthopedic surgery for treatment of fractures or luxation of limbs. A significant increase in the plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels in dogs after surgery was observed. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly decreased in dogs after surgery. The results of this study suggested that association or relationship in serum between TOS or TAS levels and redox imbalance were caused by surgical trauma in orthopedic disease conditions.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine serum antioxidant nutrients and the relationship between serum antioxidants and risks of chronic diseases in obese Korean children Methods: Normal weight Korean school children (0=170), mean age of 11.5$\pm$1.5, and obese (body fat mass > $28\%$) children (0=176), mean age of 11.0$\pm$1.8, were recruited Fat mass ($\%$) was determnined by Bioelectrical Impedance (BEI), and body mass index (BMI) was calculated Fasting blood was collected to measure serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPI) were also determined. Differences in serum blood measurements between obese and normal children were assessed by independent t test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Blood glucose, GPT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were significantly higher among obese boys, compared to normal boys (p<005). Significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E, after adjustment for TG and TC, was shown in obese boys (0.26 mg/mg) and obese girls (0.31 mg/mg), compared to normal boys (0.36 mg/mg) and girls (0.38 mg/mg) (p<0.05). Fat mass ($\%$) was negatively con-elated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E. Conclusion: Obese Korean children showed insufficient serum vitamin E concentration and increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, and liver disease. Since lower vitamin E concentration was negatively con-elated with atherogenic index, improved vitamin E status in children may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis later in life.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.53-66
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the antioxidant effect of electroaupuncture at TE5 on the rats that were given AAPH(50mg/kg) everyday. Methodes : The Rats were given AAPH(50mg/kg) in abdominal cavity everyday for one week. $TE_5-NR$ group were treated by acupucture on left $TE_5$ for 15min. $TE_5-EA$ group were treated by electroacupucture on left $TE_5$ for 15min. The author observe several changes of rats. First, it is change of rat weight. Second, it is change of Liver index. Third, it is changes of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, Glucose, GOT, GPT. Fourth, it is changes of SOD & Catalase activity, Glutathione & NO & MDA concentration. Fifth, it is change of tissue. Results: 1. In the $TE_5-EA$ group, the live index was decreased significant compared with control & holder group. 2. In the $TE_5-EA$ group, the albumin level were increased significant compared with control & holder group, LDL-cholesterol, GOT level were decreased significant compared with control & holder group. 3. In the $TE_5-EA$ group, the SOD activity, Catalase activity were increased significant compared with control group, Glutathione level was increased significant compared with control & holder, sham-EA, $TE_5-NR$ group, NO and MDA concentration were decreased significant compared with control group.