• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of pharmacopuncture of Mori Cortex on galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; Normal, liver injury not induced and not treated group. Control, the liver injury-induced and not treated group. Saline group, the liver injury-induced and saline injection at $BL_{18}$. HA-1 and HA-2 group, the liver injury-induced and pharmacopuncture of Mori Cortex applied to $BL_{18}$, each $1.3{\mu}g/g$, $2.6{\mu}g/g$. Then we observed the changes of ${\gamma}$-GTP, GOT, GPT, LDH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin. Results : Pharmacopuncture of Mori Cortex treatment significantly inhibited the activities of ${\gamma}$-GTP, GOT, total cholesterol, triglyceride and total bilirubin in HA-1 group. ${\gamma}$-GTP, GTP, LDH, ${\gamma}$-GTP levels were significantly inhibited in HA-2 group. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the reduce of hepatic enzyme activation and lipid accumulation by pharmacopuncture of Mori Cortex may be by an antioxidant properties of Mori Cortex.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2016

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a dietary flavonoid, kaempferol, which has been shown to possess antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant activities on the periodontium by histomorphometric analysis and on gingival tissue matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-8, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) by biochemical analysis of rats after experimental periodontitis induction. Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten rats each, and silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for 15 days, except in the healthy control rats. In the experimental periodontitis groups, systemic kaempferol (10 mg/kg/2d) and saline were administered by oral gavage at two different periods (with and without the presence of dental biofilm) to all rats except for the ten non-medicated rats. Alveolar bone area, alveolar bone level, and attachment level were determined by histomorphometric analysis, and gingival tissue levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-2 were detected by biochemical analysis. Results: Significantly greater bone area and significantly less alveolar bone and attachment loss were observed in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups (P<0.05). In addition, gingival tissue MMP-1 and -8 levels were significantly lower in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups and the periodontitis group (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in TIMP-2 levels between the kaempferol and saline application groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Kaempferol application may be useful in decreasing alveolar bone resorption, attachment loss, and MMP-1 and -8 production in experimental periodontitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1598-1608
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• 2013

An optimum dietary carbohydrate content is important for maximum fish growth. In this study, we fed Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) with either control diet (30.42%) or high carbohydrate diet (52.92%) for 90 d. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily in an aquarium with automatic temperature control and circulated water. Growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, hepatic morphology and enzyme activities were determined. It was shown that compared to fish fed control diet, fish fed high carbohydrate diet had higher plasma triglyceride and cortisol levels for d 90, and lower alkaline phosphatase level for d 45, lower hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidative capacity for d 90, higher malondialdehyde for d 45 and glycogen content for d 45 and 90 (p<0.05). Histological and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that hepatocytes of fish fed high carbohydrate diet contained large lipid droplets, causing displacement of cellular organelles to periphery of hepatocytes. The relative level of hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA of Wuchang bream fed high carbohydrate diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet for 90 d (p<0.05). These changes led to decreased specific growth rate and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Upon hypoxia challenge, fish fed high carbohydrate diet had higher cumulative mortality than those fed the control diet (p<0.05). These results suggested that high dietary carbohydrate (52.92%) was detrimental to the growth performance and health of Wuchang bream.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.582-589
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• 2015

Several theories emphasize that aging is closely related to oxidative stress and disease. The formation of excess ROS can lead to DNA damage and the acceleration of aging. Vigna angularis is one of the important medicinal plants in Korea. We isolated vitexin from V. angularis and elucidated the lifespan-extending effect of vitexin using the Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Vitexin showed potent lifespan extensive activity and it elevated the survival rates of nematodes against the stressful environments including heat and oxidative conditions. In addition, our results showed that vitexin was able to elevate antioxidant enzyme activities of worms and reduce intracellular ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. These studies demonstrated that the increased stress tolerance of vitexin-mediated nematode could be attributed to increased expressions of stress resistance proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) and heat shock protein (HSP-16.2). In this work, we also studied whether vitexin-mediated longevity activity was associated with aging-related factors such as progeny, food intake, growth and movement. The data revealed that these factors were not affected by vitexin treatment except movement. Vitexin treatment improved the body movement of aged nematode, suggesting vitexin affects healthspan as well as lifespan of nematode. These results suggest that vitexin might be a probable candidate which could extend the human lifespan.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2014

The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of hot water extract of Korean white dandelion (Taraxacum coreanum Nakai) on liver cancer induced in rats by a single dose of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). The animals were divided into three groups. The animals in the normal (Nor) group were fed basal diet. Control (Con) group were administered with NDEA (200 mg/kg, i.p.). Hot water extract of Korean white dandelion (KDDA, KDDB) group treated with hot water extracts of Korean white dandelion (30, 60 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks after NDEA. Serum AST and ALT were measured, enzyme activity of liver were examined by spectrophotometer and histological alternation of liver were examined by light microscopy. KDDA and KDDB group were decreased the increase of serum AST, ALT level induced by NDEA. The activities of SOD and CAT were significantly increased in KDDA, KDDB then in the Con. In the histological observation, KDDA and KDDB group were structure of liver lobula and nuclear shape was relatively cleared. In addition, the cytoplasm staining was similar to those of the Nor group. vacuolization of cytoplasm was not observed. These results suggest that administration of hot water extract of Korean white dandelion suppress or retard liver cancer induced by NDEA in rats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.537-544
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• 2009

This study was conducted to improve yield and functional properties of autoclave-treated salmon frame extracts (SFETA) using commercial enzymes (Alcalase 2.4 L FG, Flavourzyme 500 MG, Neutrase 0.8 L and Protamex 1.5 MG). Yield and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of all enzymatic hydrolysates improved compared to those of control (undigested extracts), which were the highest in hydrolysates incubated with Protamex 1.5 MG for 4 hrs (P4-treated hydrolysates) and 2 hrs (P2-treated hydrolysates), respectively. However, antioxidant activities of all enzymatic hydrolysates showed less than 29%. According to the trichloroacetic acid soluble-N, volatile component intensity and sensory evaluation, when compared to control, taste of P4-treated hydrolysates improved, while its fish odor strongly smelt. Therefore, for efficient use of P4-hydrolysates, the fish odor should be improved by Maillard reaction of extracts or pre-treatment of salmon frame.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2009

To investigate the inhibitory effects of Peonia japonica water extract(PJWE) on skin wrinkle formation, skin wrinkles were induced by both the irradiation of UVB and the application of squalene monohydroperoxide to the backs of hairless mice for 4 weeks. And at the same time experimental materials were applied topically. Wrinkles for the control (C) group were formed as a pattern of deep furrows and thick crests. Whereas wrinkles for the positive control (PC, 0.01% retinoic acid) and experimental(E, PJWE) groups were formed as a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests, which were similar to that of the normal(N) group. Collagen and elastic fibers in dermis of the PC and E groups were almost intact with a regular arrangement, which were similar to those of the N group. The activity of xanthine oxidase, the free radical generating enzyme, was significantly lower in the E group than the C and PC groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, the free radical scavenging enzymes, were much higher in the E group than the C and PC groups and similar to the N group. As for the amount of matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) expression, PC and E groups were significantly lower than the C group. Therefore, PJWE could be very effective natural herbal material for the inhibition or improvement of wrinkle formation in hairless mice skin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.499-502
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• 2004

DPPH radical-generating system was used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the Rosaceae. The inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts from Rosaceae plants were investigated on melanin biosynthesis which is closely related to hyperpigmentation. Of the Rosaceae extracts, Prunus sargentii, Rubus coreanus, Chaenomeles sinensis, Photinia glabra and Pyrus pyrifolia showed a potent inhibition of tyrosinase, the enzyme which converts 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) alanine (dopa) to dopachrome in the melanin biosynthetic process. Furthermore, MMT assay was used to check the cytotoxicity of extracts on the human foreskin fibroblast cell line, Hs68. Among the Rosaceae, bark of Prunus sargentii, bark wood of Photinia glabra and all parts or Chaenomeles sinensis showed more than $50\%$ inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity at 100 ug/mL and more than $80\%$ of strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity at 10 ug/mL. In audition to, they had no cytotoxic activity on Hs68. These results suggest that these extracts might be except a controler in pigmentation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

Background: The impact of fungicide azoxystrobin, applied as foliar spray, on the physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng was studied in ginseng (Panax ginseng Mey. cv. "Ermaya") under natural environmental conditions. Different concentrations of 25% azoxystrobin SC (150 g a.i./ha and 225 g a.i./ha) on ginseng plants were sprayed three times, and the changes in physiological and biochemical indices and ginsenoside contents of ginseng leaves were tested. Methods: Physiological and biochemical indices were measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2450). Every index was determined three times per replication. Extracts of ginsenosides were analyzed by HPLC (Shimadzu LC20-AB) utilizing a GL-Wondasil $C_{18}$ column. Results: Chlorophyll and soluble protein contents were significantly (p = 0.05) increased compared with the control by the application of azoxystrobin. Additionally, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and ginsenoside contents in azoxystrobin-treated plants were improved, and malondialdehyde content and $O_2^-$ contents were reduced effectively. Azoxystrobin treatments to ginseng plants at all growth stages suggested that the azoxystrobin-induced delay of senescence was due to an enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity protecting the plants from harmful active oxygen species. When the dose of azoxystrobin was 225 g a.i./ha, the effect was more significant. Conclusion: This work suggested that azoxystrobin played a role in delaying senescence by changing physiological and biochemical indices and improving ginsenoside contents in ginseng leaves.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4367-4375
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• 2016

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy of a Withania somnifera extract/Gadolinium III oxide nanocomposite (WSGNC) in mice. WSGNC was injected to solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice via i.p. (227 mg/kg body weight) 3 times/week during 3 weeks. Irradiation was performed by whole body fractionated exposure to 6Gy, applied in 3 doses of 2 Gy/week over 3 weeks. Biochemical analyses as well as DNA fragmentation were performed. Treatment of solid Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice with WSGNC combined with ${\gamma}$-radiation led to a significant decrease in the tumor size and weight associated with a significant decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activities, GSH content and SOD activity as well as a significant increase in caspase-3 activity, MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in cancer tissues. Combined treatment of WSGNC and low dose of ${\gamma}$-radiation showed great amelioration in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status (GSH content and SOD activity) in liver tissues in animals bearing tumors. It is concluded that WSGNC can be considered as a radio-sensitizer and anticancer modulator, suggesting a possible role in reducing the radiation exposure dose during radiotherapy.