• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.338-345
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 병꽃나무 꽃 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 LPS로 자극된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. 병꽃나무 꽃 추출물의 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과 총 폴리페놀 함량과 플라보노이 함량은 각각 719.19±0.04 μg/ml, 644.87±0.02 μg/ml로 나타났다. 항산화 활성을 확인하기 위하여 DPPH 라디칼과 superoxide 음이온 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과 투여 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 항염증 활성을 확인하기 위하여 염증 매개물질인 NO와 inflammatory cytokine인 IL-6와 TNF-α의 생성량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 NO와 IL-6의 생성을 투여농도 의존적으로 저해하였지만, TNF-α의 경우 병꽃나무 꽃 추출물의 농도가 20 μg/ml 이하에서는 TNF-α의 생성을 억제하지 않았고 100 μg/ml 이상에서는 오히려 분비를 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 병꽃나무 꽃 추출물의 염증반응과 관련된 iNOS 발현과 MAPK 및 NF-κB의 활성에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과 iNOS는 농도 유의적으로 그 발현이 감소되었으며, MAPK의 발현 및 인산화에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 IκB의 인산화를 효과적으로 감소시켜 NF-κB의 활성을 억제하여 항염증 활성을 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 병꽃나무 꽃 추출물은 항산화 및 항염증 활성이 우수한 기능성 소재로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2013

본 연구는 흑미(복합)발효물 및 분획물의 항산화 성분(총페놀, 총플라보노이드 및 proanthocyanidin)을 측정하였고 또한, 다양한 in vitro 모델을 이용하여 항산화 활성을 평가하였다. 항산화 활성은 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, reducing power 및 FRAP을 이용하였고 아질산염 소거능도 평가하였다. 저분자 분획물은 흑미(복합)발효물 및 고분자 분획물에 비해 유의적으로 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 흑미(복합)발효물 및 분획물 중에서, 저분자 분획물의 총페놀, 총플라보노이드 및 proanthocyanidin 함량은 각각 $109.2{\pm}2.9$ mg GAE/g, $39.4{\pm}0.8$ mg RE/g 및 $32.9{\pm}1.4$ mg CE/g으로 흑미(복합)발효물 및 고분자 분획물에 비해 높은 함량을 보였고 이들 항산화 성분들은 저분자 분획물의 항산화 활성과 유의적인 상관관계를 보였다. 건강증진에 대한 소비자들의 높은 관심도를 고려해 볼 때, 흑미(복합)발효물 및 분획물은 건강기능식품, 건강증진 및 의약품 소재로서 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.464-468
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 동해안에 서식하는 우렁쉥이의 식품산업의 소재와 기능성을 알아보기 위하여 우렁쉥이 추출물을 이용하여 이들로부터 활성산소종의 소거활성, 즉 항산화제와 비만 예방의 효능제로서 생리활성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 우렁쉥이의 에탄올, 메탄올, 물 추출물을 이용하여 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과 에탄올 추출물과 메탄올 추출물이 물 추출물보다 약 1.5배 높게 나타났고 플라보노이드 함량 또한 약 8배 이상 높게 나타났다. 항산화 효능을 측정한 결과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능에서는 메탄올 추출물이 1176.99 ${\mu}g/mL$로 가장 높았으며 물 추출물에 비해 약 2배정도 높은 효능을 보였다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능 활성을 측정한 결과 875.07 ${\mu}g/mL$로 메탄올 추출물이 가장 높은 효능을 보였고 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 활성과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 환원력 측정은 메탄올 추출물 31.7%, 에탄올 추출물 32.2% 그리고 물 추출물 26.4%의 순으로 나타났으며 금속 봉쇄력의 경우는 물 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 폴리페놀 함량이 높은 물질이 항산화 효능과의 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었고 지방 분해 측정 결과 에탄올 추출물이 6004.76 ${\mu}g/mL$, 메탄올 추출물이 12021.56 ${\mu}g/mL$로 측정되었으며 에탄올 추출물에는 지방 분해 억제 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 결과적으로 우렁쉥이는 항산화 효과와 비만예방 개선과 다양한 식품 소재로의 활용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료되며, 이러한 결과가 실제로 체내에서 적용되는지는 in vivo 연구를 통하여 살펴볼 필요가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

폐기물로 버려지는 식품가공 부산물의 부가가치를 높여 포도 유래 기능성 소재를 생산하기 위한 목적으로 포도 송이가지로부터 레스베라트롤의 추출 조건을 최적화하였고 포도 송이가지 추출물(grape fruit stem extract, GFSE)의 생리활성을 평가하였다. 총 폴리페놀 및 레스베라트롤의 추출 조건으로서 추출 용매(메탄올과 에탄올), 시료와 용매의 처리 비율(w/v), 추출 온도 및 추출 시간이 레스베라트롤 추출 수율에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 검토하고 통계프로그램을 이용하여 유의성을 평가하였다. 포도 송이가지로부터의 레스베라트롤 추출 조건을 최적화 한 결과, 80%의 에탄올에서 1:lO(w/v)의 용매의 비로 $60^{\circ}C$에서 90분을 추출하는 것이 가장 높은 추출수율을 나타냈다. 또한 포도 송이가지 추출물(GFSE)과 다른 항산화 물질의 생리활성 비교분석을 실시하였다. DPPH법에 의한 전지공여능과 SOD 유사활성으로 측정한 항산화 활성분석결과, 포도 송이가지 추출물은 비교물질로 사용된 항산화 물질들에 비해 높은 항산화능을 보였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제조된 포도 송이가지 추출물은 항산화능이 높은 건강기능식품 및 화장품 소재로 주목받고 있는 레스베라트롤 소재로서 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of three antioxidizing agents on pullout bond strengths of dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: Root canals of 75 single-rooted human teeth were prepared. Fifteen teeth were irrigated with normal saline for a negative control group, and the remaining 60 teeth (groups 2 - 5) with 2.5% NaOCl. The teeth in group 2 served as a positive control. Prior to post cementation, the root canals in groups 3 - 5 were irrigated with three antioxidizing agents including 10% rosmarinic acid (RA, Baridge essence), 10% hesperidin (HPN, Sigma), and 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel (SA, AppliChem). Seventy-five spreaders (#55, taper .02, Produits Dentaires S.A) were coated with silica and silanized with the Rocatec system and ceramic bond. All the prepared spreaders were cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement (Bifix SE, Voco Gmbh) in the prepared canals. After storage in distilled water (24 h/$37^{\circ}C$), the spreaders were pulled out in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Pull-out strength values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (${\alpha}$ = 0.05). Results: There were significant differences between study groups (p = 0.016). The highest pullout strength was related to the SA group. The lowest strength was obtained in the positive control group. Conclusions: Irrigation with NaOCl during canal preparation decreased bond strength of resin cement to root dentin. Amongst the antioxidants tested, SA had superior results in reversing the diminishing effect of NaOCl irrigation on the bond strength to root dentin.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.28-49
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• 2020

The efficacy and side effects associated with anticancer drugs have attracted an extensive research focus. Onconephrology is an evolving field of nephrology that deals with the study of kidney diseases in cancer patients. Most renal diseases in cancer patients are unique, and management of renal disease can be challenging especially in the presence of continuing use of the nephrotoxic drugs. Cisplatin is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of various malignancies, such as head, neck, ovarian, and cervical cancers. The major limitation in the clinical use of cisplatin is its tendency to induce adverse effects, such as nephrotoxicity. Recently, plant-derived phytochemicals have emerged as novel agents providing protection against cisplatin-induced renal cytotoxicity. Owing to the diversity of phytochemicals, they cover a wide spectrum of therapeutic indications in cancer and inflammation and have been a productive source of lead compounds for the development of novel medications. Of these agents, the effectiveness of triterpenoids, isolated from various medicinal plants, against cisplatin-induced renal cytotoxicity has been reported most frequently compared to other phytochemicals. Triterpenes are one of the most numerous and diverse groups of plant natural products. Triterpenes ameliorate cisplatin-induced renal damage through multiple pathways by inhibiting reactive oxygen species, inflammation, down-regulation of the MAPK, apoptosis, and NF-κB signaling pathways and upregulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense mechanisms. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the natural compounds with protective potential in cisplatin-induced renal cytotoxicity, provided an overview of the protective effects and mechanisms that have been identified to date, and discussed strategies to reduce renal cytotoxicity induced by anticancer drugs.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.254-266
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• 2019

Background: Patients with cardiovascular risks are recommended to use statins and antiplatelet agents to prevent major cerebro-cardiovascular events (MACCE). Antiplatelet agents also possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in addition to their inhibitory activity on platelets. The differences in clinical outcomes in ischemic heart disease (IHD) based on the type of antiplatelet therapy combined with statin treatment were investigated in this study. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records of IHD patients from January 2010 to December 2014 at Ajou University Hospital. Patients on combination therapy of antiplatelet drugs and statins were grouped based on antiplatelet drug types: clopidogrel, cilostazol, or sarpogrelate. Propensity score matching was applied to balance the baseline of the groups of clopidogrel vs. cilostazol and the groups of clopidogrel vs. sarpogrelate. The incidence and risk of MACCE as primary outcomes were assessed between the groups of antiplatelet drugs. Results: Among the approximately 128,500 patients with IHD, 1,049 patients had taken a combination therapy of statin and antiplatelet agents. The cohorts of patients administered clopidogrel, cilostazol, or sarpogrelate were 906, 79, and 64, respectively. The incidence of MACCE was not significantly different among the cohorts (p=0.58), and there were no differences between clopidogrel vs. cilostazol (p=0.72) or clopidogrel vs. sarpogrelate (p=1.00) after propensity score matching. Conclusion: There was no difference in the incidence of MACCE based on the type of antiplatelet drug (clopidogrel, cilostazol, or sarpogrelate) in combination with a statin in patients with IHD.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2008

In this study, antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (GUE) against $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leucocytcs and cell death in PC12 cells was determined. The effect of GUE on $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leucocytcs was evaluated by the comet assay, where GUE ($1-50\;{\mu}g/mL$) was a dose dependent inhibitor of DNA damage induced by $H_2O_2$. The protective effect of GUE against $H_2O_2$-induced damage on PC12 cells was investigated by MTT reduction assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. A marked reduction in cell survival induced by $H_2O_2$ was significantly prevented by $1-50\;{\mu}g/mL$ of GUE. The enzyme activity of caspase-3 was elevated in $H_2O_2$-treated PC12 cells, while preincubation with GUE for 30 min inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, GUE ameliorates $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in human leucocytes and has neuroprotective effect by preventing cell death in PC12 cell, suggesting that GU may be a potential candidate for novel therapeutic agents for neuronal diseases associated with oxidative stress.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2007

Free radicals are known to play important role in pathophysiology of hepatic disorders and antioxidants are employed along with other chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of such diseases. In search of natural antioxidant, successive extracts of Hypericum (H.) hookerianum (Family: Hypericaceae) were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. Extracts of aerial parts of H. hookerianum were subjected for 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), nitric oxide radicals scavenging assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Methanolic extract was found to be more active than other extracts in DPPH and in vitro TBARS assay with $IC_{50}$ at 5.82 ${\pm}$ 1.33 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 49.78 ${\pm}$ 3.79 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. While petroleum ether extract showed more potentials in scavenging the nitric oxide radicals with $IC_{50}$ 220.97 ${\pm}$ 2.69 ${\mu}g/ml$. The administration of $CCl_{4}$ to the control animals caused decrease in the level of catalase and superoxide dismutase, together with significant increase in the level of TBARS in liver and kidney. Reversal of these changes towards normal group was observed by administration of H. hookerianum methanolic extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, while other extracts were found to be less active.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

The ability of 80% ethanol extracts from five medicinal plants, Aralia continentalis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Magnolia denudata, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia, to neutralize hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical and peroxynitrite was examined using the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Peroxyl radical was generated from thermal homolysis of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ABAP); hydroxyl radical by an iron-ascorbate Fenton reaction; peroxynitrite by spontaneous decomposition of 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1). The oxidants generated react with $\alpha$-keto-$\gamma$-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA) to yield ethylene, and the TOSC of the substances tested is quantified from their ability to inhibit ethylene formation. Extracts from P. suffruticosa, M. denudata, and S. tenuifolia were determined to be potent peroxyl radical scavenging agents with a specific TOSC (sTOSC) being at least six-fold greater than that of glutathione (GSH). These three plants also showed sTOSCs toward peroxynitrite markedly greater than sTOSC of GSH, however, only P. suffruticosa revealed a significant hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. Seven major active constituents isolated from P. suffruticosa, quercetin, (+)-catechin, methyl gallate, gallic acid, benzoic acid, benzoyl paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin, were determined for their antioxidant potential toward peroxynitrite, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Quercetin, (+)-catechin, methyl gallate, and gallic acid exhibited sTOSCs 40~85 times greater than sTOSC of GSH. These four components also showed a peroxynitrite scavenging capacity higher than at least 10-fold of GSH. For antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical, methyl gallate was greatest followed by gallic acid and quercetin. Further studies need to be conducted to substantiate the significance of scavenging a specific oxidant in the prevention of cellular injury and disease states caused by the reactive free radical species.