• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.266-274
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• 2001

The chemical properties and physiological activities of the freeze-dried stromata of Cordyceps militaris were examined. A proximate analysis exhibited that the stromata consisted mainly of crude carbohydrate (74.3%), crude protein (11.5%), and moisture content (8.7%), with a low content of crude ash (4.%) and fat (1.3%). The carbohydrate was mostly composed of glucose (88.6%). A large quantity of essential fatty acids, including linolenic acid (33.8%) was also observed. An analysis of the component amino acid showed a relatively high ratio of the essential amino acids, lysine (101.2 mg/g), methionine (62.7 mg/g), and acidic amino acids of glutamic aicd (57.5 mg/g) and aspartic acid (43.9 mg/g), whereas a low of tyrosine content (4.7 mg/g). An examination of the cordycepin content indicated tht the stromata and mycelium-embedded media (silkworm pupae) contained 0.2% and 0.5%, respectively. From the examination of the physiological activities, based on methanol extract (M), ethylacetate extract (EA), and hot-water extract (HW) fractions of the stromata, the hot-water extract (HW) fraction showed the most potent intestinal immune modulating activity, anticoagulant activity, and anticomplementary activity, whereas the ethylacetate extract (EA) fraction exhihited a radical scavenging activity. Therefore, the results from the present study indicate that the stromata of C. militaris contain various healthy chemical ingredients, and that especially boiled water extract of whole body would apprear to provide beneficial physiological activities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

Chemical properties and physiological activities of the freeze-dried synnemata of Beauveria bassiana were examined. A proximate analysis showed that the synnemata consisted mainly of carbohydrate (49.86%), protein 11.36%), and a moisture content of 30.64%. It contained a low amount of crude ash (4.76%) and fat (3.38%). The carbohydrate was composed mainly of mannose (52.3%), galactose (31.5%), glucose (13.2%), and rhamnose (3%). Trace amounts of arabinose, xylose, and fructose were present. Major amino acids In the synnemata were glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, arginine, threonine, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine, and aspartic acid with the amounts of 30.42, 25.22, 17.17, 15.12, 12.65, 15.23, 12.47, 11.47, 14.24, and 17.17 mg/g, respectively. Among extracts from the synnemata, the hot-water extract showed 67% of anticomplementary activity compared to that of the positive control, followed by ethyl acetate extract (17%) and methanol extract (15%). The hot-water extract also had anticoagulant activity with 55 sec of coagulating time and this fraction exhibited the most potent Intestinal immune system modulating activity. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibitory activity (25%) on the 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-induced superoxide ($O_2^-$) generation, followed by hot-water extract (18%) and ethyl acetate extract (10%). The data in the present study indicate that the extract of Beauveria bassiana synnemata contains some healthful chemical ingredients and it could provide beneficial physiological activities. These features of the synnemata should be of interest to the food industry as well as other industrial fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2012

We performed this study to develop antithrombotic agents from oriental medicine herb extracts. Polygonum cuspidatum has been traditionally used as an edible medical resources for the treatment of cancer, pyodermatitis, hepatitis, cystitis, and inflammation. However, the effects of Polygonum cuspidatum on thrombosis and platelet activation are not precisely understood. The antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Polygonum cuspidatum were investigated by assessing the effect of a 70% ethanol extract of Polygonum cuspidatum on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation. Polygonum cuspidatum showed effective fibrinolytic activity at 10 mg/mL. Polygonum cuspidatum also inhibited adenosine diphosphate induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, evaluation of anticoagulant activity showed that an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum prolonged coagulation time via activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Our results show that Polygonum cuspidatum can be a potential candidate for antiplatelet activity as well as a fibrinolytic agent.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

Fucoidan is a kind of polysaccharides in brown seaweeds. For the past years have been extensively studied due to their numerous biological activities : anticancer, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral. In this study, we h ave extracted fucoidan from the Korean brown seaweeds and examined it's anticancer activities for employed SV40 DNA replication assay, RPA-ssDNA binding assay of replication protein A(RPA: known as human single-stranded DNA-binding protein essential for DNA rep-lication) and MCF7 cell growth inhibition assay. In addition to, we found that chemically sulfated fucoidan'santicancer activity is more higher than natural and desulfated fucoidan. It seem that fucoidan's sulfate group affect on DNA replication, cause of decrease RPA's DNA binding activity. These results suggests that sulfated fucoidan from Korean brown seaweeds have anticancer activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

This study examined Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 isolated from seawater from the East Sea. Deep seawater (DSW) had a greater effect on the growth of Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 than surface seawater (SSW). The crude protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash contents of Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 cultured with DSW were 27.2, 37.1, 13.2 and 26.3 %, respectively, and these values were similar to the results for samples cultured with SSW. The contents of Mg, Ca, Fe and K in the DSW cultured samples were 7080.3, 1009.6, 251.2, and 2749.7 mg/100 g, respectively. The fatty acid compositions of Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 cultured with DSW and SSW were 53.7 and 49.0 % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 25.7 and 30.7 % saturated fatty acids (SFA), respectively. The total amino acid contents of the samples cultured with DSW and SSW were 7392.6 and 6376.0 mg/100 g respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 extracts increased with the concentration of the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. The half maximal inhibitiory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of DSW and SSW cultured samples were 1.2 and 2.6 mg/mL, and 3.1 and 3.3 mg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fractions of DSW and SSW cultured samples has anticoagulant activity and the activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) were 93.4 and 89.3 sec., respectively. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2001

Objective : To analyze the antithrombin II deficiency in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Material and Method: The blood samples were tested by chromogenic assay to evaluate the activity of antithrombin III. Results: There was only one case of antithrombin III deficiency. This patient experienced one neonatal death after delivery and one FDIU (fetal death in utero). And also this patient showed a lupus anticoagulant and the prolongation of PTT. Conclusions: Women with recurrent miscarriage who have no obvious identified cause should consider hematologic screening. Antithrombin III deficiency could be a cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. But the incidence is very rare in Korean patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1323-1327
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• 2003

Persimmon has been considered to have therapeutic values for various diseases in Korea. Dried persimmon has been applied to wounded parts for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Anti-coagulant fraction from Persimmon stem was purified through gel filtration, phenyl Sepharose, DEAE-Sephadex and additional gel filtration column chromatographies. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 130,000 ∼ 180,000. By element analysis, its main components were C, H, and O. The anti -coagulant was heat- stable and completely inhibited after periodate oxidation, indicating that it was a complex carbohydrate.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2019

Platelet aggregation is essential for hemostatic process in case of blood vessels damages. However, excessive platelet aggregation can cause cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Scopoletin is usually found in the roots of genus Scopolia or Artemisia, and is known to have anticoagulant and anti-malarial effects. This study investigated the effect of scopoletin on human platelet aggregation induced by U46619, an analogue of thromboxane $A_2(TXA_2)$. Scopoletin had anti-platelet effects by down-regulating $TXA_2$ and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), the aggregation-inducing molecules generated in activated platelets. On the other hand, scopoletin increased the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which are known to be intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ antagonists. This resulted in inhibition of fibrinogen binding to ${\alpha}IIb/{\beta}_3$ in U46619-induced human platelet aggregation. In addition, scopoletin inhibited the release of adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) in dose-dependent manner. This result means that the aggregation amplification activity through the granule secretion in platelets was suppressed by scopoletin. Therefore, we demonstrated that scopoletin has a potent antiplatelet effect and is highly likely to prevent platelet-derived vascular disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2019

Codium fragile is an edible seaweed in Asian countries that has been used as a thrombolytic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory agent. Ginseng has also been known to maintain immune homeostasis and to regulate the immune system via enhancing resistance to diseases and microorganisms. In this study, anionic macromolecules extracted from C. fragile (CFAM) were orally administered with red ginseng extract (100 mg/kg body weight) to cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed male BALB/c mice to investigate the immune-enhancing cooperative effect of Codium fragile and red ginseng. Our results showed that supplementing CFAM with red ginseng extract significantly increased spleen index, T- and B-cell proliferation, NK cell activity, and splenic lymphocyte immune-associated gene expression compared to those with red ginseng alone, even though a high concentration of CFAM with red ginseng decreased immune biomarkers. These results suggest that CFAM can be used as a co-stimulant to enhance health and immunity in immunosuppressed conditions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.671-675
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to elucidate functional properties of sulfated polysaccharides from ascidian tunics, In physical properties of the crude polysaccharides, emulsion ability and foaminess were more excellent compared with chitin and chitosan, particular dye binding capacity was prominent. Anti-blood coagulation of partially purified sulfnted polysaccharides showed with respect to APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time). Especially, active fraction $(F_4)$ obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography showed highest activity, which was approximately $20\%$ of the activity of heparin. ACE inhibitory activity also similar to anticoagulant activity. Active fraction $(F_4)$ obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography showed about $34\%$, in ACE inhibitory activity.