• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

Objectives : Atotang was composed of 10 kinds of traditional medicinal herb. This research was performed to examine biological effects of Atotang for the development of prescription on atopic dermatitis. Methods : Atotang was extracted with 80% EtOH. Free radical scavenging assay has tested for anti-oxidative activity as well as the contents of total polyphenol. We observed the production of ROS, nitric oxide(NO) and the inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta(IL-${\beta}$), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-${\alpha}$), Prostaglandin E2($PGE_2$) in Raw 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. We used Disc diffusion method to investigate antibacterial activity on Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. Result : Content of total phenolic compound of Atotang was 36.3 mg/g ext. DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities were 77% and 46% at 200 ug/ml respectively, showing dose-dependent increase. The amounts of ROS and NO in RAW 264.7 cells were decreased by 30% and 19% at 200 ug/ml, respectively, showing dose-dependent decrease. The prodcution of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in RAW 264.7 cells were decreased dose-dependently by 81%, 67%, and 20% at 200 ug/ml, respectively. Atotang was reduced LPS-stimulated production of $PGE_2$ by 33%. Atotang on C. albicans, S. aureus and S. epidermis was selected by a disc diffusion method and inhibition effect of the Atotang on the growth of S. epidermis was the greatest. Conclusion : The results indicated that Atotang showed biological activities showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Based on these results, it is concluded that Atotang can be applied to the prescription on atopic dermatitis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2017

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder mediated by inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and mast cells. Rifampicin is mainly used for the treatment of tuberculosis. Recently, it was reported that rifampicin has anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of rifampicin on atopic dermatitis in vivo and in vitro. AD was induced by treatment with 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in NC/Nga mice. A subset of mice was then treated with rifampicin by oral administration. The severity score and scratching behavior were alleviated in the rifampicin-treated group. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels were also ameliorated in mice treated with rifampicin. We next examined whether rifampicin has anti-atopic activity via suppression of mast cell activation. Rifampicin suppressed the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and histamine from human mast cell (HMC)-1 cultures stimulated with compound 48/80. Treatment with rifampicin also inhibited secretion of inflammatory mediators, such tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and prostaglandin $D_2$ ($PGD_2$), in mast cells activated by compound 48/80. The mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) was reduced in the cells treated with rifampicin in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that rifampicin can be used to treat atopic dermatitis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objectives: Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen-tang, kakkon-to), an herbal formula, is used to treat the common cold, fevers, headaches, hangovers and neck and upper back stiffness. The drugs currently used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited by the significant adverse effects associated with their long-term usage. The need to efficiently manage the AD response while reducing side effects has led to the development of alternative remedies. Methods: To assess the effects of GGT on AD, the anti-inflammatory and anti-AD properties of GGT were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Results: Nitric oxide (NO) and histamine production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/A23187-treated MC/9 cells, respectively, were inhibited by GGT. GGT reduced thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) release on TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$ stimulated HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. GGT reduced both plasma levels of IgE and histamine and the dermatitis score in house dust mite induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions on NC/Nga mice. However, there were no significant histopathological differences observed between the GGT group and the AD-induced group, such as AD-like lesions in the dorsal skin or ear or mast cell infiltration in the dorsal skin. Conclusions: These results indicate that GGT inhibits chemokine production by keratinocytes and the atopic dermatitis response in NC/Nga mice, suggesting that GGT may be useful as a therapeutic remedy for treating AD and allergic inflammation-related diseases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2015

Gastrodia elata Blume is a well-known kind of natural products used as a folk medicine for thousands of years. However, anti-atopic dermatitis-like effects of G. elata Blume had not been evaluated until now. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effects of water extract from the roots of G. elata Blume (GE) on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions using balb/c mice. Combination treatment of GE (at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg body weight by administrated per os + 0.5 mg/cm² as ointment to apply on ear and dorsal skin) was significantly inhibited spleen weight, ear thickness, levels of serum immunoglobulin E and number of mast cells, compared with that of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-included groups without GE. Furthermore, combination application by oral administration plus by ointment of GE significantly inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. These results suggest that combination treatment of oral administration plus ointment form of GE could be helpful as a potentially natural pharmaceutical treatment on atopic-like dermatitis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.68-84
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• 2015

Object : The object of this study was effected of composed of 4 herbal medicines(Rubus coreanus, Rehmanniae Radix, Houttuynia cordata, Betulae cortex) on acute atopic dermatitis mice. Methods : BALB/c mice were divided 4 groups ; normal group, negative control group of acute atopic dermatitis mice induced by DNCB, treated apply to the back skin with the herbal medicine group, and treated orally with herbal medicine group. Treated with herbal medicine and DNCB during 2 weeks. After treated, measured WBCs, RBCs, and platelet in the blood, and analysed mRNA expression of spleen. Result : Composed herbal medicines could reduce WBCs, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the mouse blood. And, could down TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in spleen. In the skin tissue histology results, herbal medicines reduce the cells and T cells. Conclusion : Composed herbal medicines help to another inflammatory disease because they reduce the cells and T cells in the skin tissues. And they have inhibitory effects of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression, and Th 2 immune responses. Therefore herbal medicines use for an acute atopic dermatitis treatment.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2011

Background: In this study, we have investigated the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extracts on the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 in human keratinocytes. Also, to examine the antioxidative effect of red ginseng extracts, free radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in human dermal fibroblasts was measured. Methods: To investigate the effect of KRG in atopic dermatitis, we measured the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 secretion in LPS-stimulated human keratinocytes after the treatment of KRG extracts using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-oxidative activity was investigated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and SOD activity. Results: The stimulation of human keratinocytes with KRG extracts shifted the LPS-induced cytokine secretion toward a more immunosuppressive response. KRG dose-dependently decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-8 production in HaCaT cells and a significant inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ was shown when cells were treated with 500 and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of KRG extracts. Additionally, KRG extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activity in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, SOD activities of concentrations higher than $60{\mu}g/ml$ of KRG extracts were significantly different in human dermal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Based on this study, KRG extracts may be a useful immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Chamaecyparis Obtusa Oil to NC/Nga mice induced in Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by DNCB Mthods.Methods : NC/Nga mice which have been induced to Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by DNCB are divided into 3 groups, the one is the mice which have been spread with Chamaecyparis Obtusa Oil 2% cream, the other is which have been spread with dexamethasone (Dexa.) 0.5% on their Atopic lesion, another is the control group. then we take the blood sample of each group to measure state of the dorsal skin, the number of immunocytes. and resect the skin lesion to analyze the state of cells.Result & Conclusion : There are meaningful results of measuring the number of IgE, IL-4, IFN-γ and the state of the skin lesion and cells in the group with hamaecyparis Obtusa Oil 2% cream in comparison with the other groups.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.42-65
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• 2010

Objectives : Betula platyphylla var. japonica extract (BPE) was used to determine the modulation of cytokine secretion, the activation of inflammatory and allergic factor and the inhibition of gene expression. Inflammatory and allergic cytokines as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO and COX-2 were measured to use effectively on improvement or treatment of atopic dermatitis. Methods : We used NC/Nga mouse induced by atopic dermatitis to observe the effects of BPE on the weight, water and feed, blood test, weight of organs, histological change, total IgE and histological change of main organs. Results : BPE is effective on anti-inflammatory and allergic reaction. However, further study is needed to prove which component of BPE indicates effective pharmacological action. Conclusions : The above results suggest that Phellinus igniarius Quel extract could be applicable for improvement of several skin functions.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.20-22
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• 2004

개의 아토피성 피부염의 주된 세균성 감염은 Staphylococcus intermedius에 의해 발생한다. 본 연구의 목적은 아토피성 피부염을 가지고 있는 환견의 혈청과 정상견의 혈청을 이용하여 체액성 면역반응을 유발하는 주된 세균단백질을 규명하는데 있다. 건국대학교 수의과대학 부속동물병원에 내원한 아토피성 피부염 및 표재성 세균성 농피증을 앓고 있는 환견의 혈청 및 정상견의 혈청을 분리하여 본 실험에 사용하였으며 아토피성 피부염을 가지고 있는 환견에서 S. intermedius 균을 분리하였다. Brain heart infusion 액체배지 조건 및 $37^{\circ}C$ 배양조건에서 호기상태로 증균시켰으며 증균후 포도상구균을 PBS완충액에 부유시킨후 원심분리하고 최종적으로 lysostaphin을 이용하여 세균단백질을 분리하였다. 수거한 세균단백질은 SDS-PAGE을 이용하여 단백질을 전기영동하였으며 영동후 nitrocellulose membrane을 이용하여 단백질을 이동시켰다. Western blot은 anti-dog-IgG, 아토피성 피부염의 혈청 및 정상혈청을 이용하였다. 결론적으로 아토피성 피부염의 혈청을 이용해 확인한 S. intermedius의 주요 세균단백질은 18, 31, 75, 및 110 kDa이였다. 현재의 연구결과로 볼 때 아토피성 피부염에 감염된 대부분의 환견은 S. intermedius의 세균단백질에 대한 체액성 면역반응이 유발된다고 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2017

Objectives : Recently the case of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid appliment was reported. In this study, anti-inflamation effects and anti-allergy effects were studied by stimulus of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid extracts in HaCaT cells. Methods : The atopic dermatitis were induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ and interferon-${\gamma}$ in HaCaT cells. TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, RANTES/CCL5 and ROS production were investigated to explain anti-inflamation and allergy effects of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid with cell-enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay in 450 nm, 485 nm, 535 nm with spectro-fluorometer. Results : The extracts of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid were decreased TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, RANTES/CCL5 expressions and ROS production with a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions : The effects mechanism of Lactobacillus mixed culture fluid for atopic dermatitis symptoms were considered to be explain anti-inflamation and allergy effects via control of cytokine, chemokine and ROS production, and the fluid could be applied in skin cells directly. But classified AD symptom degrees reported in clinical case before as Reaction Period, Reduction Period, Effect Period, Reproduction Period and Rebound Period could not be explained. Further study will be expected.