• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Halophytes are plants that live in harsh environments in coastal regions and are known for their diverse chemical compositions. Limonium tetragonum, a halophyte endemic to Korean shores, is known for its bioactive compounds and is utilized in folk medicine. In this study L. tetragonum extract (LHE) was used to determine and evaluate its anti-osteoporotic properties. Pre-adipocyte and pre-osteoblasts were induced to differentiate along with LHE treatment, and their differentiation was evaluated using differentiation markers. LHE treatment decreased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during adipogenesis. Results indicated that the LHE treatment also decreased the levels of key adipogenic transcription factors: PPARγ, SREBP1c, and C/EBPα. Enhancing osteoblastogenesis by LHE treatment was confirmed in osteoblastogenesis-induced MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Cells treated with LHE resulted in increased calcification and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared with osteoblasts without LHE treatment. Pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic effects were also confirmed in D1 murine mesenchymal stromal cells which are capable of differentiation into both adipocytes and osteoblasts. LHE hindered adipogenesis and enhanced osteoblastogenesis in D1 MSCs in a similar fashion. In conclusion, L. tetragonum is believed to possess the potential to be utilized as a nutraceutical ingredient against osteoporotic conditions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.291-294
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• 2010

In obesity, adipocytes undergo abnormal growth characterized by increased cell numbers and differentiation. Thus, inhibition of mitogenesis of preadipocytes and their differentiation to adipocytes would be beneficial for the prevention and progression of obesity. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate antiadipogenic activity of adlay (Coix seed, the seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) employing preadipocytes cell line, 3T3-L1 as an in vitro assay system. Because several varieties of adlay are in use in Korea, anti-adipogenic activity of three varieties of adlay such as Sang-Gang, Jo-Hyun and Yulmu-Ilho was evaluated. All the three varieties of adlay showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation as assessed by measuring fat accumulation using Oil Red O staining. Adlay, however, showed little effects on adipocyte proliferation. Further studies with interval treatment demonstrated that adlay exerted inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation via acting on early stage of adipogenesis. Taken together, adlay might be useful in the prevention of obesity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2012

Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phytoalexin found in grape skin, grape products, and peanuts as well as red wine, has been reported to have various biological and pharmacological properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effect of resveratrol-amplified grape skin extracts on adipocytes. The anti-obesity effects of grape skin extracts were investigated by measuring proliferation and differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. The effect of grape skin ethanol extracts on cell proliferation was detected by the MTS assay. The morphological changes and degree of adipogenesis of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were measured by Oil Red-O staining assay. Treatment with extracts of resveratrol-amplified grape skin decreased lipid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity without affecting 3T3-L1 cell viability. Grape skin extract treatment resulted in significantly attenuated expression of key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, and their target genes (FAS, aP2, SCD-1, and LPL). These results indicate that resveratrol-amplified grape skin extracts may be useful for preventing obesity by regulating lipid metabolism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.453-459
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• 2013

The abnormal content of blood lipids often results in metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and obesity. Many agents, including natural sources from traditional food, have been developed to regulate the blood lipid contents. In this study, we examined the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Rhynchosia nulubilis seeds pickled with brown rice vinegar (RNSpBRV), a Korean traditional pickled soybean food. Since RNSpBRV is made of R. nulubilis seeds (RNS) soaked in brown rice vinegar (BRV), we compared the anti-adipogenic activity between RNS, BRV and solid fraction of RNSpBRV (SF-RNSpBRV), liquid fraction of RNSpBRV (LF-RNSpBRV). For this, the inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte was checked by adding methanol extracts of mixed RNS and BRV, LF-RNSpBRV, and SF-RNSpBRV. The addition of each methanol extract up to 1 mg/ml showed no cytotoxicity on 3T3-L1 adipocyte, and approximately 20% of the lipid droplet formation was suppressed with the methanol extract of BRL or SF-RNSpBRV. The highest suppression (42.1%) was achieved with LF-RNSpBRV. In addition, mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 5% RNSpBRV powder led to increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lower blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol compared to mice fed with a HFD diet only. Interestingly, the size of the epididymis cells gradually decreased in HFD + 1% RNSpBRV and HFD + 5% RNSpBRV-fed mice if compared those of HFD-fed mice. Taken together, these results provide evidence that RNSpBRV has a regulatory role in lipid metabolism that is related to hyperlipidemia.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2020

산달래 열수추출물의 생리활성을 비교하기 위하여 산달래를 전체(WAE), 비늘줄기(BAE), 잎(LAE)으로 분리하여 추출한 후 항산화 활성, 총 폴리페놀 함량, 지방전구세포 분화 억제 효과를 확인하였다. BAE에 비해 WAE와 LAE는 유의적으로 높은 라디칼 소거능, 환원력과 총 폴리페놀 함량을 보였다. 지방전구세포 분화 억제능 역시 BAE에 비해 WAE와 LAE가 유의적으로 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 산달래 전체 중 가장 많은 부분을 차지하는 잎에 유효성분이 있을 것으로 판단되어, LAE의 항비만 효능을 알아보았다. LAE는 농도의존적으로 지방전구세포의 분화를 감소시켰으며 이는 독성에 의한 3T3-L1 세포 사멸에 의한 것이 아님을 세포생존율 측정을 통해 확인하였다. LAE의 지방전구세포 분화 억제능은 adipogenesis 관련 전사인자인 CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), C/EBPα 유전자 발현의 억제와 관련이 있는 것으로 확인하였다. 또한 lipogenesis에 필수적인 효소 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1)의 유전자 발현을 저해하였다. 이를 통해 산달래 추출물 중 LAE는 adipogenic 전사인자와 SCD1 유전자 조절을 통해 지방전구세포 분화를 억제함을 밝혔고 항비만 기능성 물질로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다. 따라서 산달래가 항비만 효과가 있는 식품임을 입증하고 건강기능성식품 소재로서 상품화될 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2019

흰목이버섯(Tremella fuciformis Berk.; TF)은 흰목이과에 속하는 버섯으로 한국, 중국 및 열대지방에 분포한다. 흰목이버섯은 아시아 전통 의학에서 고혈압, 노화, 암 및 동맥 경화를 예방하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 L. rhamnosus BHN-LAB 76로 발효된 흰목이버섯 추출물의 항 당뇨 효능에 대해 조사하였다. 그 결과, 발효된 흰목이버섯 추출물은 발효하지 않은 추출물에 비해 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 증가시키고, 3T3-L1 전지방 세포에서의 지방세포 분화 유도를 통한 지방구 생성을 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 발효된 흰목이버섯은 지방 및 세포 분화 유도에 관여한다고 알려진 AMPK, Akt의 유전자 발현을 촉진하고, JNK의 발현을 억제하는 것을 통해 지방생성억제 및 항 당뇨 활성이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 L. rhamnosus BHN-LAB 76으로 발효한 흰목이버섯 추출물은 항비만 및 항당뇨 기능성 소재 및 식품 개발로의 활용이 가능할 수 있음을 제안한다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

씀바귀 80% 에탄올 추출물의 추출 수율은 12.6%를 나타내었으며, 추출물에 함유된 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $4.01{\pm}0.63$ GAE mg/g 와 $0.05{\pm}0.01$ RE mg/g을 나타내었다. 3가지의 항산화 측정 모델(DPPH, ABTS, reducing power)을 통하여 씀바귀 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과 씀바귀 추출물은 동일 농도에서 양성대조군으로 사용된 ascorbic acid보다는 낮은 항산화 활성을 가진 것으로 생각된다. 씀바귀 에탄올 추출물의 50, 100, 200 및 $400{\mu}g/mL$ 농도범위에서 세포독성을 측정한 결과, 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 없었으므로(p<0.05) 씀바귀 에탄올 추출물을 50, 100, 200 및 $400{\mu}g/mL$ 농도로 하여 항비만 활성을 평가한 결과 씀바귀 추출물을 처리한 지방세포는 모든 농도 범위에서 대조군과 비교하여 Oil red O 시약에 의하여 염색된 지방구는 유의적으로 적은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터, 씀바귀 추출물은 항산화 활성 및 지방세포 분화억제 효능을 갖으며, 천연물 유래 항산화제로써 활용가능성이 높은 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1338-1344
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• 2016

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of different concentrations of extracts of hot air-dried ramie leaf (HR) and freeze-dried ramie leaf (FR) in 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes. To analyze the effect on cell proliferation, cells were treated with $25{\mu}g/mL$ or $100{\mu}g/mL$ HR or FR extract for 2 days. Cell differentiation was evaluated by measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities and intracellular triglyceride content. Treatment with either HR or FR extracts inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. HR extract treatment inhibited the differentiation of both cell types more effectively than FR treatment. The extent of triglyceride accumulation decreased significantly in both cells following either HR or FR treatment. Furthermore, LPL activity significantly decreased after treatment with HR or FR extract. These results indicated that HR and FR extracts may inhibit proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and pig preadipocytes. Further studies are needed to explore the anti-obesity effect of HR and FR extracts.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.624-629
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 두 품종의 원두커피와 이를 Monascus ruber 홍국균으로 발효시킨 원두커피 열수추출물의 지방축적 억제활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 세포 내 triglyceride 생성 저해효과 및 주요 전사인자인 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$와 FAS 및 aP2의 발현을 측정하기 위해 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 성숙 지방세포로의 분화 유도와 함께 베트남 로부스타(VR), 홍국균으로 고체발효 한 베트남 로부스타(MR-VR), 발아현미(10, 20, 30%)를 첨가하여 홍국균으로 고체발효 한 베트남 로부스타(MR-VR10, MR-VR20, MR-VR30), 에티오피아 모카 시다모 G2(ES), 홍국균으로 고체발효 한 에티오피아 모카 시다모 G2(MR-ES), 발아현미(10, 20, 30%)를 첨가하여 홍국균으로 고체발효 한 에티오피아 모카 시다모 G2(MR-ES10, MR-ES20, MR-ES30) 원두커피의 열수추출물을 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도로 처리하였다. 연구 결과 대조군과 비교하여 커피추출물을 처리한 모든 실험군에서 유의적으로 지방구 생성이 감소하였다. 베트남 로부스타 품종이 에티오피아 모카 시다모 G2 품종보다 지방구 생성 및 지방분화 전사인자들인 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, FAS 및 aP2의 발현을 효과적으로 억제하였으며, 에티오피아 모카 시다모 G2 품종의 경우 원두커피 열수추출물을 처리한 실험군보다 홍국균으로 고체발효 한 원두커피의 열수추출물을 처리한 실험군에서 더 높은 지방분화 억제능을 나타냈다. 또한 전사인자들의 발현 정도는 지방분화 억제능의 결과와 유사하였다. 따라서 Monascus ruber 홍국균의 고체배양을 이용한 에피오티아 모카 시다모 G2 발효원두커피는 효과적인 항비만 기능성 식품으로서의 활용가치가 기대되며 로부스타 품종의 경우 다른 품종들보다 저렴한 원가를 감안할 때 베트남 로부스타 발효원두커피는 경제적인 기능성 커피음료 및 기능성 소재로서 산업적인 응용에 좋은 활용가치가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2014

Many recent studies have focused on maintaining a healthy life by preventing and/or postponing the aging process. Numerous studies have reported that continuous exposure to reactive oxygen species can stimulate skin aging and that excessive accumulation of fat can cause an impaired skin barrier and tissue structure alterations. Thus, the maintenance of antioxidant homeostasis and the suppression of adipose accumulation are important strategies for skin anti-aging. Here, we prepared three types of extracts [whole juice, acetone-perchloric acid (PCA), and ethanol] from 20 fruits and medicinal herbs native to the Gyeongnam area of Korea. The total phenolic content of each extract was analyzed, and we observed higher total phenolic contents in the medicinal herbs. Consistent with this, the results of the oxygen radical absorbance activity capacity assay indicated that the in vitro antioxidant activities of the medicinal herb extracts were stronger than those of the fruit extracts. The fruits and medicinal herbs had strong effects on cell-based systems, including $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes and 3T3-L1 lipid accumulation. Nishimura Wase persimmon, Taishu persimmon, wrinkled giant hyssop, sweet wormwood, Chinese cedar, red perilla, tan shen, hiyodori-jogo, and cramp bark may be natural anti-aging materials with effective antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities. Taken together, our findings may provide scientific evidence supporting the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals from fruits and medicinal herbs.