• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

We previously isolated cordycepin, guanosine and tryptophan from Cordyceps militaris as antiadipogenic constituents. For the quality control of C. militaris for anti-adipogenic activity, simultaneous analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD) was developed and validated. Quantitation of these compounds in various Cordyceps samples from different sources and various extraction methods were conducted using developed method. Our study shows that natural Cordyceps and host insect possess higher content than cultured ones and fruiting bodies, respectively. The content of cordycepin showed great difference in different C. militaris samples whereas trytophan content was similar in tested samples. Addition of water to extraction solvent greatly increased the yield of guanosine and tryptophan. High temperature and longer extraction time increased yield of guanosine, whereas the content of trytophan was decreased in high temperature during extraction with water. Extraction using ultrasonic apparatus slightly increased extraction efficiency. Cordycepin, however, has little variation in different extraction method tested. Strong anti-adipogenic activity was observed in the samples that contain all the three constituents. Taken together, quantitation of these compounds using developed analytical method might provide basic requirement for the anti-adipogenic activity of C. militaris.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2011

In the course of screening anti-adipogenic activity of natural products employing the preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1 as an in vitro assay system, the EtOAc fraction of the stem barks of Acer tegmentosum Maxim (Aceraceae) showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation as assessed by measuring fat accumulation using Oil Red O staining. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of active constituent, (+)-catechin. (+)-Catechin showed inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation in dose-dependent manner. Further studies with interval treatment demonstrated that (+)-catechin exerted inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation via acting on early stage of adipogenesis. Our present study also showed that (+)-catechin significantly inhibited the preadipocyte proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that (+)-catechin, a constituent of A. tegmentosum might contribute the anti-adipogenic activity of A. tegmentosum.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 5종의 주박과 누룩의 추출물 및 유기용매 분획물을 제조하고, 이들에 의한 지방세포형성억제, 항염증 및 항성장 활성을 연구하였다. 지방세포형성억제 활성 연구를 위하여 마우스 전지방 세포인 3T3-L1 세포주에 지방세포형성을 유도한 후 추출물 및 분획물 5종을 처리하였다. 처리한 시료 중 W-Ju의 에틸아세테이트 분획물(WPAc)이 가장 뚜렷한 지방세포형성 억제 활성을 보여 주었다. 이것은 oil red O 염색과 pro-adipogenic 유전자의 발현 감소에 의해 증명되었다. 또한, WPAc의 처리는 시간 의존적으로 PPAR-gamma 유전자의 발현을 감소시켰다. 항염증 연구를 위하여 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 5종의 시료에 의한 nitric oxide (NO) 생산에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 5종의 시료 중 B-Ju의 에틸아세테이트 분획물(PAc)의 처리에 의해 LPS로 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 NO 생산이 가장 높게 저해되었고, 또한 농도 의존적인 저해 양상을 보여 주었다. 게다가, PAc는 인간 대장암 세포주인 HCT116의 세포 생존율을 현저하게 감소시켰으며, 또한 농도의존적인 생존율 저해 양상을 보여 주었다. 또한, PAc는 NAG-1과 ATF3 유전자의 발현도 농도 의존적으로 감소 시켰다. 종합적으로, 이러한 연구결과는 주박과 누룩이 지방세포형성억제 활성, 항염증 활성 그리고 항성장 활성 등 다양한 생리활성을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.599-605
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Citrus flavonoids have a variety of physiological properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity. We investigated whether bioconversion of Citrus unshiu with cytolase (CU-C) ameliorates the anti-adipogenic effects by modulation of adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Glycoside forms of Citrus unshiu (CU) were converted into aglycoside forms with cytolase treatment. Cell viability of CU and CU-C was measured at various concentrations in 3T3L-1 cells. The anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects were examined using Oil red O staining and free glycerol assay, respectively. We performed real time-polymerase chain reaction and western immunoblotting assay to detect mRNA and protein expression of adipogenic transcription factors, respectively. RESULTS: Treatment with cytolase decreased flavanone rutinoside forms (narirutin and hesperidin) and instead, increased flavanone aglycoside forms (naringenin and hesperetin). During adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with CU or CU-C at a dose of 0.5 mg/ml. Adipocyte differentiation was inhibited in CU-C group, but not in CU group. CU-C markedly suppressed the insulin-induced protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) as well as the mRNA levels of $CEBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). Both CU and CU-C groups significantly increased the adipolytic activity with the higher release of free glycerol than those of control group in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CU-C is particularly superior in suppression of adipogenesis, whereas CU-C has similar effect to CU on stimulation of lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that bioconversion of Citrus unshiu peel extracts with cytolase enhances aglycoside flavonoids and improves the anti-adipogenic metabolism via both inhibition of key adipogenic transcription factors and induction of adipolytic activity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

Objectives : Adipogenesis was defined as a differentiation process of preadipocytes into the adipocytes. Thus, to control of this process can be one of the most important strategies to prevent obesity. Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs. Although multiple biological activities of Korean ginseng, particularly ginsenosides, have been known, the anti-adipogenic role and function of polysaccharides from Korean ginseng are still unclear. In this study, we examined anti-adipogenic activity of polysaccharides and its molecular basis mechanisms are further investigated.Methods : The cytotoxicity of KGP in 3T3-L1 was evaluated by MTT assay. Anti-adipogenic effect of KGP was examined by Oil Red O (ORO) staining and microscopy observation in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR). To elucidate the adipogenic molecular mechanism of KGT, SB431542 (TGF-β specific inhibitor) was used.Results : We found that polysaccharides showed no effect on the viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Dose dependent inhibitory effect of polysaccharides on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis was observed as judged by ORO staining and microscopic image analysis. To obtain further mechanistic insight into anti-adipogenic function of polysaccharides, we then tested the effect of polysaccharides treatment on the adipogenic marker genes. The mRNA expressions level of C/EBPα, PPARγ, C/EBPβ, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were dose-dependently inhibited by KGP treatment in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes.Conclusions : In conclusion, these findings suggest that the KGP could be used in treatment of obesity and overweight related diseases.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1292-1298
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of Ligularia stenocephala (L. stenocephala) extract. The contents of the total polyphenol of the extract was 55.950 mg GAE/g residue. Antioxidant activities of L. stenocephala were evaluated by free radical scavenging ability and a reducing power test. 2,2'azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ${\alpha}$-${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of the extract were approximately 90% and 70%, respectively. Reducing power of the extract was 258.833 mg TE/g residue. The anti-adipogenic activity of L. stenocephala extract was examined in 3T3-L1 cells. During adipocyte differentiation, the 3T3-L1 cells were treated both with and without the extract. L. stenocephala extract suppressed the lipid accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner in the 3T3-L1 cells. The L. stenocephala extract inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) proteins, compared with control adipocytes. These results indicate that L. stenocephala could be regarded as a potential source natural antioxidant and an anti-obesity agent.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2011

The dietary intake of whole grains is known to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. To investigate whether there are anti-adipogenic activities in various Korean cereals, we assessed water extracts of nine cereals. The results showed that treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, Setaria italica Beauvois, or Panicum miliaceum L. extract significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation, as determined by measuring oil red-O staining, triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Among the nine cereals, P. miliaceum L. showed the highest anti-adipogenic activity. The effects of P. miliaceum L. on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, and the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-${\alpha}$ were evaluated revealing that the extract significantly decreased the expression of these genes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, P. miliaceum L. extract changed the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in adipocytes, which is related to biological activity and cell characteristics. These results suggest that some cereals efficiently suppress adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In particular, the effect of P. miliaceum L. on adipocyte differentiation is associated with the downregulation of adipogenic genes and fatty acid accumulation in adipocytes.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2014

Previous our study demonstrated that ailanthoidol (3-deformylated 2-arylbenzo[b]furan), a neolignan from Zanthoxylum ailanthoides or Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is a novel anti-inflammatory agent. In this investigation, we examined the anti-adipogenic effect of ailanthoidol. Our data showed that ailanthoidol suppressed lipid droplet formation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Treatment of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes with ailanthoidol resulted in an attenuation of the releases of leptin and interleukin-6. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR){\gamma}$ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein $(C/EBP){\alpha}$, the central transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis, was decreased by treatment with ailanthoidol. Additionally, ailanthoidol treatment increased the phosphorylation levels of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. These results suggest that ailanthoidol effectively suppresses adipogenesis and that it exerts its role mainly through the significant down-regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ expression. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the anti-adipogenic activity of ailanthoidol.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2010

Objective: It has been reported that Polygonati rhizoma (Pr) has anti-hyperglycemia, anti-triglycemia, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor activity. Total extract of Pr was tested to identify anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 differentiation and molecular mechanism of Pr in 3T3-L1 differentiation. Methods: Differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte was induced in the presence of Pr extract and kaempferol. The level of lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red O staining. The expression of genes associated with adipocyte differentiation was measured by RT-PCR. Results: Extract of Pr and its component kaempferol reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 during adipogenesis and also reduced mRNA levels of genes associated with adipogenesis, such as adipsin, aP2, LPL, SERBP-1c and $PPAR{\gamma}$. Conclusions: In this study, we showed that the molecular mechanism of Pr and kaempferol activity is related to regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ expression and activation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2010

Piper nigrum Linne has been used spice as well as herbal medicine in worldwide and has function of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, bioavailability of drugs and etc. In this study, anti-adipogenic activity of Piper nigrum Linne extract and its constituent piperine were investigated in 3T3-L1 differentiation. Adipogenic effects and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 was measured by RT-PCR and Oil Red O staining assays respectively in stimulation of Piper nigrum Linne extract and piperine. Piper nigrum Linne and piperine reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 differentiation and expression of genes associated with adipogenesis such as PPAR${\gamma}$, adipsin, SERBP-1c and LPL. All of taken, anti-adipogenic mechanism of Piper nigrum Linne and piperine were related with regulation of SREBP-1c and PPAR${\gamma}$ expression.