• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2021

Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a traditional medicine for diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, hemorrhaging, insomnia, inflammation, and respiratory infections. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (SWE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of SWE, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with LPS to induce the production of inflammation-related factors, which were measured by western blotting. In RAW 264.7 cells, SWE inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) without causing cell toxicity. SWE also reduced the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor-α). The phosphorylation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family members, such as JNK and p38, were also reduced by SWE. Thus, SWE could be used as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2022.09a
• /
• pp.103-103
• /
• 2022

Ganghwaljetongyeum (GHJTY) is a complex herbal decoction comprising 18 plants; it is used to treat arthritis. In order to develop a new anti-arthritic herbal medication, we selected 5 out of 18 GHJTY plants by using bioinformatics analysis. The new medication, called ChondroT, comprised water extracts of Osterici Radix, Lonicerae Folium, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Clematidis Radix, and Phellodendri Cortex. This study was designed to investigate its chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects to develop an anti-arthritic herb medicine. ChondroT was validated using a convenient and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography. photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection method for simultaneous determination of its seven reference components. The concentrations of the seven marker constituents were in the range of 0.81-5.46 mg/g. The chondroprotective effects were evaluated based on SW1353 chondrocytes and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of ChondroT were studied by Western blotting of pro-inflammatory enzymes and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. ChondroT enhanced the growth of SW1353 chondrocytes and also significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced MMP-1 expression. However, ChondroT did not show any effects on the growth of HeLa and RAW264.7 cells. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells, which was significantly decreased by pre-treatment with ChondroT. In addition, ChondroT reduced the activation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, and nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results show that ChondroT exerted a chondroprotective effect and demonstrated multi-target mechanisms related to inflammation and arthritis. In addition, the suppressive effect was greater than that exhibited by GHJTY, suggesting that ChondroT, a new complex herbal medication, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of arthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.356-367
• /
• 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Dusokohwaeum (DOE). Methods: To measure the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DOE, the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents and radical scavenging activity were measured. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, and cytokine production were measured by treating lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells with DOE, and gene expression levels of inducible cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines were evaluated. Results: Radical scavenging experiments revealed a significant concentration-dependent increase in scavenging capacity. The production of ROS, nitric oxide, and cytokines in the cells showed a significant concentration-dependent decrease when compared with the control group. The gene expression levels of inducible cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines also showed a significant concentration-dependent decrease when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Interestingly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DOE were 23.42 ± 0.64 mg GAE/g and 20.83 ± 0.98 mg QE/g, respectively. The administration of DOE resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in scavenging ability in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability experiments. The production of intracellular ROS and nitric oxide was significantly reduced in the presence of DOE. The production of inflammatory cytokines (prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) was significantly reduced in the presence of DOE. Finally, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the presence of DOE.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.40-44
• /
• 2020

This study investigated the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura for medical and food additive applications. A 70% methanol extract of A. iwayomogi Kitam. was fractionated with a series of solvents in order of increasing polarity; these fractionated extracts showed high 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) scavenging activity in the ethyl acetate fractions and high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in both the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. Levels of total phenolics and flavonoids were highest in the ethyl acetate fraction extracts. Eight bacteria were then treated with the A. iwayomogi Kitam. extract fractions and most showed similar or lower levels of anti-bacterial activity when compared to the control group, except for Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the anti-oxidant activities of the ethyl acetate fractions of the A. iwayomogi Kitam. extract were higher than those of the other fractions. To confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract fractions, we applied them to RAW 264.7 cells using LPS, and the results indicate that an ethyl acetate fraction at 250 ㎍/ml concentration inhibits nitric oxide production. This study demonstrates that an ethyl acetate fraction of A. iwayomogi Kitam. extract inhibits bacterial and inflammatory activities and could be useful as a potential source of bioactive compounds.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.32-56
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic and antimicrobial effects of the three herbal prescription (EST, SCT, WDT), which has been traditionally used for treating leukorrhea induced by various infections in the female genital tract. Methods: In this experiment, the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by Nitric oxide (NO), $Interlukine-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), Interlukine-2 (IL-2), Interlukine-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), Leukotriene $B_4$ ($LTB_4$) production amount and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression levels in RAW264.7 cells. And the anti-pruritic effects were evaluated by Histamine, Acetylcholine (ACh), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Substance P production amount in Mast cell/9 (MC/9) and Pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. The anti-microbial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Results: As a result of measuring anti-inflammatory efficacy, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ production amounts were significantly reduced in the EST, SCT, WDT extraction groups compared with the control group, and significantly decreased the amount of $NF-{\kappa}B$, iNOS, and COX-2 gene expression and the amount of Phospho-Inhibitor kappa B alpha ($p-I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$)/Inhibitor kappa B alpha ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 protein expression. In addition, As a result of measuring the anti-pruritic effect, the amounts of histamine, ACh and Substance P were significantly decreased, and AChE production was slightly decreased, but it's significance did not appear. Finally the anti-microbial effects of EST, SCT, WDT extraction groups against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was inhibited, however the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was not inhibited. Conclusions: These data suggest that EST, SCT, WDT can be used to treat patients with leukorrhea.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.170-177
• /
• 2022

In mountainous regions, wild herbs which can also be edible in nature for humans and animals possess a wide array of biologically diversified properties. It is because of the fact that due to the cold weather of mountains; they are enriched in certain kinds of phytochemicals such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and many more. One such kind of an herb is Aster scaber (AS) in Korean. It is a widely cultivated culinary herb in Korean peninsula and used as a side dish in Korean culinary cuisine. In view of its extensive use in cuisine, we geared to unravel the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of AS in murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S). 2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays revealed a dose dependent (7.8~1,000 ㎍/mL) inhibition of oxidation by AS 70% ethanol (ASE) extract as compared to Trolox and Ascorbic acid respectively. Nitric oxide assay (NO) showed a dose dependent decrease (5~40 ㎍/mL) in MH-S cells with ASE when stimulated with Coal Fly Ash (CFA). Moreover, this dose for NO reduction was also found to be least cytotoxic for cells as determined by cellular viability (MTT) assay. The gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and were also dose dependently inhibited by ASE in MH-S cells through RT-PCR. Therefore, in light of these findings, AS exhibited a strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. These results also justify the extensive use of this mountainous herb in culinary practices for beneficial effects on human health.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.1547-1556
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to check the anti-bacterial ability against Malassezia furfur by mixing Szygium aromaticum and Coptis japonica extracts and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability by creating an optimal mixture. Szygium aromaticum and Coptis japonica were extracted with 70% ethanol, 100% methanol, and water to evaluate the antibacterial ability, and it was confirmed that 100% methanol extract of Szygium aromaticum and Coptis japonica water extract had the highest anti-bacterial ability. In addition, when the two extracts were mixed and the anti-bacterial ability was evaluated by ratio, the ratio of 9:1 showed the best activity, and it was confirmed that the antioxidant activity of the mixture was excellent. In Raw 264.7 cells, LPS was used to induce inflammatory responses and confirmed anti-inflammatory activity at 1, 10, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL that did not affect survival, and it was confirmed that NO-production inhibition and IL-6 expression inhibition and COX2 and iNOS protein expression inhibition activity were excellent at 10, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL. Through this study, it is thought that the mixture of Szygium aromaticum100% methanol extract and Coptis japonica water extract can be used as a natural ingredient in functional cosmetics because of its excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food and Cookery Science Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.69-69
• /
• 2003

This study was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of Dioscorea daemona stem on the inflammatory reactions and antioxidant system in vivo. The methanolic extract of Dioscorea daemona stem, administered by gavage at the dose of 0.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, showed anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic (typeIV) effects in different test models. We also showed that plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation and HDL cholesterol levels are affected by administration (0.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg body weight, for 3 weeks) of Dioscorea daemona stem extract in rats. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 2015

Water chestnut (Trapa japonica Flerov.) is an annual aquatic plant. In the present study, we showed that the treatment of water chestnut extracted with boiling water resulted in a significant increase 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and decrease the intracellular $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, water chestnut extract (WCE) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production and suppressed mRNA and protein expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. The cytokine array results showed that WCE inhibited inflammatory cytokine secretion. Also, WCE reduced tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$- and interleukin-6-induced nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ activity. Furthermore, during sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced irritation of human skin, WCE reduced SLS-induced skin erythema and improved barrier regeneration. These results indicate that WCE may be a promising topical anti-inflammatory agent.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2004

The author has tested the clinical efficacy and safety of an anti-inflammatory drug in patients with inflammation of the otnrhinolaryngology. Deoxyribonuclease prepared from bovine pancreas destroyed fibers and reduced the viscosity of the exudates. Bromelain is a group of proteolytic enzymes which are known to have an effect on inflammation, swelling, and pain in inflammatory disorders. The mucolytic and anti-inflammatory properties of deoxyribonuclease associated with bromelain in inflammation of otorhinolaryngology were assessed in 67 patients. A standard dose of 3 tablets of deoxyribonuclease bromelain tablet was given for not less than 7 days. In all tile groups of patients considered, the drug showed a considerable therapeutic effectiveness. At the end of 7-28 days treatment, more than $89.6\%$ of treatment was improved. These findings suggest that it could be permitted to use deoxyribonuclease-bromelain tablet in patients with inflammation of the otorhinolaryngology.