• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting trait anger level in undergraduate students. Methods: The participants consisted of 315 undergraduate students at the universities in the P and D cities. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression with the SPSS/Win 20.0 program. Results: The low trait anger group showed lower levels of anger-out, anger-in and depression compared to the high trait anger group. The anger-control and positive thinking were higher in the low trait anger group than that of high trait anger group. The result of multiple stepwise regression showed that both depression and anger-out were predictors in trait anger in the both groups. In the low trait anger group, anger-control, anger-in, depression, and anger-out were significant factors of trait anger, which accounted for 31% of the total variance. High trait anger level was affected by depression, anger-out and positive thinking, which explained 40% of trait anger. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that anger management program for undergraduate students should consider trait anger level as well as approaches with customized strategies according to trait anger level.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.161-168
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating effects of anger level on the effects of middle school students' school adjustment on smartphone addiction. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, the following research problems were set up. First, what is the relationship between Chinese smartphone addiction, anger level, and school adjustment of Chinese middle school students? Second, what is the effect of smartphone addiction on middle school students' anger level and school adjustment? Third, what is the mediating effect of the level of anger in the process of affecting the school adjustment to smartphone addiction by Chinese middle school students? The subjects of this study were five city schools and seven municipal schools in J-do, among which 450 students were enrolled from April 23 to May 18, 2018. A total of 439 copies were used for the analysis, except for 11 unexplained questionnaires or unfairly responded to the collected questionnaires. The conclusions based on the results of this study are as follows. First, there are negative correlations between the sub-factors of smartphone addiction and the sub-factors of school adjustment. Among them, tolerance is only positively correlated with the peer relationship. The sub-factors of smartphone addiction have negatively correlated with anger expression, anger control, and anger suppression. Second, the effect of sub-factors of smartphone addiction on the level of anger was 3.6%, and the effect on school adjustment was 4.2%. Third, The anger level of the middle school students affected the school adjustment by the smartphone addiction has a partial mediating effect of 0.8%.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2015

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types of adolescent women and investigate the relationship between the identified anger-expression types and their problem behaviors and suicide probability. Methods: The participants were 942 students at two female high school located in Gwangju. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ multiple comparison test. Results: Cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct anger expression types; Anger-out, Low anger expression, Anger-control, and Anger-in/out types. Female adolescent women had a higher level of trait anger or who frequently used the anger-in/out type reported internalized-externalized problem behaviors and suicide probability more frequently compared to those who frequently used the other three types of anger expression. Conclusion: Female adolescent women who had the low anger expression type and anger control type managed anger most effectively. The findings suggest the necessity of a development of the program for lowering the trait anger level and controlling the unfavorable anger expression types such as the anger-in/out.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the level of anger, anger expression, depression, psychosomatic symptom and perceived health status, and to identify the influencing factors of anger expression in shelter residents. Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected from 407 homeless people residing at 27 shelters using structured instrument. Results: The level of anger expression was different by age, educational level, existence of children, and duration of shelter residency. Anger expression was significantly correlated with depression, psychosomatic symptoms and perceived health status. The predictors of high-level anger expression was younger age, low educational level, duration of shelter residency in Model 1 (F=6.884, p<.001, Adj. $R^2=.065$, and depression and psychosomatic symptoms in Model 2 (F=7.197, p<.001, Adj. $R^2=.113$. Conclusion: This study suggested that the homeless in the shelters had various psychological vulnerabilities, and therefore more individualized programs based on their needs and psychological health status should be provided for the homeless.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.157-167
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• 2010

This study examined the relationships among children's attachment to the mother, trait anger, anger expression style, and emotional-behavioral problems in children. The subjects were 384 5th and 6th graders at elementary schools in J and G cities of Jeonbuk-Do. The instruments were Revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA-R), Stat-Trait Anger Expression Inventory - Korean version (STAXI-K), and Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). The major results are as follows; The level of children's attachment to the mother was negatively related to anger and emotional-behavioral problems, and the level of trait anger was positively related to emotional-behavioral problems. Children who have high anger expression and anger suppression tended to show more externalized behavior problems. Finally, the regression analysis showed that children's attachment to the mother and anger are revealed as significant factors in emotional-behavioral problems.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to make a comparison on anger level between patients with coronary artery diseases and healthy individuals. 233 patients with coronary artery diseases and 215 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The Anger Expression Scale, the anger and aggression subscales of the Stress Response Inventory(SRI) and the hostility subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-revised(SCL-90-R) were used to assess the level of anger. The patients with coronary artery diseases scored significantly higher on the anger-out and anger total subscales of the anger expression scale, the anger and aggression subscales of the SRI than the normal controls. The patients with angina pectoris had significantly higher scores in the anger-out and anger-total subscale than those with myocardial infarction. Male subjects scored significantly higher on the anger-in subscale than females, whereas female subjects scored significantly higher on the anger-out subscale than male subjects. These results suggest that patients with coronary artery diseases are likely to have a higher level of anger or anger expression than normal controls and that there may be difference in anger expression between male and female patients. It is emphasized that anger management is needed to prevent the coronary artery disease patients from aggravating the illness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1371-1378
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the relation of trait anger and anger expression to blood pressure, cholesterol, and depression in middle-aged Korean women. Methods: This descriptive correlational design was conducted using a convenient sample taken from the health center of K University Hospital located in Kyungki province, Korea. The subjects were 252 women aged 40 to 64 years. Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory - Korean version and Beck's depression inventory were used for measuring trait anger, state anger, anger expression and depression. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation, two-way ANOVA, and cluster analysis using a pc-SAS program. Results: The anger expression types by cluster analysis were Anger out/in type, Low anger expression type, and Anger control type. The level of cholesterol and depression were significantly higher in women with high anger in and high trait anger. In addition, the level of depression was significantly higher in women with a high anger temperament. Conclusions: Trait anger and anger in might be related to cholesterol and depression in women. However, this study does not reveal the relation between blood pressure and trait anger and anger expression.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-21
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was identify the level of stress, anger and anger expression in the clinical setting and identify the relation ships between anger and stress of nursing students in the clinical setting. A convenient sample of 213 junior college of nursing students was used for the study. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The average stress score in the clinical setting of subjects was 3.87. The higher level of stress in the clinical setting was 4.10 in domain of nurses, 4.10 in domain of human relationships, 4.07 in domain of report and 3.89 in domain of relationship between nursing theory and practice. 2. The average state-anger score of subjects was 1.54. 3. The average anger-out score of anger expression mode was 1.66 and 2.36 in anger-in. 4. The state-anger was found significantly related to stress of nursing students in the clinical setting (r=0.256 p<0.001). In the relationship between state- anger and stress in the clinical setting, environment, patient relationship, between nursing theory and practice, nurses, report, orientation were significantly positive correlation . 5. The anger-out of anger expression mode was not found significantly related to stress of nursing students in the clinical setting. 6. The anger-in of anger expression mode was found significantly related to stress of nursing students in the clinical setting (r=0.205 p<0.01). In the relationship between anger-in of anger expression mode and stress in the clinical setting, environment, patient, nurses, human relationships, conference were significantly positive correlation.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the high school-girls' trait-state anger, personal relationship position in class and bullying behaviors, and to develope the nursing intervention to prevent the damages of young people's mind according to the bullying conditions. Method : The objects of this study chose from the girls high schools in 'D' city and 233 students answered the questions. The data were collected from June. 11 to 20. 2001. The major instruments used for this study were Trait Anger-State Anger Scale(Chon, 1995) to inquire the level of anger and Bullying Behaviors Scale(Kim, 2000) and personal relationship position in class. Statistical analysis for the research included descriptive statistics, t-test and correlational analysis, and for the analysis of data the SPSS program was used. Result : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) Total participant's trait anger had a positive correlation with state anger and bullying behaviors. Also, state anger was positively correlated to bullying behaviors. 2) The participants in the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of trait anger and bullying behaviors than those in the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 3) According to personal relationship position of the class, central group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of trait anger and bullying behaviors than those of the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 4) Also, central group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of bullying behaviors than peripheral group in the same classes. 5) The peripheral group of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon showed higher score of bullying behaviors than those of the classes with non-perceived bullying phenomenon. 6) Central group's trait anger of the classes with perceived bullying phenomenon had a positive correlation to state anger and bullying behaviors. Also, central group's state anger was positively correlated to bullying behaviors. conclusion : In conclusion, the level of trait anger and state anger in high school girls affected to occur the bullying behaviors in students and especially, the trait anger in central group students was primary factor for the effect.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of study was to extend the understanding and knowledge of hwa-byung by identify the relationship between anger and depression level in hwa-byung patients. Method : The subjects in this study were 69 hwa-byung patients who hwa-byung clinic in oriental hospital. The data were collected through the personal interviews with questionnaires and the period for data collection was from March. to June. 2001. The tools of the measurement were the anger scale that developed by Spielberg and translated by June, et al. The tools of the measurement were the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) that developed by Radloff and translated by Shin. The data was analyzed by the SPSS computer program that included the descriptive statistics, $X^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation. Result : 1. The mean score for anger was 17.4, 24.9, and the mean score of depression was 20.3. 2. There was the significant difference in the score for anger according to the age(t=7.02, p=.000), the marital status(t=3.34, p=.001), the average monthly income(t=5.48, p=.000), the occupation (t=2.18, p=.031). 3. There was the significant difference in the score for depression according to the age(t=3.58, p=.016), education(t=6.35, p=.002), the average monthly income(t=11.37, p=.000), 4. Anger in Hwa-byung patients showed significant correlation with depression level(r=.405, p=.000). Conclusion : From this study, a relationship between anger and depression in hwa-byung patients was identified. Therefore, nursing interventions are needed to assessment anger and depression level with hwa-byung patients.