• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.234-254
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• 1999

Volunteering has been defined as a form of altruistic helping behavior directed at improving other's welfare. Volunteering is, however, also identified as a type of collective action for community welfare. In this regard, this study tests whether neighborhood member's network and collective identity are more important determinants to explain participation in volunteer work than altruistic or normative motivation. This study estimates a model in which volunteering is determined by empathy, normative beliefs, neighborhood networks(friendship, contacts, and integration), and identity as a neighborhood member. This study shows that empathy, normative beliefs, and collective identity as a neighborhood member have significant impacts on participation in volunteer work. In addition, this study reveals that neighborhood member's network has an indirect impact on volunteering through identity as a neighborhood member. These results suggest that neighbor-hood community member's ties and collective identity are important sources for community welfare and collective volunteer work.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

It has been very important to have an exact evaluation for risk factors in order to prevent WMSDs(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders). However, most WMSDs evaluation methods have always been some problems of possibilities associated with subjective evaluation. Therefore, this study tried to conduct a sort of usability analysis on three major evaluation methods(OWAS, RULA, REBA). Specifically, major subjects in the study consisted of three parts as follows; comparison of the results between experienced and inexperienced observers, analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different evaluation times, and analysis for the consistency of the results in terms of different job characteristics(based on the part of the automobile). The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1) There was statistically significant difference of the results by RULA and by REBA between experienced and inexperienced observers. This might be due to the fact that experienced observers have had better ability to detect the important working posture during evaluation. However, the results by OWAS did not give any significantly different results between experienced and inexperienced observers, 2) All three checklists applied by experienced subjects did not show any single result significantly different in terms of different evaluation times. This might have to do with high intra-observer reliability from some of previous studies, 3) The five parts of an automobile were selected as five major jobs with different job characteristics in the automobile industry. Specifically, they were door part, front part(hood, etc.), inside part(dash board, seats, etc.), rear part(trunk etc.), and bottom part. All three methods did not show any significant differences for the results from each observers. Further study on this subject would eventually provide a sophisticated evaluating guidelines for WMSDs regarding determination of observer-specific evaluation, identification of repetitive number of evaluations for stable results for each checklist, determination of job-specific evaluation methods, and so on.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2020

In this study, a deep learning-based tillage boundary detection method for autonomous tillage by a tractor was developed, which consisted of image cropping, object classification, area segmentation, and boundary detection methods. Full HD (1920 × 1080) images were obtained using a RGB camera installed on the hood of a tractor and were cropped to 112 × 112 size images to generate a dataset for training the classification model. The classification model was constructed based on convolutional neural networks, and the path boundary was detected using a probability map, which was generated by the integration of softmax outputs. The results show that the F1-score of the classification was approximately 0.91, and it had a similar performance as the deep learning-based classification task in the agriculture field. The path boundary was determined with edge detection and the Hough transform, and it was compared to the actual path boundary. The average lateral error was approximately 11.4 cm, and the average angle error was approximately 8.9°. The proposed technique can perform as well as other approaches; however, it only needs low cost memory to execute the process unlike other deep learning-based approaches. It is possible that an autonomous farm robot can be easily developed with this proposed technique using a simple hardware configuration.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.134-139
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• 2010

According to the "Yearbook of disaster response, fire safety and fire statistics (NEMA: National Emergency Management Agency)", approximately 34% of all fire is interior fire such as hotel, restaurant and residence and more than 53% of which is occurring in the kitchen. The evaluation of fire extinguishing system in the kitchen is performed in accordance with the "Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Standard (KOFEIS 0101-1)" which is using one environmental condition. However, only using one environmental condition is not enough to evaluate the performance of the automatic fire extinguisher in kitchen fire. So the study of fire detecting characteristic about various environmental condition needs. In this study, the numerical analysis is carried out about detecting time characteristic for various range's surrounding environment. As a result, it showed up to 100 s difference in the detection time depending on the position of the range. And detecting time also showed difference for on-off hood operation. From this results, it can be verify and improve the evaluation standard for the fire extinguishing system in kitchen fire.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

Modern cities are changing to 'smart cities' dramatically with the introduction and development of the fourth industrial revolution technologies. Among these technologies blockchain is unique because it not only embraces technological innovation but also societal revolution. Therefore, blockchain is expected to play a pivotal role for contributing comprehensive development of smart city. The current research and policy atmosphere in Korea, however, is that blockchain is just a new technology and its broader impacts are overlooked. This study argues that blockchain has significant effects on smart cities not only from technological perspectives but also from social, economic, institutional, governmental perspectives. Further, this study suggests three categories that blockchain can help the development of smart city: technology, socio-economic, and governance, with examples of existing blockchin projects. However, these projects have been builting separately without any interaction under the common hood of 'smart city'. To emhance influences of blockchain on smart cities in positive ways, private companies, policy maker, and citizend are supposed to consider and discuss about publi sector's blockchain that is commonly used in at the smart city level.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.670-681
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• 2017

Firefighting hoods protect the head, face, and neck areas of officials while they perform firefighting services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the head size of Korean firefighting officials in order to establish the dimensions necessary to construct firefighting hoods. A total of 98 male firefighting officials participated in this study and 11 body dimensions, necessary for the construction of firefighting hoods, were measured. The data collected from the firefighting officials were compared to the general adult male data from the Size Korea national anthropometric study. The heights, weights, head circumferences, head heights, and bitragion arcs of the firefighters were significantly larger than those of general adult males, which shows that firefighting officials generally have larger body and head sizes than general adult males. Based on the results of Pearson's correlation coefficients, head circumference and head height were judged to be the important measurements for the construction of the firefighting hoods. Thus, these two measurements were chosen as the basic dimensions of the cross tabulation analysis. As a result, head circumferences of 57.00~60.99cm and head heights of 23.00~25.99 cm were found to be important measurement ranges among the firefighters. This study is expected to be used as the basis for the creation of firefighting hoods that help to ensure the safe rescue activities for firefighting officials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.166-175
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• 2005

Health effects associated with metal working fluid (MWF) exposures include dermatitis, respiratory disease, hypersensitive pneumonitis, and asthma. Frequently, occupational exposures to MWFs are controlled by ventilating an enclosure with an air cleaning unit that includes a fan preceded by various kinds of filtration. There are several kinds of air cleaning units used in machining centers. But the associated troubles have hindered from efficiently using these devices. The main problem is the relatively short period of filter replacement. The reason is that the air cleaning units usually do not have the de-oiling systems, thus leading the earlier clogging of filters and reducing the flow rate of hood. Thus, the first stage of study was conducted to overcome this problem by developing the new oil mist collector equipped with the easy de-oiling system. The principle of de-oiling is that the centrifugal force generated by spinning the drum covered by filter fabric separates oils from the filter fabric. It would be very similar to the spin-dry laundry. By adopting this de-oiling technique, the problems associated with the conventional oil mist collectors could be solved. Several tests/analyses were performed to make the lab-scale oil mist collector. The collection efficiencies and the de-oiling efficiencies of commercially available filter fabrics were tested. Subsequently, the endurance test were conducted by observing SEM photos of filter fabrics and measuring tensile strength/expansion coefficient after spinning the filter drum for 20 minutes at the different rotation speeds. By doing these experiments, the most appropriate filter fabric and rotation speed/duration were selected. Finally, the new oil mist collector was designed. In the near future, this device must be tested in the real machining center.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.589-594
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• 1999

There are some problems in inhalation sedation of non-cooperative pediatric patients. Usually the pediatric patients reject the nasal hood and there's no cooperation for administration of nitrous oxide gas. In mouth breathing patient, other technics of sedation such as intravenous or oral sedation or general anesthesia were recommended. Common causes of mouth breathing are common cold, allergic rhinitis, sinus problem, anatomical disorder, and habitual mouth-breathing. However in some patient not indicated the general anesthesia and high failure rate in oral and intravenous sedation. Administration of $N_2O-O_2$ with suction catheter was applied in full mouth breathing patient. Clinically effective sedation were occurred during procedure about 45 to 55 minutes. There's no any side effects by $N_2O-O_2$ inhalation sedation. The patients awoke at the end of the procedure and received 100% oxygen for 2-3 minutes. There's still some problems in use of the suction catheter such as air pollution of operation theater and elevate arterial carbon dioxide tension.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-126
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• 2009

In the recent years, health effect of dimethylformamide(DMF) has been one of critical industrial hygiene issues. There might be many factors to increase the exposure level of DMF. Among those factors, industrial ventilation would be one of the main factors. In this study, industrial ventilation systems of printing processes in synthetic leather factories were thoroughly surveyed and the improved ventilation systems were proposed. 7 synthetic leather factories were selected for this study. After the ventilation systems were visually inspected, each component of the system was tested by using the appropriate instruments. Hood face velocities, fan exhaust flow rates, fan static pressures, fan rotation rates, etc were measured. In addition, flow visualization techniques were used to observe flow patten around hoods and inside the factory buildings. After gathering all qualitative and quantitative information, the test results were analysed to see if any improvement might be necessary. For the system to be improved, the re-design plans were made by using computational fluid dynamics softwares. The softwares used in this study were AIRPAK and STAR-CD. The effectiveness of the several improvement options were tested, then the best cost effective option was selected. Finally, the standard ventilation systems were proposed to minimize the exposure levels of DMF.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

Fire-resistant boom is one of the most important facilities in in situ homing of spilled oil. Thermal response of a fire-resistant boom to turning is experimentally investigated in this paper by using an electric furnace and a burning test facility. This test facility is composed of a test tank, a fire boom, a hood for inhaling smoke, an incinerator for burning up gases and thermocouples, etc. Thereby a systematic method of approach in small laboratory scale is developed to study the performance of a fire-resistant boom. Burning test is carried out for the fire boom model which has been developed through the present study. It is shown that the present fire boom model has capability to withstand the high temperature around 800℃ and high rate of heat flux on it due to homing. For more realistic experimental environments, larger dimensions in devices and longer time in experiments are recommended in near future.