• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.508-519
• /
• 2024

In this study, in order to evaluate the possibility of using Jubak as a functional cosmetic material, evaluation of antioxidant activity according to fractions and anti-wrinkle efficacy in CCD-986sk cells, a human fibroblast, were conducted. As a result of confirming the antioxidant activity by measuring ABTS⁺ radical scavenging ability, Jubak's Ethyl Acetate fractions was found to be 75.5% at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml, showing the highest antioxidant activity among the extraction solvents. The wrinkle improvement effect was confirmed by measuring the inhibitory activity of elastase and collagenase, and in both test results, Jubak's Ethyl Acetate fractions showed the highest efficacy at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml. As a result of measuring the synthesis rate of pro-collagen type I in CCD-986sk cells induced by UVB, Jubak showed the highest efficacy in the order of Ethyl Acetate, Water, Acetonitrile, and Hexan fractions at the same concentration of 20 ㎍/ml. As a result of measuring the inhibition rate of MMP-1, a collagen degrading enzyme, all four solvent fractions showed an efficacy of more than 70% at 20 ㎍/ml. As a result of measuring the mRNA expression levels of pro-collagen type I, MMP-1, and MMP-3 in a real-time PCR experiment, the protein expression level of pro-collagen type I increased when treated with Jubak fractions compared to the UVB group alone. The mRNA expression levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were confirmed to be decreased, and Ethyl Acetate fractions was the most effective in improving wrinkles after the control group (EGCG). As a result, it was confirmed that the Ethyl Acetate fractions among Jubak's solvent fractions has an anti-wrinkle effect against photoaging caused by UVB stimulation, and is expected to be used as a natural material for cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.289-318
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify users behavioral characteristics for using the online catalog opened in May 1996 at Duksung Women's University Library. 278 student users were surveyed from October 4th to 8th in 1996. Major findings are as follows. 1. Most users$(87.4\%)$ prefer the online catalog to the card catalog and regard the online catalog easy to use$(89.6\%)$ 2. $(65.8\%)$ of users are active users who frequently use the online catalog at least 10 times or more per semester. 3. $10.4\%$ of users feel the online catalog difficult because they do not know how to use it. 4. Most users prefer the menu search mode among menu, command and fill-in-blank search modes offered by DISCOVER. The most preferred access points are the title for known-item search and subject headings for subject search. 5. User's attitude toward the online catalog is very favorable$(83.5\%)$, however, the search success rate is rather low $(77.0\%)$ compared to that of the card catalog $(87.0\%)$ 6. The title and author are regarded easy to use among access points offered by DISCOVER. Classification numbers and call numbers are the least easy access points to use. 7. Since users show lack of knowledge of how to use the online catalog, education and training programs on the online catalog use for users are needed. 8. Users showed different search patterns for pursuing different search goals. The most preferred access points are the title for known-item search and subject headings for subject search. These search behaviors are different from those in using the card for both the known-item search and subject search was the title.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2010

The subjects of this study were patients at scaling practice, the total number of the subjects was 249 of 138 men and 111 women. The results were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. 1. In oral health care, among tooth brushing methods, scrub method was found to be 65.9%(164 patients), and 83.9%(209 patients) did not use oral care aids. 2. Mean calculus index was $0.57{\pm}0.22$. 3. For calculus index per tooth brushing method, there was statistically significant difference in all of the upper jaw, the lower jaw, the anterior portion, and the posterior portion(p < 0.05). 4. For calculus index per frequency of tooth brushing, there was statistically significant difference in the upper jaw, the lower jaw, and the posterior portion(p < 0.05). 5. For calculus index per time of tooth brushing and per use of oral care aids, there was statistically significant difference in all of the upper jaw, the lower jaw, the anterior portion, and the posterior portion(p < 0.05). 6. For factors influencing calculus index, as a result of applying stepwise method based on 0.05 of significance level, age, use of oral care aids, sex, and time of tooth brushing were found to influence calculus index. Final regression model was calculus index = $0.362^*age+0.216^*$use of oral care aids - $0.161*sex-0.127^*$time of tooth brushing, and explanatory power of the model was 23.4%. $0.362^*age+0.216^*$use of oral care aids - $0.161^*sex-0.127^*$time of tooth brushing, and explanatory power of the model was 23.4%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.231-243
• /
• 2020

Purpose: To determine the metabolic influence of the traditional Korean diet (K-diet), which has been regarded as a healthy diet, we investigated the profile of urine organic acids that are intermediates of various types of metabolism including energy metabolism. Methods: Ten women aged 50-60 years were recruited and randomly divided into 2 diet groups, K-diet and control diet, the latter of which is a Westernized Korean diet that is commonly consumed by Koreans nowadays. Before and after the 2-week intervention, 46 urine organic acids were determined using LC/MS/MS, along with clinical parameters. Results: The average concentrations of succinate (4.14 ± 0.84 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 1.49 ± 0.11, p = 0.0346) and hydroxymethylglutarate (3.67 ± 0.36 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 2.97 ± 0.29, p = 0.0466), both of which are intermediates of energy metabolism, decreased in the K-diet group after the 2-week intervention, but these were not observed in the control diet group. In particular, the average concentration of succinate in the K-diet group was lower than that in the control group (3.33 ± 0.56 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 1.49 ± 0.11, p = 0.0284) after 2 weeks. The concentrations of two tryptophan metabolites, 5-hydroxyindolacetate (3.72 ± 0.22 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 3.14 ± 0.21, p = 0.0183) and indican (76.99 ± 8.35 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 37.89 ± 10.06, p = 0.0205) also decreased only in the K-diet group. After the 2-week intervention, the concentration of kynurenate, another tryptophan metabolite, was lower in the K-diet group than that in the control diet group (3.96 ± 0.51 ㎍/mg creatinine vs. 2.90 ± 0.22, p = 0.0356). Interestingly, the urine level of kynurenate was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.61424, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (r = 0.46979, p = 0.0088), which decreased only in the K-diet group (239.40 ± 15.14 mg/dL vs. 198.20 ± 13.25, p = 0.0163). Conclusion: The K-diet alters the urinary excretion of organic acids involved in energy metabolism and tryptophan metabolism, suggesting the influence of the K-diet on these types of metabolism. Urine organic acids changed by the K-diet may serve as biomarkers in future studies.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 2018

The recovery of rare earth elements (REE) including La, Nd and Ce from spent batteries is important issues to reuse scarce resources. Herein, we present a simple recovery process to obtain lanthanum oxide ($La_2O_3$) from spent Ni-MH batteries, and demonstrate the conversion mechanism from $NaLa(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ to $La_2O_3$. This strategy requires the initial preparation of $NaLa(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ and subsequent metathesis reaction with $Na_2CO_3$ at $70^{\circ}C$. This metathesis reaction resulted in the crystalline lanthanum carbonate hydrate ($La_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$) powder with plate-like morphology. On the basis of TGA result, the $La_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$ powder was calcined in air at three different temperatures, that is, $300^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, and $1000^{\circ}C$. As the calcination temperature increased, the morphology of powder was changed; prism-like ($NaLa(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$) ${\rightarrow}$ platelike ($La_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$) ${\rightarrow}$ aggregated irregular shape ($La_2O_3$). Futhermore, XRD results indicated that the crystalline $La_2O_3$ could be synthesized after the metathesis reaction with $Na_2CO_3$, followed by heat-treatment at $1000^{\circ}C$, along with a change of crystallographic structures; $NaLa(SO_4)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ ${\rightarrow}$ $La_2(CO_3)_3{\cdot}xH_2O$ ${\rightarrow}$ $La_2O_3$.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.71-83
• /
• 2018

Recently, there are many efforts to define the field of entrepreneurship as an area of independent study. According to Shane & Venkataraman, the study of entrepreneurship is moving toward understanding the combination of entrepreneurial individual and valuable opportunity in becoming entrepreneurs. In Korea, entrepreneurship education is spreading widely on the basis of universities and in 2010 the entrepreneurship major was created in Sookmyung Women's University for the first time in Korea. The results of this study are as follows. First, there are many research about examining the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship intention. Nevertheless, there are lack of the study focusing on the opportunity recognition which many scholars have recognized as the independent study field of entrepreneurship domain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of satisfaction of entrepreneurship major education on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and to examine the mediating effect of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition according to educational commitment. The questionnaires were carried out for 3 weeks to entrepreneurship major students in Sookmyung Woment's University. A total of 84 surveys were collected and statistically analyzed by the R program. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the satisfaction of education positively influences the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. Commitment also has a full mediating effect on the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. The results of this analysis confirm that the ability to recognize entrepreneurial opportunity is developed by entrepreneurship education, and during the study students' commitment has an important role in the relationship between educational satisfaction and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. The results were verified through empirical analysis. Satisfaction with entrepreneurship education and awareness of entrepreneurship opportunities through entrepreneurship can be anticipated as entrepreneurship activities in the future.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.444-450
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of whole body positron emission tomography (PET) using $^{18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose$ ($^{18}F-FDG$) for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 1,762 men and 259 women who voluntarily underwent $^{18}F-FDG$ PET for cancer screening as a part of a routine health examination. Final diagnosis was decided by other diagnostic studies, pathological results or clinical follow-up for 1 year. Results: Of 2,021 subjects, 40 (2.0%) were finally proved to have cancer. Abnormal focal $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake suggesting malignancy was found in 102 subjects (5.0%). Among them, 21 subjects (1.0%) were proved to have cancer. Other tests in the routine health examination could not find 9 of 21 cancers (42.9%) detected by PET. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PET for cancer screening were 52.5%, 95.9%, 20.6%, and 99.0%, respectively. Pathologies of cancers missed on PET were adenocarcinoma (n = 9; 3 colon cancers, 3 prostate cancers, 2 stomach cancers, and 1 rectal cancer), differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n = 6), bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma (n = 2), urinary bladder cancer (n = 1), and melanoma (n = 1). More than half of cancers which were not detected by PET were smaller than 1 cm in diameter. Conclusion: $^{18}F-FDG$ PET might be useful for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects due to its high specificity and negative predictive value and playa supplementary role to the conventional health check-up, but it could not replace due to limited sensitivity for urological cancers, small-sized tumors and some hypometaboic cancers.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2008

Purpose: We analyze the characteristics of soft tissue sarcomas presented with hematoma, which were misdiagnosed as simple hematoma initially and the proper management were delayed. Materials and Methods: The 7 patients with histologically proven soft tissue sarcoma with hematoma presented since February 1997 were evaluated retrospectively. Neither patient had a medical history of bleeding tendency nor anticoagulant therapy. Two of them had minor traumas. There were 2 men and 5 women. Average follow up period was 58 months. MRI findings, provided treatments and oncologic outcome were reviewed with the reference of related articles. Results: Retrospective review of initial MR images revealed deep seated intramuscular masses with focal solid enhanced nodules at the peripheral margin. The diagnoses were delayed at least 1 month in 3 of them which included 2 cases of simple hematoma evacuation without biopsy initially. After histologic diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma, wide resections were performed in 4 cases. one patient underwent above knee amputation and the remained 2 patients were managed with wide resection followed by amputation due to local recurrence. At last follow up there were CDF and NED in 2 cases, respectively and AWD in 3 cases. Conclusion: To avoid the delay of diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas presented with hematoma, high degree of clinical suspicion, careful analysis of MR images and early biopsy were important.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.197-210
• /
• 2006

This study explored several agenda related to license system, education, professional work of radiological technologists(RTs) and a transition process of law for them to investigate a developmental strategy of RTs as a professional career. The results are as followings : 1. The national license system for RTs was started from 1965, 1965-1972 x-ray technicians(medical assistance), 1973-present(2006) radiotechnologist(medical technologist) since then. 2. The average pass ratio of national license examination(1965-2006) for RTs was 46.6%. The method, subjects and level of the examination should be improved. 3. The education term for RTs has been changed since 1963 ; 1963-1990 two year college, 1991-1999 three year college, 2000-2006 four year and three year college depending on universities and colleges. As of 2006, there are twelve 4-year universities and eighteen 3-year colleges. The total number of new students were 1,956. 4. The new developmental paradigm should be made for technology education of RTs corresponding to the development of medicine and science. 5. The qualification system of clinical specialists in radio-technology field needs to be operated not by the non-governmental body(The Korean Radiological Technologists Association) but by the governmental body. 6. The vertical relationship among RTs, doctors and other medical workers should be rebuilt through the revision of law. Especially, doctors and dentists 'guidance authority' for RTs should be changed to 'request authority'. 7. The service extent of RTs should be extended in medical fields corresponding to professional work of RTs and a revision of the law needed for this situation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2008

To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.